{"id":217,"date":"2018-04-23T04:55:24","date_gmt":"2018-04-23T04:55:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/?p=217"},"modified":"2018-08-08T16:47:26","modified_gmt":"2018-08-08T16:47:26","slug":"%e9%99%88%e5%80%a9%e4%bb%aa%ef%bc%8c%e4%ba%8c%e7%94%b7%e5%88%86%e6%a1%83%ef%bc%8c%e5%84%92%e5%ae%b6%e5%a0%aa%e5%bf%8d%ef%bc%9f-%e8%ae%ba%e5%8f%a4%e5%85%b8%e5%84%92%e5%ae%b6%e4%b8%8e%e5%90%8c%e6%80%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/2018\/04\/23\/%e9%99%88%e5%80%a9%e4%bb%aa%ef%bc%8c%e4%ba%8c%e7%94%b7%e5%88%86%e6%a1%83%ef%bc%8c%e5%84%92%e5%ae%b6%e5%a0%aa%e5%bf%8d%ef%bc%9f-%e8%ae%ba%e5%8f%a4%e5%85%b8%e5%84%92%e5%ae%b6%e4%b8%8e%e5%90%8c%e6%80%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9648\u5029\u4eea\uff0c\u4e8c\u7537\u5206\u6843\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u582a\u5fcd\uff1f-\u8bba\u53e4\u5178\u5112\u5bb6\u4e0e\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u76f8\u5bb9\u6027"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Sin-yee-Chan.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-402\" src=\"http:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/Sin-yee-Chan-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a>\u4e8c\u7537\u5206\u6843\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u582a\u5fcd\uff1f-\u8bba\u53e4\u5178\u5112\u5bb6\u4e0e\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u76f8\u5bb9\u6027<\/h3>\n<p>\u9648\u5029\u4eea\u8457\uff1b\u4e07\u601d\u8273\u8bd1<br \/>\n\u4f5b\u8499\u7279\u5927\u5b66<br \/>\n<strong>\u539f\u8f7d\u4e8e\u00a0<\/strong> \u300aThe Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Chinese Philosophy and Gender\u300b\uff0cPang-White, Ann A. ed. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2016, 173-202.<br \/>\n\u4f5c\u8005\u6388\u6743\u4e8e\u8fdb\u6b65\u5112\u5b66\u7f51<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u6458\u8981\uff1a\u6682\u65e0<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\uff0c\u9634\u9633\uff0c\u6055<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/\u9648\u5029\u4eea-\u4e8c\u7537\u5206\u6843-1.4test.pdf\">\u4e0b\u8f7dPDF\u7248\u672c<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u9605\u8bfb\u5168\u6587\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u7537\u5206\u6843\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u582a\u5fcd\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u8bba\u53e4\u5178\u5112\u5bb6\u4e0e\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u76f8\u5bb9\u6027<\/p>\n<p>\u9648\u5029\u4eea\u8457<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f5b\u8499\u7279\u5927\u5b66<\/p>\n<p>\u4e07\u601d\u8273\u8bd1<\/p>\n<p>\u5f02\u65e5\uff0c\uff08\u5f25\u5b50\u7455\uff09\u4e0e\u541b\u6e38\u65bc\u679c\u56f4\uff0c\u98df\u6843\u800c\u7518\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c3d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u534a\u5556\u541b\u3002\u541b\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u7231\u6211\u54c9\uff01\u4ea1\u5176\u53e3\u5473\u4ee5\u5556\u5be1\u4eba\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5f15\u8a00<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u5173\u4e8e\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6587\u6bb5\uff0c\u6240\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u54f2\u5b66\u7ecf\u5178\u4e4b\u4e00\u2014\u2014\u300a\u97e9\u975e\u5b50\u300b\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u97e9\u975e\u7684\u672c\u610f\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u8c34\u8d23\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u60f3\u4ee5\u8fd9\u5219\u8da3\u4e8b\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u541b\u4e3b\u7684\u55dc\u597d\u53cd\u590d\u65e0\u5e38\u3002\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u62a8\u51fb\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u8bba\u8c03\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u63a5\u7eb3\u540c\u6027\u604b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u884c\u4e3a\u5e76\u4e0d\u53ef\u803b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e60\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5e38\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>\u65e2\u7136\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u53d7\u4eba\u5c0a\u5d07\u7684\u6b63\u7edf\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5bb9\u5fcd\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6216\u8bb8\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u5112\u5bb6\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u8d5e\u6210\u5112\u5bb6\u63a5\u53d7\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bba\u65ad\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u7684\u786e\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e4d\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u548c\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4e3b\u6d41\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u76f8\u6096\u9006\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e24\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5b8c\u597d\u3001\u4f20\u5b97\u63a5\u4ee3\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u7537\u5973\u5a5a\u914d\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u8054\u7684\u9634\u9633\u4ea4\u5408\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u4ee5\u5112\u5bb6\u4e0d\u4ee5\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4e3a\u4eba\u6027\u4e4b\u6076\uff0c\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u5112\u5bb6\u662f\u5305\u5bb9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u201c\u6055\u201d\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u6cd5\u5219\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u6b32\u671b\u548c\u611f\u5b98\u5feb\u4e50\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8c8c\u4f3c\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u201c\u793c\u201d\u6216\u8005\u6270\u4e71\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b\u624d\u4f1a\u88ab\u62c6\u6563\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u8003\u5bdf\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5bf9\u5112\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u652f\u67f1\u2014\u2014\u9634\u9633\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u3001\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u8fa8\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u2014\u2014\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u6790\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u60f3\u786e\u5b9a\u53e4\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u5728\u5bf9\u5112\u5bb6\u6838\u5fc3\u4ef7\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u601d\u8003\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u518d\u73b0\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5f85\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8bc1\u660e\u5112\u5bb6\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5907\u53d7\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8bdd\u9898\u4e2d\u6765\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u53e4\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u300b\u3001\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u300b\u3001\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u300b\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u5148\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e1c\u897f\u8fdb\u884c\u68b3\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u201c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u201c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u542b\u4e49\u7684\u8bcd\u8fdb\u884c\u9610\u660e\u3002\u201c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bcd\u8bed\uff0c\u5b83\u4e8e1892\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u88ab\u5f15\u5165\u82f1\u8bed\u4e16\u754c\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8bed\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u4ece\u4e0e\u6027\u522b\u89d2\u8272\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b26\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3e\u6b62\uff0c\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u5256\u6790\uff0c<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u662f\u201c\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u5173\u4e4e\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u8ddf\u6027\u522b\u53d6\u5411\u548c\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u6027\u611f\u800c\u53c8\u6d6a\u6f2b\u7684\u540c\u6027\u6240\u5438\u5f15\u7684\u6027\u683c\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u5305\u62ec\u6d89\u53ca\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u5b98\u548c\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u63a5\u543b\uff09\u7684\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u4e5f\u5e38\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4e0e\u5f02\u6027\u604b\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u4e8c\u5143\u5bf9\u7acb\u3001\u6cfe\u6e2d\u5206\u660e\u7684\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9644\u52a0\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u5b8c\u5168\u5207\u786e\u5730\u628a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u540c\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u540c\u6027\u604b\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u65e0\u610f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4ec5\u4e3a\u4e86\u884c\u6587\u65b9\u4fbf\u624d\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\uff0c\u6211\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u6307\u6d89\u4efb\u4f55\u540c\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u3001\u6027\u6b32\u548c\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ee5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u5f02\u6027\u604b\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6765\u6307\u6d89\u5f02\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5728\u6b63\u53f2\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u90fd\u6709\u53f2\u53ef\u8003\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5c06\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\uff0c\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u786e\u5b58\u5728\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6df1\u95fa\u5973\u5b50\u5927\u591a\u88ab\u5386\u53f2\u9057\u5fd8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5176\u5b9e\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u66f4\u52a0\u7316\u7357\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5bf9\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u628a\u63e1\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u80cc\u666f\u8fdb\u884c\u54f2\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u628a\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u9650\u5b9a\u5728\u5148\u79e6\u53e4\u5178\u65f6\u671f\u81f3\u6c49\u4ee3\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d206\u5e74\u2014\u516c\u5143220\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u5c06\u4e3a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u73b0\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u6b63\u53f2\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u9690\u6666\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u897f\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u201chomosexuality\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u88ab\u76f4\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u201d\u5e76\u5f15\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a>\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u4ee5\u201c\u5206\u6843\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5272\u8896\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a>\u3001\u201c\u9f99\u9633\u4e4b\u597d\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a>\u7b49\u8bcd\u6307\u4ee3\u540c\u6027\u604b\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u540c\u6027\u604b\u884c\u4e3a\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u53f2\u53ef\u8003\u4e86\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a>\u76f8\u4f20\u795e\u8bdd\u4eba\u7269\u9ec4\u5e1d\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u7537\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a>\u7f16\u7e82\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u524d7\u81f311\u4e16\u7eaa\u3001\u5e76\u4e3a\u5112\u5bb6\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8ba4\u53ef\u548c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u300a\u8bd7\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u8bd7\u6b4c\u660e\u786e\u8868\u8fbe\u8fc7\u4e24\u4e2a\u7537\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u7231\u6155\u4e4b\u60c5\u3002\u5728\u5148\u79e6\u5178\u7c4d\u4e2d\uff0c\u300a\u58a8\u5b50\u300b\u3001\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u300b\u3001\u300a\u97e9\u975e\u5b50\u300b\u3001\u300a\u664f\u5b50\u6625\u79cb\u300b\u90fd\u66fe\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a>\u58a8\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u6b64\u5176\u6545\u4f55\u4e5f\uff1f\u66f0\u5904\u82e5\u5b98\u8005\u7235\u9ad8\u800c\u7984\u539a\uff0c\u6545\u7231\u5176\u8272\u800c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u7109\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a>\u8340\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u4eca\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e4b\u4e71\u541b\uff0c\u4e61\u66f2\u4e4b\u5107\u5b50\uff0c\u83ab\u4e0d\u7f8e\u4e3d\u59da\u51b6\uff0c\u5947\u8863\u5987\u9970\uff0c\u8840\u6c14\u6001\u5ea6\u62df\u4e8e\u5973\u5b50\uff1b\u5987\u4eba\u83ab\u4e0d\u613f\u5f97\u4ee5\u4e3a\u592b\uff0c\u5904\u5973\u83ab\u4e0d\u613f\u5f97\u4ee5\u4e3a\u58eb\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f8e\u7537\u5b50\u5bf9\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u4e0a\u6587\u7684\u5206\u6843\u4e4b\u8bf4\u51fa\u81ea\u300a\u97e9\u975e\u5b50\u300b\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u6b63\u53f2\uff0c\u5982\u300a\u53f2\u8bb0\u300b\uff08\u6210\u4e66\u4e8e\u516c\u5143\u524d109\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u300a\u6218\u56fd\u7b56\u300b\uff08\u6210\u4e66\u4e8e\u7ea6\u516c\u5143\u524d1\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09\u3001\u300a\u6c49\u4e66\u300b\uff08\u6210\u4e66\u4e8e\u516c\u5143111\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u8bba\u53ca\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7537\u540c\u4e4b\u4e8b\u3002\u636e\u8f7d\uff0c\u6c49\u4ee3\u7537\u98ce\u76db\u884c\uff0c\u6c49\u4ee3\u7684\u524d\u5341\u4f4d\u7687\u5e1d\u7686\u6709\u7537\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u628a\u5112\u5bb6\u5b66\u8bf4\u5c0a\u5949\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u6b63\u7edf\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u541b\u4e3b\u6c49\u6b66\u5e1d\u3002\u541b\u4e3b\u7684\u7537\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5ba0\u3001\u5b16\u3001\u5a08\u7ae5\u3001\u4f5e\u5e78\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7537\u5ba0\u90fd\u6709\u7f8e\u8c8c\uff0c\u7537\u5ba0\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u51fa\u7c7b\u62d4\u8403\u7684\u4e50\u5e08\u6216\u5c06\u519b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u536b\u9752\u3002\u300a\u53f2\u8bb0\u300b\u4e2d\u6709\u300a\u5a08\u5e78\u5217\u4f20\u300b\u4e00\u7bc7\uff0c\u53f8\u9a6c\u8fc1\u4e3a\u8be5\u7bc7\u4f5c\u5f15\u8a00\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u592b\u4e8b\u4eba\u541b\u80fd\u8bf4\uff08\u5373\u60a6\uff09\u4e3b\u8033\u76ee\uff0c\u548c\u4e3b\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u800c\u83b7\u4eb2\u8fd1\uff0c\u975e\u72ec\u8272\u7231\uff0c\u80fd\u4ea6\u5404\u6709\u6240\u957f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a>\u800c\u8d60\u56fd\u541b\u4ee5\u7f8e\u5c11\u7537\u5219\u582a\u79f0\u7978\u56fd\u4e4b\u9634\u8c0b\uff0c\u300a\u6218\u56fd\u7b56\u300b\u6709\u4e91\uff1a\u201c\u7f8e\u7537\u7834\u8001\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a>\u5728\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d222\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\uff09\uff0c\u8d35\u65cf\u3001\u5b98\u5458\u3001\u5bcc\u8d3e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7686\u6d41\u884c\u84c4\u517b\u7ae5\u7537\u7ae5\u5973\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u6027\u6d88\u9063\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\u5c24\u5176\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u786e\u5207\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u88ab\u63cf\u5199\u4e3a\u53cc\u6027\u604b\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5173\u7cfb\u5927\u591a\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e0a\u3001\u4e0b\u9636\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5e1d\u738b\u4e0e\u7537\u5ba0\uff0c\u5bb6\u4e3b\u4e0e\u7537\u4ec6\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4f26\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u8bf8\u5982\u7236\u5b50\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u7b49\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u89c4\u8303\u5316\u9650\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7236\u5b50\u95f4\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u4e49\u52a1\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7b49\u7ea7\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u6743\u5229\u4e0e\u5730\u4f4d\u4e4b\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u9636\u5c42\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5173\u7cfb\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u98ce\u6d41\u96c5\u8da3\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u592b\u59bb\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u91cd\u8d1f\u7684\u89e3\u8131\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6743\u52bf\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\">[19]<\/a>\u5176\u4e09\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u201c\u7f8e\u7537\u7834\u8001\u201d\u4e4b\u8bf4\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d1f\u9762\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4e3a\u653f\u8005\u7684\u6deb\u9038\u8150\u8d25\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u5f15\u58a8\u5b50\u4e4b\u8a00\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bb2\u6e05\u4e86\u7537\u5ba0\u4e0e\u5973\u5ba0\u4e4b\u522b\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u88ab\u7981\u8db3\u4e8e\u5bab\u95f1\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u800c\u524d\u8005\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u5f97\u4ee5\u52a0\u5b98\u8fdb\u7235\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\">[20]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u53e4\u4eba\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5728\u53cd\u5bf9\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u540c\u6027\u604b\u672c\u8eab\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u75c7\u7ed3\u4e4b\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53e4\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7231\u604b\u540c\u6027\u7684\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u6709\u7f6a\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u803b\u7684\u3001\u6216\u8005\u662f\u53d8\u6001\u7684\u3002\u53e4\u8bed\u4e91\uff1a\u201c\u5185\u5916\u6df7\u901a\uff0c\u7537\u5973\u65e0\u522b\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a>\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u7537\u5ba0\u8fd8\u662f\u5973\u5ba0\uff0c\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8c34\u8d23\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u300a\u53f2\u8bb0\u300b\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u624d\u80fd\u4e13\u957f\u8bae\u8bba\u7537\u5ba0\uff0c<a href=\"#_ftn22\" name=\"_ftnref22\">[22]<\/a>\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u7537\u5ba0\u5728\u624d\u5e72\u4e0a\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5230\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u516c\u6b63\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\uff0c\u6027\u6b32\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6240\u5728\u3002\u6240\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u7cbe\u82f1\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u591a\u4f4d\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u5929\u5b50\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u7687\u540e\u548c\u6570\u4f4d\u5ad4\u5983\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u592b\u4eba\u3001\u4e5d\u5ad4\u3001\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u5987\u548c\u516b\u5341\u4e00\u5fa1\u59bb\uff08\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u660f\u4e49\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u56db\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u8bf8\u4faf\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u592b\u4eba\u548c\u6570\u4f4d\u4e16\u5987\uff08\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u66f2\u793c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u300b\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u592b\u591a\u59bb\u5236\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c0f\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e5e\u98df\u796d\u54c1\u7684\u8349\u6c11\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u59bb\u4e00\u59be\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn23\" name=\"_ftnref23\">[23]<\/a>\u6216\u8bb8\uff0c\u53e4\u4eba\u8c34\u8d23\u540c\u6027\u604b\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u8c34\u8d23\u6deb\u6b32\uff0c\u8c34\u8d23\u5bf9\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8fc7\u5206\u8d2a\u604b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u540c\u6027\u604b\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u6027\u6d88\u9063\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6781\u5bb9\u6613\u5815\u843d\u4e3a\u6deb\u6b32\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u8d1f\u9762\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u6deb\u6b32\u6216\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53f2\u6599\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6027\u3002\u7537\u5ba0\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u662f\u5bc6\u53cb\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u732e\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u63cf\u5199\u548c\u8bb0\u8f7d\u5e38\u5e38\u8f83\u4e3a\u9690\u6666\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u732e\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u60c5\u610f\u7ef5\u7ef5\u63cf\u5199\u5f97\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c11\uff0c\u300a\u97e9\u975e\u5b50\u300b\u5bf9\u201c\u5206\u6843\u201d\u7684\u63cf\u5199\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u4f8b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u541b\u738b\u7684\u604b\u60c5\u53d8\u5316\u65e0\u5e38\uff0c\u4f46\u7537\u5ba0\u4eec\u5374\u90fd\u5728\u541b\u738b\u7684\u6eba\u7231\u4e2d\u5f97\u4eab\u9526\u8863\u7389\u98df\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u5f88\u5c11\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6027\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u611f\u5230\u7f9e\u803b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u732e\u5e76\u4e0d\u8c34\u8d23\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u5185\u5728\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u7ecf\u5178\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u6c89\u9ed8\u7684\u3002\u5b8b\u671d\u56e0\u4e3a\u6deb\u4e71\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u536b\u7075\u516c\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5173\u7cfb\u800c\u51fa\u540d\uff0c\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u300b\u867d\u66fe\u63d0\u53ca\u4e86\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u201c\u5b8b\u671d\u4e4b\u7f8e\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u5b8b\u671d\u7684\u6027\u683c\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u5374\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4efb\u4f55\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn24\" name=\"_ftnref24\">[24]<\/a>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d7\u5230\u8206\u8bba\u62a8\u51fb\u7684\u7f8e\u7537\u5b50\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u8d23\u5907\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7f8e\u8c8c\u4e0e\u540c\u6027\u604b\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6279\u8bc4\u4ed6\u4eec\u758f\u4e8e\u624d\u667a\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8ba4\u77e5\u529b\u548c\u5224\u65ad\u529b\uff08\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u975e\u76f8\u300b\uff09\u3002\u8d28\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u65e9\u671f\u5112\u5bb6\u5df2\u7136\u719f\u95c7\u540c\u6027\u604b\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u7ecf\u5178\u6587\u672c\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u628a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u4eba\u6027\u4e4b\u6076\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u5112\u5bb6\u9ed8\u8bb8\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u7406\u7531<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5112\u5bb6\u5728\u540c\u6027\u604b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u660e\u663e\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u6c89\u9ed8\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u7406\u7531\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5112\u5bb6\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5bf9\u5112\u5bb6\u9ed8\u8bb8\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u7406\u7531\u8fdb\u884c\u9610\u91ca\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e0d\u8a00\u201c\u795e\u547d\u201d\uff08divine command\uff09\u3001\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6b32\u6c42\u4e4b\u63a5\u7eb3\u3001\u6027\u5feb\u611f\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5112\u5bb6\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u6055\u201d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u6ca1\u6709\u8c34\u8d23\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u795e\u547d<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u795e\u547d\u8bba\u7d20\u6765\u5c31\u6709\u53cd\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u9274\u4e8e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u628a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u884c\u4e3a\u5224\u4f5c\u6709\u7f6a\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u5f92\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u8c34\u8d23\u5e76\u6212\u9664\u540c\u6027\u604b\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn25\" name=\"_ftnref25\">[25]<\/a>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c\u4e00\u79cd\u672c\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u6076\uff08sui generis evilness\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6076\u662f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn26\" name=\"_ftnref26\">[26]<\/a>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u975e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u5e76\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u5c31\u628a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u5b50\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u5c06\u53c2\u4e0e\u57ce\u90a6\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u7537\u7ae5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u6027\u7231\u5173\u7cfb\u79f0\u8d5e\u4e3a\u9ad8\u8d35\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u800c\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u5219\u4ee5\u540c\u6027\u604b\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u6743\u529b\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff08\u540c\u6027\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u65b9\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5f3a\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u63d2\u5165\u65b9\u5219\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5f31\u8005\uff09\uff0c<a href=\"#_ftn27\" name=\"_ftnref27\">[27]<\/a>\u5370\u5ea6\u6559\u7684\u514b\u5229\u987b\u90a3\u795e\u4e4b\u5b50\u6851\u5df4\u4e5f\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u540c\u5fd7\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u795e\u8d5b\u65af\u56e0\u5bf9\u5176\u5f1f\u5f1f\u7684\u6027\u4fb5\u72af\u800c\u51fa\u540d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn28\" name=\"_ftnref28\">[28]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u5e76\u4e0d\u8d5e\u540c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u795e\u547d\u201d\uff08divine command\uff09\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u53cd\u95ee\u201c\u5929\u4f55\u8a00\u54c9\uff1f\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u9633\u8d27\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u610f\u8c13\u5929\u4e0d\u8a00\uff1b\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u5b5f\u5b50\u628a\u9053\u5fb7\u89c6\u4e3a\u4eba\u4e4b\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u4eba\u6027\u4ee5\u5929\u547d\u7684\u8272\u5f69\uff0c\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4eba\u6027\u5e94\u5f53\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5929\u547d\u7684\u663e\u73b0\uff0c\u6b64\u5373\u5b5f\u5b50\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5c3d\u5176\u5fc3\u8005\uff0c\u77e5\u5176\u6027\u4e5f\uff1b\u77e5\u5176\u6027\uff0c\u5219\u77e5\u5929\u77e3\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u5c3d\u5fc3\u4e0a\u300b\uff09\u3002\u4e0e\u5916\u6c42\u4e8e\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u795e\u6743\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u5185\u5728\u672c\u5fc3\uff08heart-mind\uff09\u4fbf\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u6307\u5357\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u795e\u547d\u5c06\u540c\u6027\u604b\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u672c\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u6076\uff08<em>sui generis<\/em> evilness\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u53cd\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba4\u4e3a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9020\u4eba\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u6839\u636e\u963f\u594e\u90a3\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8fdd\u80cc\u4e86\u4e0a\u5e1d\u4e3a\u6027\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u7e41\u884d\u540e\u4ee3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u7ea6\u662f\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\uff0c<a href=\"#_ftn29\" name=\"_ftnref29\">[29]<\/a>\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u803b\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u5c06\u8089\u4f53\u5f53\u505a\u5bfb\u6b22\u4f5c\u4e50\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u6240\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u5272\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4fbf\u8d2c\u4f4e\u4e86\u4ed6\/\u5979\u7684\u8089\u8eab\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn30\" name=\"_ftnref30\">[30]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u795e\u5723\u8bbe\u5b9a\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u90a3\u91cc\u5374\u65e0\u4ece\u8bf4\u8d77\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u5f88\u5c11\u5173\u6ce8\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u9020\u7269\u4e3b\u6216\u53d7\u9020\u7269\u3002\u8340\u5b50\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\u6027\u7684\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5929\u884c\u6709\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e3a\u5c27\u5b58\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e3a\u6840\u4ea1\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u5929\u8bba\u300b\uff09\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u786e\u5173\u5fc3\u4f55\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e89\u8bba\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u6000\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5f85\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0e\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u98df\u8272\uff0c\u6027\u4e5f\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6b32\u671b\u6709\u540c\u60c5\u4e4b\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u63a5\u53d7\u540c\u6027\u604b\u3002\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u201d\uff08self\uff09\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d89\u8eab\u81ea\u6211\uff08embodied self\uff09\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn31\" name=\"_ftnref31\">[31]<\/a>\u517b\u5fb7\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u517b\u751f\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u517b\u6c14\uff0c\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u9075\u5faa\u996e\u98df\u3001\u4eea\u6001\u3001\u4f5c\u606f\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u89c4\u5b9a\u800c\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u201c\u552f\u5723\u4eba\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df5\u5f62\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u5c3d\u5fc3\u4e0a\u300b\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u63a5\u53d7\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6b32\u671b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6b32\u671b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8eab\u4f53\u5b8c\u6210\u5176\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff1b\u800c\u6027\u6b32\u4fbf\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6b32\u671b\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6c49\u8bed\u5e38\u4ee5\u201c\u8272\u201d\u8a00\u201c\u6027\u201d\uff08sex\uff09\uff0c\u201c\u8272\u201d\u7684\u5b57\u9762\u542b\u4e49\u662f\u8272\u5f69\u3001\u989c\u8272\uff0c\u5f15\u7533\u4e3a\u7f8e\u4e3d\u3001\u6f02\u4eae\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u76ee\u4e4b\u597d\u4e94\u8272\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u529d\u5b66\u300b\uff09\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7f8e\u4eba\u603b\u4f1a\u6fc0\u8d77\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u6b32\uff0c\u6545\u53e4\u4eba\u4e5f\u4ee5\u201c\u8272\u201d\u4e5f\u6307\u6d89\u201c\u6027\u201d\u3002\u4eba\u7686\u597d\u8272\uff0c\u6545\u5b54\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u543e\u672a\u89c1\u597d\u5fb7\u5982\u597d\u8272\u8005\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u5b50\u7f55\u300b\uff09\u5b5f\u5b50\u4ea6\u4e91\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u5c11\uff0c\u5219\u6155\u7236\u6bcd\uff1b\u77e5\u597d\u8272\uff0c\u5219\u6155\u5c11\u827e\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u4e07\u7ae0\u4e0a\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u5178\u7c4d\u4e2d\uff0c\u6027\u6b32\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u98df\u6b32\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u7686\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6b32\u6c42\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u996e\u98df\u7537\u5973\uff0c\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u5927\u6b32\u5b58\u7109\u201d\uff08\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u793c\u8fd0\u300b\uff0c\u5b5f\u5b50\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u540c\u610f\u544a\u5b50\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u201c\u98df\u8272\uff0c\u6027\u4e5f\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u544a\u5b50\u4e0a\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u7a77\u5c3d\u4eba\u7684\u6240\u6709\u672c\u6027\u3002\u6234\u6885\u53ef\uff08Michael Nylan\uff09\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u8340\u5b50\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u98df\u3001\u8272\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4eba\u6027\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn32\" name=\"_ftnref32\">[32]<\/a>\u8340\u5b50\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u672c\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6cef\u706d\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4ee5\u6240\u6b32\u4e3a\u53ef\u5f97\u800c\u6c42\u4e4b\uff0c\u60c5\u4e4b\u6240\u5fc5\u4e0d\u514d\u4e5f\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u6b63\u540d\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u98df\u3001\u8272\u867d\u4e3a\u4eba\u7686\u4e0d\u53ef\u56de\u907f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u81ea\u7136\u6b32\u671b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4ecd\u9700\u53d7\u5230\u793c\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u95ee\u53ca\u98df\u8272\u4e4b\u6b32\u4e0e\u793c\u5b70\u8f7b\u5b70\u91cd\u65f6\uff0c\u5b5f\u5b50\u6beb\u4e0d\u72b9\u8c6b\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u793c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4ed6\u53cd\u95ee\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u7d3e\u5144\u4e4b\u81c2\u800c\u593a\u4e4b\u98df\uff0c\u5219\u5f97\u98df\uff0c\u4e0d\u7d3e\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5f97\u98df\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u7d3e\u4e4b\u4e4e\uff1f\u8e30\u4e1c\u5bb6\u5899\u800c\u6402\u5176\u5904\u5b50\uff0c\u5219\u5f97\u59bb\uff0c\u4e0d\u6402\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5f97\u59bb\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u6402\u4e4b\u4e4e\uff1f\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u544a\u5b50\u4e0b\u300b\uff09\u8340\u5b50\u6781\u5176\u5f3a\u8c03\u793c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u793c\u80fd\u591f\u89c4\u8303\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u4ee5\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u6b32\u671b\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5148\u738b\u6076\u5176\u4e71\u4e5f\uff0c\u6545\u5236\u793c\u4e49\u4ee5\u5206\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u517b\u4eba\u4e4b\u6b32\uff0c\u7ed9\u4eba\u4e4b\u6c42\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u793c\u8bba\u300b\uff09\u53ea\u8981\u5faa\u793c\u800c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6027\u6b32\u7684\u6ee1\u8db3\u4fbf\u662f\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u300a\u56fd\u98ce\u300b\u4e4b\u597d\u8272\u4e5f\uff0c\u300a\u4f20\u300b\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u76c8\u5176\u6b32\u800c\u4e0d\u6106\u5176\u6b62\u3002\u5176\u8bda\u53ef\u6bd4\u4e8e\u91d1\u77f3\uff0c\u5176\u58f0\u53ef\u5185\u4e8e\u5b97\u5e99\u3002\u2019\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u5927\u7565\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u4ee3\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u662f\u5148\u5929\u7684\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn33\" name=\"_ftnref33\">[33]<\/a>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5047\u5982\u8fd9\u79cd\u5148\u5929\u8bf4\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4eba\u4e4b\u81ea\u7136\u6b32\u6c42\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0d\u8fdd\u80cc\u793c\u6216\u9020\u6210\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e4b\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u63a5\u53d7\u540c\u6027\u604b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6587\u672c\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u5112\u5bb6\u8d5e\u6210\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u5148\u5929\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u53f2\u6599\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u6709\u4eba\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e3a\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\uff09\u662f\u5355\u5411\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u65ad\u8896\u201d\u7684\u6c49\u54c0\u5e1d\u5c31\u5bf9\u5973\u4eba\u4e0d\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn34\" name=\"_ftnref34\">[34]<\/a>\u7531\u4e8e\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u901a\u5e38\u90fd\u662f\u5f02\u6027\u604b\u6216\u53cc\u6027\u604b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u4eba\u4eec\u6545\u610f\u53ea\u504f\u597d\u540c\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5355\u5411\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u8bb8\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u4e3a\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u5148\u5929\u8bf4\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4f20\u5b97\u63a5\u4ee3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53cc\u6027\u604b\u8005\u7684\u786e\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u504f\u597d\u540c\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\uff0c\u8fd9\u53c8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u5148\u5929\u8bf4\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u672c\u6587\u60f3\u8981\u652f\u6301\u540c\u6027\u604b\u6027\u522b\u53d6\u5411\u5148\u5929\u8bf4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53cc\u6027\u604b\u7684\u5148\u5929\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u5355\u5411\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u5148\u5929\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u53cc\u6027\u604b\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8bb8\u591a\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u80fd\u591f\u8bc1\u660e\u5f53\u4e0b\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5148\u5929\u8bf4\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn35\" name=\"_ftnref35\">[35]<\/a>\u6839\u636e\u8340\u5b50\u5bf9\u6b32\u671b\u4e4b\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5faa\u4e4e\u793c\u800c\u8fbe\u4e4e\u6b32\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u540c\u6027\u604b\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5148\u5929\u7684\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u8eab\u6b32\u671b\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8981\u6c42\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e50\u4e0e\u6027<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u4e50\u201d\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u63a5\u53d7\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u4e50\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u5fb7\u6027\u4fee\u517b\u4e4b\u4e50\u3001\u4e3a\u5b66\u4e4b\u4e50\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3e\u6b62\u5f97\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e50\uff0c\u662f\u6bd4\u611f\u6027\u7684\u8089\u4f53\u6b22\u6109\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u201c\u4e50\u201d\uff0c\u5b54\u5b50\u8868\u626c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u989c\u56de\u6c89\u6d78\u4e8e\u4e3a\u5b66\u4e4b\u4e50\u800c\u5fd8\u4e4e\u8d2b\u7a77\u4e4b\u5fe7\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8d24\u54c9\uff0c\u56de\u4e5f\uff01\u4e00\u7baa\u98df\uff0c\u4e00\u74e2\u996e\uff0c\u5728\u964b\u5df7\u3002\u4eba\u4e0d\u582a\u5176\u5fe7\uff0c\u56de\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6539\u5176\u4e50\u3002\u8d24\u54c9\uff0c\u56de\u4e5f\uff01\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u96cd\u4e5f\u300b\uff09\u5728\u8340\u5b50\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4e50\u662f\u5bd3\u4e8e\u597d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6545\u660e\u541b\u8005\uff0c\u5fc5\u5c06\u5148\u6cbb\u5176\u56fd\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u767e\u4e50\u5f97\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u738b\u9738\u300b\uff09\u6234\u6885\u53ef\uff08Michael Nylan\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5305\u62ec\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u5185\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53e4\u5178\u5b66\u8bf4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u541b\u4e3b\u4e0e\u5927\u81e3\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u8c0b\u5212\u51fa\u8ba9\u6c11\u4f17\u4e50\u6709\u6240\u8282\u7684\u5408\u7406\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6c11\u4f17\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e2\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u653f\u4f53\u66f4\u52a0\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4fb5\u8680\u653f\u4f53\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn36\" name=\"_ftnref36\">[36]<\/a>\u6216\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u6234\u6885\u53ef\u5bf9\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u5728\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e50\u611f\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5426\u8ba4\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u786e\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u83b7\u5f97\u4e50\u611f\u5177\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6027\u7231\u4e2d\u7684\u9c7c\u6c34\u4e4b\u6b22\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u611f\u5b98\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u611f\u5b98\u5feb\u4e50\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u5815\u843d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u662f\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn37\" name=\"_ftnref37\">[37]<\/a>\u5728\u5b5f\u5b50\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u611f\u5b98\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u8ffd\u6c42\u97f3\u4e50\u4e4b\u4e50\u3001\u7530\u730e\u4e4b\u4e50\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bab\u5ba4\u4e4b\u7f8e\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u4e0b\u300b\uff09\u3002\u800c\u6027\u5feb\u611f\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u611f\u5b98\u5feb\u4e50\u662f\u540c\u7c7b\u7684\uff0c\u5b5f\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u6614\u8005\u5927\u738b\u597d\u8272\uff0c\u7231\u53a5\u5983\u2026\u2026\u5f53\u662f\u65f6\u4e5f\uff0c\u5185\u65e0\u6028\u5973\uff0c\u5916\u65e0\u65f7\u592b\u3002\u738b\u5982\u597d\u8272\uff0c\u4e0e\u767e\u59d3\u540c\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e8e\u738b\u4f55\u6709\uff1f\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u4e0b\u300b\uff09\u5b5f\u5b50\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5468\u4ee3\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u7956\u5148\u5927\u738b\uff08\u53e4\u97f3\u201c\u592a\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u6027\u6b32\u4e4b\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e4\u4ee3\u5723\u738b\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u8ffd\u6c42\u7f8e\u8272\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u529b\u56fe\u5e2e\u52a9\u5176\u5b50\u6c11\u6ee1\u8db3\u60c5\u6b32\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u5176\u5730\u4f4d\u4e4b\u9ad8\u4f4e\u8d35\u8d31\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u6b32\u6c42\u6027\u5feb\u611f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u6b32\u671b\u90fd\u662f\u7406\u5e94\u5f97\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b5f\u5b50\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4eca\u738b\u4e0e\u767e\u59d3\u540c\u4e50\uff0c\u5219\u738b\u77e3\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u4e0b\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u6055\u4e0e\u540c\u6027\u604b<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5b5f\u5b50\u4e0e\u6c11\u540c\u4e50\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b54\u5b50\u201c\u6055\u201d\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u662f\u4e00\u4ee5\u8d2f\u4e4b\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5b54\u5b50\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u6055\u201d\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u4e3a\u4eba\u751f\u884c\u4e3a\u51c6\u5219\u7684\u4e00\u5b57\u7bb4\u8a00\uff0c\u201c\u6055\u201d\u8981\u6c42\u201c\u5df1\u6240\u4e0d\u6b32\u52ff\u65bd\u4e8e\u4eba\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u536b\u7075\u516c\u300b\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u201c\u6055\u201d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u540c\u6027\u604b\u3002\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8a00\uff0c<a href=\"#_ftn38\" name=\"_ftnref38\">[38]<\/a>\u201c\u6055\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5c06\u5fc3\u6bd4\u5fc3\u7684\u7c7b\u63a8\u601d\u7ef4\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u6cd5\u5219\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u5176\u8981\u9886\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u6362\u4f4d\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u63a5\u7eb3\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u800c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u611f\u540c\u8eab\u53d7\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3001\u6b32\u671b\u6216\u8005\u5224\u65ad\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u5df1\u672c\u6709\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3001\u6b32\u671b\u6216\u8005\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u6240\u771f\u5207\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u51b2\u7a81\u53c8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u5728\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u672c\u6709\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c31\u5e94\u987a\u4ece\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u5c0a\u91cd\u5bf9\u65b9\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6743\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ba9\u5bf9\u65b9\u5fcd\u53d7\u6b32\u800c\u4e0d\u5f97\u7684\u75db\u82e6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7528\u201c\u6055\u201d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6765\u63a2\u8ba8\u540c\u6027\u604b\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba8\u8bba\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u201c\u6055\u201d\u9f13\u52b1\u4eba\u5168\u9762\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u8981\u53cd\u7701\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3001\u6b32\u6c42\u4e0e\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u201c\u6055\u201d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6700\u597d\u662f\u7528\u6765\u5206\u6790\u4e2a\u4eba\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u4e8b\u662f\u5426\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u201c\u6055\u201d\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u540c\u6027\u604b\u88ab\u5bb9\u8bb8\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u8ba8\u8bba\u793e\u4f1a\u5bb9\u8bb8\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba8\u8bba\u9053\u5fb7\u5bb9\u8bb8\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u8005\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8981\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u201c\u6055\u201d\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5bb9\u8bb8\u5ea6\u4e4b\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5176\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u5374\u7406\u5e94\u53d7\u5230\u9053\u5fb7\u5bb9\u8bb8\u5ea6\u7684\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d28\u7591\u5e76\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u771f\u6b63\u8ba4\u540c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u3001\u5224\u65ad\u6216\u8005\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60f3\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff0c\u201c\u6055\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\u4e5f\u5141\u8bb8\u6b64\u4eba\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e4b\u4e3a\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u601d\u60f3\uff1b\u4f46\u4e5f\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u6055\u201d\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5224\u5b9a\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u9053\u5fb7\u5408\u7406\u6027\u6216\u8005\u5bb9\u8bb8\u5ea6\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u7528\u201c\u6055\u201d\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u88ab\u5bb9\u8bb8\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u8bf8\u591a\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba8\u8bba\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u91cd\u70b9\u8003\u5bdf\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d7\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5224\u5b9a\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5bf9\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u4e2d\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e2a\u4f53\u53c2\u4e0e\u5ea6\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u201c\u6055\u201d\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u51fa\u53d1\u6765\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e0c\u671b\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5e74\u7537\u5b50\u53d1\u751f\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5173\u7cfb\u800c\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u4f5c\u51fa\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5224\u5b9a\uff1f\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u672c\u7740\u201c\u6055\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u8bd5\u7740\u53bb\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u53ef\u800c\u56e0\u6b64\u80fd\u4eab\u53d7\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6027\u5feb\u611f\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u6055\u201d\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u4f1a\u7a81\u663e\u793e\u4f1a\u62d2\u65a5\u540c\u6027\u604b\u6240\u5e26\u7ed9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u75db\u82e6\uff0c\u5373\u5bb3\u6015\u906d\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u6392\u65a5\u548c\u6027\u632b\u6298\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u81ea\u8d23\u3001\u81ea\u6b3a\u6b3a\u4eba\u3001\u81ea\u6028\u81ea\u827e\u3001\u81ea\u5351\u3001\u5b64\u72ec\u3001\u4ec7\u89c6\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u65ad\u5b9a\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u3001\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u4e0e\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u8bb8\u53ef\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u6b32\u671b\u3001\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u987a\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u613f\u671b\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5e76\u975e\u4eba\u6027\u5185\u5728\u7684\u6076\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5916\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5bf9\u793c\u7684\u8fdd\u80cc\u2014\u2014\u6682\u4e14\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u5185\u5728\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0e\u5e0c\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u8bb8\u53ef\u7684\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u4e0d\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c31\u7b97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u538c\u6076\u540c\u6027\u604b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u51b2\u7a81\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u201cX\u504f\u597d\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5e76\u5e0c\u671b\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5f97\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u540c\u201d\u4e0e\u201cY\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u751a\u81f3\u538c\u6076\u540c\u6027\u604b\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u53e5\u8bdd\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u771f\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u538c\u6076\u67d0\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5bb9\u8bb8\u522b\u4eba\u8ffd\u6c42\u4ed6\u6240\u538c\u6076\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u65e0\u903b\u8f91\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u5bb9\u8bb8\u201d\u65e2\u975e\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u3001\u4ea6\u975e\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u67d0\u4eba\u8ba8\u538c\u5de7\u514b\u529b\u51b0\u6fc0\u51cc\u548c\u522b\u4eba\u559c\u6b22\u5de7\u514b\u529b\u51b0\u6fc0\u51cc\u662f\u6709\u5b9e\u8d28\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u3002\u540c\u6837\u6309\u7167\u201c\u6055\u201d\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bb9\u8bb8\u3001\u5e2e\u52a9\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u4e50\u4e8e\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4eab\u7528\u5979\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u5de7\u514b\u529b\u51b0\u6fc0\u51cc\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5341\u5206\u8ba8\u538c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53e3\u5473\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u7740\u201c\u6055\u201d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u662f\u53ef\u88ab\u793e\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u4f55\u4ee5\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u628a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8c34\u8d23\u4e3a\u4eba\u6027\u4e4b\u6076\u7684\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u5a01\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u627f\u8ba4\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6b32\u671b\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5feb\u4e50\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9075\u4ece\u201c\u6055\u201d\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bba\u8bc1\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u5bb9\u8bb8\u5ea6\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bba\u636e\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4e0d\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u5916\u5728\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u8fdd\u53cd\u793c\u6216\u8005\u5f15\u53d1\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u3002\u8981\u5145\u5206\u8bc1\u660e\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8003\u5bdf\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\uff1b\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u5916\u5728\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e4d\u770b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u6270\u4e71\u4e86\u5112\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u652f\u67f1\u2014\u2014\u9634\u9633\u4e8c\u5206\u3001\u6027\u522b\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62c5\u5fe7\u662f\u53ef\u6d88\u9664\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u9996\u5148\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u63d0\u51fa\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u9634\u9633<\/p>\n<p>\u9634\u9633\u601d\u60f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9634\u4e0e\u9633\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u4e24\u79cd\u5404\u81ea\u5bf9\u7acb\u800c\u53c8\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u9634\u901a\u5e38\u5173\u6d89\u9ed1\u3001\u67d4\u3001\u6e7f\u3001\u8d1f\u3001\u591c\u3001\u5730\uff1b\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\uff0c\u9633\u901a\u5e38\u5173\u6d89\u767d\u3001\u521a\u3001\u5e72\u3001\u6b63\u3001\u663c\u3001\u5929\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9634\u4e0e\u9633\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u660e\u786e\u5730\u5173\u6d89\u7537\u548c\u5973\uff0c\u201c\u9634\u9633\u4ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c13\u7537\u5973\uff0c\u7537\u5973\u4ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c13\u9634\u9633\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn39\" name=\"_ftnref39\">[39]<\/a>\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u9634\u9633\u601d\u60f3\u6700\u521d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u7537\u5973\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u9634\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u67d4\u5f31\u5351\u4e0b\uff0c\u9633\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u662f\u521a\u5f3a\u5c0a\u8d35\uff0c\u9634\u9633\u4e8c\u529b\u6b64\u6d88\u5f7c\u957f\uff0c\u8f6e\u6d41\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6027\u529b\u91cf\uff1b\u9634\u4e0e\u9633\u7684\u6d88\u957f\u53d8\u5316\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u5b87\u5b99\u4e07\u7269\uff0c\u4ece\u5929\u6c14\u53d8\u5316\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u5305\u3002\u9634\u9633\u4e8c\u529b\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5316\u751f\u5b87\u5b99\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u201c\u6c14\u201d\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u9634\u9633\u4e8c\u6c14\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u5408\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6c14\u5728\u7269\u4e0e\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u8f6c\u5316\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6c14\u517c\u6709\u5b87\u5b99\u548c\u4eba\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff0c\u6545\u9634\u9633\u4ea6\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u9634\u9633\u4e8c\u6c14\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u878d\u5165\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u5927\u5316\u6d41\u884c\u3002\u5f53\u9634\u548c\u9633\u4e8c\u529b\u53d1\u6325\u9002\u5ea6\u5e76\u76f8\u4e92\u5e73\u8861\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u65ad\u5b87\u5b99\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ea6\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u548c\u8c10\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e5f\u5c06\u80fd\u591f\u5b58\u517b\u5176\u7cbe\uff08\u7cbe\u662f\u6c14\u7684\u81f3\u9ad8\u3001\u81f3\u7eaf\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn40\" name=\"_ftnref40\">[40]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7ed9\u9634\u9633\u4e0e\u7537\u5973\u7684\u5bf9\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5973\u4eba\uff08\u9634\uff09\u4e0e\u7537\u4eba\uff08\u9633\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u6027\u4ea4\u5408\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9634\u4e0e\u9633\u4e24\u79cd\u5b87\u5b99\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5931\u8861\u3002\u201c\u5018\u82e5\u53ea\u6709\u96c4\u6027\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u96cc\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u751f\u547d\u4f55\u4ee5\u80fd\u591f\u8f6c\u5316\u4e0e\u751f\u6210\uff1f\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn41\" name=\"_ftnref41\">[41]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u9634\u9633\u4ea4\u5408\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u62c5\u5fe7\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5bf9\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5047\u8bbe\u63d0\u51fa\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7537\u5973\u4ea4\u5408\u5728\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u9634\u9633\u4e92\u52a8\u5728\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u9634\u9633\u4ea4\u5408\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u62c5\u5fc3\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4e0e\u9634\u9633\u601d\u60f3\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\uff0c\u5176\u7406\u7531\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7537\u5973\u95f4\u7684\u6027\u4ea4\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u6709\u751f\u6d3b\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u90fd\u8981\u6c42\u7537\u5973\u4e92\u52a8\u5e76\u975e\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5112\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u7840\u2014\u2014\u5185\u5916\u4e4b\u5206\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn42\" name=\"_ftnref42\">[42]<\/a>\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u5206\u628a\u5973\u6027\u9650\u5b9a\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u7537\u6027\u8fdb\u5165\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52a1\u9886\u57df\uff1b\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u573a\u57df\u5c31\u88ab\u7537\u6027\u5784\u65ad\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u9879\u63aa\u65bd\u90fd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u5973\u6027\u53c2\u653f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u628a\u5973\u6027\u53c2\u653f\u620f\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u725d\u9e21\u53f8\u6668\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u5112\u5bb6\u5374\u4ece\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7537\u5973\u5185\u5916\u4e4b\u522b\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5b87\u5b99\u5931\u8861\u3002\u4e3a\u4f55\u7537\u5973\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0a\u7684\u4ea4\u5408\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u5374\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u5462\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u628a\u7537\u5973\u95f4\u7684\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u89c6\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5c06\u592b\u5987\u5173\u7cfb\u7eb3\u5165\u4e94\u4f26\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u51fb\uff1a\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u56db\u4f26\u5168\u90fd\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u7537\u6027\u4e0e\u7537\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u2014\u2014\u541b\u81e3\u3001\u7236\u5b50\u3001\u5144\u5f1f\u548c\u670b\u53cb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5f02\u6027\u604b\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u4e3a\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u6027\u4ea4\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u5927\u591a\u90fd\u662f\u53cc\u6027\u604b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u5f02\u6027\u604b\u8005\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4e3a\u8bf4\u660e\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u9886\u57df\u7684\u9634\u9633\u4ea4\u5408\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u5e94\u8be5\u4e3a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7559\u4e0b\u4e9b\u8bb8\u4f59\u5730\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u6bd4\u5f02\u6027\u604b\u5c0f\u5f97\u591a\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u9634\u529b\u6216\u8005\u9633\u529b\u4e4b\u6781\u81f4\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u663e\u73b0\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\uff0c\u5f53\u9634\u9633\u4e8c\u529b\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u529b\u4e0a\u5347\u5230\u5176\u5dc5\u5cf0\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u529b\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u524a\u5f31\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f7b\u5e95\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5f02\u6027\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u987a\u4ece\u3001\u67d4\u5f31\u3001\u5a07\u5a9a\u7b49\u5973\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5728\u5f02\u6027\u4ea4\u5abe\u4e4b\u5916\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u9634\u9633\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u6240\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4ee5\u9634\u9633\u4e8c\u5206\u6cd5\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u9645\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u6307\u660e\u9634\u4e0e\u9633\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u7edd\u5bf9\u5404\u81ea\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9634\u9633\u4e8c\u5206\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u53d8\u52a8\u4e0d\u5c45\u7684\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn43\" name=\"_ftnref43\">[43]<\/a>\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u80fd\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u9634\u9633\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u5728\u5de6\u53f3\u624b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53f3\u624b\uff0c\u5de6\u624b\u4e3a\u9633\uff1b\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u53cc\u624b\u653e\u677e\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u53cc\u624b\u9ad8\u4e3e\u4e3a\u9633\uff1b\u53cc\u624b\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u51c9\u8005\u4e3a\u9634\uff0c\u70ed\u8005\u4e3a\u9633\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn44\" name=\"_ftnref44\">[44]<\/a>\u5bf9\u9634\u4e0e\u9633\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u89c6\u53c2\u7167\u5bf9\u8c61\u800c\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9634\u2014\u9633\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e0e\u7537\u2014\u5973\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u7537\u4eba\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5973\u4eba\u53cd\u800c\u4e3a\u9633\u3002\u8463\u4ef2\u8212\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u541b\u4e3a\u9633\uff0c\u81e3\u4e3a\u9634\uff0c\u7236\u4e3a\u9633\uff0c\u5b50\u4e3a\u9634\uff0c\u592b\u4e3a\u9633\uff0c\u59bb\u4e3a\u9634\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn45\" name=\"_ftnref45\">[45]<\/a> \u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u9634\u9633\u5143\u7d20\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u793e\u4f1a\u7b49\u7ea7\u7279\u6027\u800c\u8fdb\u5165\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\uff1a\u541b\u4e3b\u4e3a\u9633\uff0c\u7fa4\u81e3\u4e3a\u9634\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn46\" name=\"_ftnref46\">[46]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u6709\u4eba\u5fc3\u5b58\u7591\u8651\u800c\u8868\u793a\u6297\u8bae\uff1a\u53e4\u5178\u6587\u672c\u5bf9\u7537\u5973\u4ea4\u5abe\u6709\u7740\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u9633\u7980\u9634\u53d7\uff1b\u96cc\u96c4\u76f8\u987b\u3002\u987b\u4ee5\u9020\u5316\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn47\" name=\"_ftnref47\">[47]<\/a>\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u5929\u5730\u4e4b\u6c14\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u96cc\u96c4\u4ea4\u5abe\u4f5c\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u751f\u547d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u4fbf\u6709\u4e86\u5b87\u5b99\u610f\u4e49\u4e0e\u795e\u5723\u6027\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5929\u5b50\u4e0e\u7687\u540e\u7684\u5a5a\u914d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7537\u5973\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u5178\u8303\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u793c\u4eea\u6781\u5176\u5a01\u4e25\u7684\u5927\u4e8b\u3002\u4e3a\u786e\u4fdd\u9634\u9633\u4ea4\u5408\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u6027\u7231\u624b\u518c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u51fa\u73b0\u5f97\u5f88\u65e9\uff0c\u300a\u6c49\u4e66\u00b7\u827a\u6587\u5fd7\u300b\u4e2d\u8457\u5f55\u201c\u623f\u4e2d\u672f\u201d\u5171\u6709\u516b\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8fd9\u6bb5\u5f15\u6587\u51fa\u81ea\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u90e8\u6ca1\u6709\u5f55\u5165\u300a\u827a\u6587\u5fd7\u300b\u7684\u6027\u7231\u624b\u518c\u300a\u7d20\u5973\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c<a href=\"#_ftn48\" name=\"_ftnref48\">[48]<\/a>\u5b83\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5f02\u6027\u4ea4\u5abe\u4e0e\u9634\u9633\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u9633\u5f97\u9634\u800c\u5316\uff0c\u9634\u5f97\u9633\u800c\u901a\u3002\u4e00\u9634\u4e00\u9633\uff0c\u76f8\u987b\u800c\u884c\u3002\u6545\u7537\u611f\u575a\u5f3a\uff0c\u5973\u52a8\u8f9f\u5f20\u3002\u4e8c\u6c14\u4ea4\u7cbe\uff0c\u6d41\u6db2\u76f8\u901a\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn49\" name=\"_ftnref49\">[49]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6027\u7231\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\uff0c\u9634\u9633\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u72b6\u6001\u7b80\u5355\u8bf4\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4ea4\u5abe\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7537\u5973\u53cc\u65b9\u5206\u6ccc\u7684\u6027\u6db2\u4e4b\u9002\u5f53\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u6027\u672f\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u7537\u6027\u7684\u5ef6\u5e74\u76ca\u5bff\u4e0e\u4f18\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7537\u6027\u5ef6\u5e74\u76ca\u5bff\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u91c7\u9634\u672f\u201d\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6b64\u672f\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7537\u6027\u5728\u6027\u4ea4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5fcd\u7cbe\u4e0d\u6cc4\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6c72\u53d6\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\u6240\u6d41\u51fa\u7684\u4f53\u6db2\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u5728\u6027\u4ea4\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8981\u52aa\u529b\u5c06\u628a\u9634\u830e\u52c3\u8d77\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u957f\u6570\u500d\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5c04\u7cbe\u548c\u8bf1\u53d1\u5973\u6027\u9ad8\u6f6e\u8fed\u8d77\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7537\u5b50\u80fd\u591f\u4e00\u591c\u5fa1\u5341\u5973\u800c\u53c8\u4e0d\u6388\u7cbe\u5b55\u5b50\uff0c\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5973\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u5341\u56db\u81f3\u5341\u4e5d\u5c81\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5999\u9f84\u5c11\u5973\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u518d\u597d\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4e86\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn50\" name=\"_ftnref50\">[50]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4f18\u751f\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5929\u5b50\u4e0e\u7687\u540e\u7684\u4ea4\u5abe\u6240\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u770b\u51fa\u3002\u5929\u5b50\u4ea4\u5abe\u7684\u9891\u7387\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\u90fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728\u518c\uff0c\u5185\u5bab\u5973\u53f2\u4f1a\u76ee\u51fb\u4f5c\u8bc1\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5929\u5b50\u4e0e\u5983\u5ad4\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u5929\u5b50\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u4ed6\u6bcf\u6708\u4e2d\u7cbe\u529b\u6700\u65fa\u76db\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e0e\u7687\u540e\u4f8b\u884c\u623f\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u8981\u4e0e\u8bf8\u4f4d\u5983\u5ad4\u9891\u7e41\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u96e8\u9732\u5747\u6cbe\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn51\" name=\"_ftnref51\">[51]<\/a>\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5bfb\u5e38\u767e\u59d3\uff0c\u5176\u4e24\u6027\u4ea4\u5408\u548c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u62e9\u65f6\u800c\u884c\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u9634\u9633\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u8282\u5f8b\u3002\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u7e41\u9732\u300b\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u4ee5\u7cbe\u81f4\u7684\u9634\u9633\u5b87\u5b99\u8bba\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u7ecf\u5178\uff0c\u5b83\u8c08\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u4f7f\u7537\u5b50\u4e0d\u575a\u7261\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bb6\u5ba4\uff0c\u9634\u4e0d\u6781\u76db\uff0c\u4e0d\u76f8\u63a5\u2026\u2026\u5929\u6c14\u5148\u76db\u7261\u800c\u540e\u65bd\u7cbe\uff0c\u6545\u5176\u7cbe\u56fa\uff0c\u5730\u6c14\u76db\u725d\u800c\u540e\u5316\uff0c\u6545\u5176\u5316\u826f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn52\" name=\"_ftnref52\">[52]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f02\u6027\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e24\u5927\u7406\u7531\u5e76\u4e0d\u53cd\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u7531\u5373\u5ef6\u5e74\u76ca\u5bff\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\u201c\u91c7\u9634\u201d\u4e4b\u672f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u91c7\u9634\u672f\u628a\u5973\u6027\u7684\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u7269\u5316\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\u800c\u52a0\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u4e3a\u7537\u6027\u5ef6\u5e74\u76ca\u5bff\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7537\u5973\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u5f3a\u8c03\u53cc\u65b9\u5747\u6709\u4e92\u60e0\u4e4b\u8d23\uff0c\u4e92\u60e0\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6839\u636e\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u300b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e08\u592b\u5177\u6709\u4e0e\u59be\u4e94\u65e5\u4e00\u4ea4\u7684\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5176\u59be\u5e74\u6ee1\u4e94\u65ec\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn53\" name=\"_ftnref53\">[53]<\/a>\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u300b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u4e08\u592b\u6709\u5e78\u59be\u4e4b\u804c\u8d23\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0e\u7e41\u884d\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u56db\u5341\u5c81\u4ee5\u540e\u5c31\u4f1a\u6025\u5267\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u8fd9\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u5bb6\u5ead\u77db\u76fe\u3001\u675c\u7edd\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u4e13\u623f\u4e4b\u5ba0\u3001\u9632\u6b62\u901a\u5978\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u611f\u60c5\u3001\u52a0\u56fa\u5a5a\u59fb\u7ebd\u5e26\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u800c\u77e5\u3002\u4f46\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u59be\uff0c\u4e08\u592b\u4e5f\u8981\u5c0a\u91cd\u5176\u5979\u7684\u6027\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ecb\u8865\u7537\u6027\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5b5f\u5b50\u66fe\u544a\u8beb\u4eba\u8981\u8282\u5236\u6b32\u671b\uff1a\u201c\u517b\u5fc3\u83ab\u5584\u4e8e\u5be1\u6b32\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u5c3d\u5fc3\u4e0b\u300b\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u544a\u8beb\u7406\u5e94\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8282\u5236\u6027\u6b32\uff0c\u529d\u4eba\u4e0d\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u201c\u91c7\u9634\u201d\u7684\u6027\u7231\u72c2\u6b22\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u5bf9\u5112\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4f55\u5173\u6ce8\u4eba\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u5c24\u5176\u611f\u5230\u5403\u60ca\u3002\u4e0e\u9053\u5bb6\u5173\u6ce8\u4eba\u7684\u8089\u8eab\u4e4b\u957f\u5bff\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u5fb7\u3001\u7acb\u8eab\u3001\u7acb\u8a00\u6765\u8ffd\u6c42\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u673d\u6027\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn54\" name=\"_ftnref54\">[54]<\/a>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f02\u6027\u4ea4\u5abe\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u957f\u5bff\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u5112\u5bb6\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u627f\u8ba4\u4eba\u7686\u6709\u7537\u5973\u6b22\u7231\u7684\u6b32\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u80fd\u4e0d\u8868\u660e\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u62d2\u65a5\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u53cc\u6027\u604b\u8005\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u201c\u91c7\u9634\u201d\u4e4b\u8bf4\u4e5f\u5141\u8bb8\u628a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u6027\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4e8c\u7537\u4ea4\u63a5\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81f4\u4f7f\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u9633\u7cbe\u6709\u6240\u635f\u76ca\uff1b\u800c\u5973\u6027\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u9634\u7cbe\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u91cf\u7684\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5bb9\u8bb8\u7684\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn55\" name=\"_ftnref55\">[55]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5c31\u4f18\u751f\u8981\u6c42\u5f02\u6027\u4ea4\u5abe\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\uff0c\u7e41\u884d\u540e\u4ee3\u4e43\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u5173\u6000\u3002\u201c\u4e0d\u5b5d\u6709\u4e09\uff0c\u65e0\u540e\u4e3a\u5927\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u79bb\u5a04\u4e0a\u300b\uff09\u4f46\u53cc\u6027\u604b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u660e\u540c\u6027\u604b\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u540c\u6027\u604b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5f02\u6027\u4ea4\u5408\u7684\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u9891\u7e41\u7684\u5f02\u6027\u4ea4\u5abe\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7537\u6027\u5f3a\u7cbe\u58ee\u9633\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u6027\u4ea4\u63a5\u5219\u8d77\u5230\u538b\u529b\u91ca\u653e\uff08stress relief\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5f02\u6027\u4ea4\u5408\u5bf9\u7537\u6027\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u538b\u529b\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u60f3\u4e4b\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4ea4\u5abe\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8981\u6c42\u7537\u6027\u968f\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u8b66\u60d5\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u6cc4\u7cbe\uff0c\u529b\u56fe\u628a\u9634\u830e\u52c3\u8d77\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5ef6\u957f\u6570\u500d\u3002\u800c\u538b\u529b\u91ca\u653e\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7537\u6027\u7684\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u5f3a\u751f\u6b96\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u7e41\u9732\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f18\u751f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5e76\u975e\u6027\u4ea4\u7684\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u5e94\u65f6\u800c\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u987a\u5e94\u9634\u9633\u5f8b\u52a8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e5f\u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u59a8\u788d\u5f02\u6027\u4ea4\u5abe\u7684\u65f6\u673a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u975e\u53cc\u6027\u604b\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u548c\u59bb\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u65e0\u751f\u80b2\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u592b\u5987\u4e4b\u5217\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u9020\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e0d\u5b55\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f11\u5f03\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u80b2\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u540c\u59bb\u5b50\u4ea4\u6b22\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u4e0d\u5305\u5bb9\u53ea\u504f\u7231\u540c\u6027\uff08\u800c\u5bf9\u5f02\u6027\u5168\u65e0\u5174\u8da3\uff09\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u4f18\u751f\u8fd9\u4e00\u62d2\u65a5\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u7406\u7531\u53ef\u7531\u6b64\u6452\u5f03\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u6027\u522b<\/p>\n<p>\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u8fa8\u662f\u7ef4\u6301\u5112\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u652f\u67f1\u3002\u201c\u8fa8\u201d\u662f\u592b\u5987\u4e4b\u4f26\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u6ed5\u6587\u516c\u4e0a\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u8ba4\u4e3a\u80fd\u8fa8\u800c\u53c8\u5c0a\u8fa8\u4e43\u662f\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e3a\u4eba\u7684\u672c\u80fd\uff08\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u975e\u76f8\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8340\u5b50\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u8fa8\u201d\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5c31\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0e\u5730\u4f4d\u6765\u4e3a\u4e4b\u5236\u5b9a\u540d\u5206\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u4fdd\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u8c10\u7a33\u5b9a\uff08\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u975e\u76f8\u300b\uff09\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u8fa8\uff08\u6216\u8005\u5206\uff09\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u9884\u671f\u548c\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u8fa9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5916\u4e4b\u522b\u4e0e\u9634\u9633\u4e8c\u5206\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9634\u9633\u4e0e\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0a\u6587\u5df2\u7ecf\u9610\u8ff0\u8fc7\u4e86\uff1b\u5185\u5916\u4e4b\u522b\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u8bf4\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u7537\u5973\u5206\u5de5\uff0c\u5373\u7537\u6027\u8d1f\u8d23\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u5973\u6027\u8d1f\u8d23\u5bb6\u5ead\u5185\u90e8\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u5de5\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5973\u4eba\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u627f\u62c5\u629a\u8001\u80b2\u5e7c\u3001\u64cd\u6301\u5bb6\u52a1\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u800c\u7537\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u5bb6\u4e4b\u957f\uff0c\u5219\u4ece\u4e8b\u653f\u52a1\u3001\u519c\u52a1\u3001\u5546\u52a1\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u6ed5\u6587\u516c\u4e0b\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6ed5\u6587\u516c\u4e0b\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e07\u7ae0\u4e0a\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e07\u7ae0\u4e0b\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5c3d\u5fc3\u4e0a\u300b\uff09\u3002\u5185\u5916\u4e4b\u522b\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5bb6\u5ead\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u8eab\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7537\u5973\u540c\u5904\u4e00\u5ba4\u5219\u6388\u53d7\u4e0d\u4eb2\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u7537\u5973\u6388\u53d7\u4e0d\u4eb2\u5927\u6982\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u6deb\u4e71\uff08\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u5929\u8bba\u300b\uff09\u3002\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u8fa8\u65e2\u4f53\u73b0\u5185\u5916\u4e92\u8865\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u6709\u7537\u5973\u5c0a\u5351\u4e4b\u522b\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u6ed5\u6587\u516c\u4e0b\u300b\uff09\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn56\" name=\"_ftnref56\">[56]<\/a>\u786e\u4fdd\u59bb\u5b50\u5bf9\u4e08\u592b\u3001\u5973\u6027\u5bf9\u7537\u6027\u7684\u7684\u8d1e\u987a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7537\u5973\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u804c\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u4e24\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u8eab\u4f53\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4fdd\u969c\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Geng Song\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7ed9\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u522b\u7ed3\u6784\u9020\u6210\u4efb\u4f55\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u201c\u6743\u8d35\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5a08\u7ae5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7b49\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u52a0\u5f3a\u9634\u9633\u6216\u7537\u5973\u4e24\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn57\" name=\"_ftnref57\">[57]<\/a>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0cGeng Song\u7ed3\u8bba\u5374\u672a\u77e5\u53ef\u5426\u3002\u4ed6\u6025\u4e8e\u5047\u5b9a\u5177\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u7b49\u7ea7\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5173\u7cfb\u8ddf\u9634\u9633\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u9634\u9633\u5fc5\u5b9a\u6d89\u53ca\u4e00\u7537\u4e00\u5973\u3002\u7136\u800c\u201c\u9634\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u5973\u6027\uff1b\u7236\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u7b49\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u4e0e\u9634\u9633\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u53cc\u65b9\u5374\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5973\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u62c5\u5fc3\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4f1a\u6270\u4e71\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u8fa8\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u6027\u522b\u7ed3\u6784\u9020\u6210\u5a01\u80c1\uff1f\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u7531\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5173\u4e4e\u7537\u6027\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u3001\u5916\u8c8c\u548c\u6027\u522b\u4e0a\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u6027\u522b\u6df7\u4e71\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u6709\u6240\u4fdd\u7559\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u8fa8\u5e76\u975e\u6ca1\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u6027\uff0c\u53cc\u6027\u6027\u683c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4ea6\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u770b\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u5916\u8c8c\u4e0a\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5316\u3002\u7537\u5973\u7686\u4e3a\u4e4b\u503e\u5012\u7684\u7f8e\u7537\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u5f62\u8c61\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u523b\u753b\u4e3a\u8eab\u7740\u5987\u9970\u3001\u4e3e\u6b62\u59a9\u5a9a\uff08\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u975e\u76f8\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u4e71\u4e16\u4e4b\u5f81\uff1a\u5176\u670d\u7ec4\uff0c\u5176\u5bb9\u5987\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u4e50\u8bba\u300b\uff09\u3002\u62c5\u5fc3\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4f1a\u6270\u4e71\u6027\u522b\u5212\u5206\u7684\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u8d44\u6e90\u4ee5\u5916\u5bfb\u627e\u8bba\u8ff0\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u6f14\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn58\" name=\"_ftnref58\">[58]<\/a>\u6839\u636e\u53cd\u6f14\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f1a\u6df1\u5207\u5730\u8ba4\u540c\u4e0e\u4ed6\/\u5979\u6027\u522b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u7236\u65b9\u6216\u6bcd\u65b9\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u7656\u597d\u4e0e\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u4ea7\u751f\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u4fbf\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\uff0c\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u90fd\u5bcc\u6709\u7537\u5b50\u6c14\u6982\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn59\" name=\"_ftnref59\">[59]<\/a>\u8fd9\u79cd\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u4fe1\u4f17\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ee5\u79d1\u5b66\u6765\u4e3a\u4e4b\u4f5c\u8bc1\u3002\u8111\u90e8\u626b\u63cf\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u7684\u5927\u8111\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u5973\u5f02\u6027\u604b\u8005\u66f4\u52a0\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de6\u53f3\u8111\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u9ad8\u4e8e\u7537\u5f02\u6027\u604b\u8005\u548c\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u8fde\u63a5\u5de6\u53f3\u8111\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6570\u91cf\u6781\u5176\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn60\" name=\"_ftnref60\">[60]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u8111\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u662f\u53cd\u6f14\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u4e0e\u5973\u6027\u6c14\u8d28\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u8be5\u9053\u7406\u8005\u662f\u628a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u7ed3\u6784\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5973\u6027\u6c14\u8d28\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u7406\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f55\u4e3a\u5973\u6027\u6c14\u8d28\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u6e29\u5a49\u542b\u84c4\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u65f6\u4ee3\u5973\u6027\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6c14\u8d28\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u4ee3\u7f8e\u56fd\u5973\u6027\u7684\u5076\u50cf\u5374\u662f\u6027\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u78a7\u6602\u65af\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u54ea\u79cd\u5973\u6027\u7279\u8d28\u624d\u662f\u8111\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8ba4\u5b9a\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7406\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5973\u6027\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5973\u6027\u6c14\u8d28\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5973\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u4e1d\u6beb\u6ca1\u6709\u5973\u4eba\u5473\u3002\u5973\u6027\u7684\u751f\u7406\u7279\u6027\u7edd\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5973\u6027\u6c14\u8d28\u3002\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u548c\u5973\u5f02\u6027\u604b\u8005\u5728\u751f\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ea\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u5bf9\u7537\u6027\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8111\u90e8\u626b\u63cf\u7814\u7a76\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u5177\u6709\u5973\u6027\u6c14\u8d28\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u6f14\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u72af\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5b83\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u5373\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7537\u5b69\u8eab\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u4ed6\u6bcd\u4eb2\u7684\u6027\u683c\u7279\u70b9\u63a8\u51fa\u4ed6\u5177\u6709\u5973\u6027\u6c14\u8d28\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63a8\u8bba\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u5c06\u67d0\u4e2a\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u683c\u8fd8\u539f\u6210\u5973\u6027\u7684\u6c14\u8d28\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u6682\u4e14\u4e0d\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65e0\u6548\u63a8\u8bba\uff0c\u53cd\u6f14\u7406\u8bba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a2\u7d22\u6027\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u8eab\u4e0a\u6709\u5973\u6027\u6c14\u8d28\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u7684\u523b\u677f\u5370\u8c61\u2014\u2014\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u7684\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u548c\u5973\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u7684\u9633\u521a\u4e4b\u6c14\u2014\u2014\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u6000\u7591\u7684\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn61\" name=\"_ftnref61\">[61]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u4ed4\u7ec6\u770b\u770b\u4e0a\u6587\u4ece\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u300b\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ae0\u53e5\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u5112\u5bb6\u76f8\u4fe1\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4e0e\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u5973\u6027\u6c14\u8d28\u6709\u5173\u3002\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e24\u53e5\u8bdd\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u80a1\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7f8e\u7537\u4e4b\u98ce\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u5316\u7684\u7f8e\u7537\u4e4b\u98ce\u7684\u786e\u5a01\u80c1\u5230\u4e86\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u8fa8\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u98ce\u6c14\u5374\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5c31\u548c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u6709\u5173\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u572817\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5bab\u5ef7\u4e2d\u7684\u7537\u7537\u5973\u5973\u90fd\u4f1a\u5316\u5986\uff0c\u800c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5bab\u5ef7\u5219\u7537\u5973\u7686\u6251\u53d1\u7c89\u6216\u6234\u5047\u53d1\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u7531\u6b64\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u76db\u884c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u672c\u4eba\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u5316\u7684\u7f8e\u7537\u4e4b\u98ce\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u5e76\u4e0d\u9488\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5316\u5417\uff1f\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4e0e\u9e21\u5978\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u9e21\u5978\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u65b9\u662f\u201c\u88ab\u63d2\u5165\u65b9\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5973\u6027\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u8c08\u5230\u5927\u7537\u5b50\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u76ee\u524d\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6240\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bf8\u5982\u618e\u6076\u540c\u6027\u604b\u3001\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u7684\u6027\u4fb5\u72af\u4e0e\u6027\u5f81\u670d\u7b49\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn62\" name=\"_ftnref62\">[62]<\/a>\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7acb\u573a\u770b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7537\u58eb\u5982\u679c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5927\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u754c\u5b9a\u5c31\u662f\u5a18\u5a18\u8154\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5112\u5bb6\u4e5f\u6301\u4e0e\u5927\u7537\u5b50\u6c14\u6982\u3001\u9e21\u5978\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5112\u5bb6\u5c31\u4f1a\u628a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5316\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5316\u4e0e\u9e21\u5978\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u6b63\u53f2\u548c\u6027\u7231\u624b\u518c\u4e2d\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u628a\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5316\u4e0e\u9e21\u5978\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u5112\u5bb6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5112\u5bb6\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\u662f\u4fdd\u6301\u6c89\u9ed8\u7684\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn63\" name=\"_ftnref63\">[63]<\/a>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9e21\u5978\u662f\u5426\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7537\u4eba\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u662f\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u9e21\u5978\u884c\u4e3a\u6240\u8868\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u201c\u88ab\u63d2\u5165\u65b9\u201d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u53d7\u52a8\u7684\u3001\u5351\u4e0b\u7684\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u5f53\u505a\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u63d2\u5165\u65b9\u201d\u5219\u6709\u7740\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u5927\u7537\u5b50\u6c14\u6982\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6697\u793a\u7740\u4ed6\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ec6\u4ece\u4e8e\u4ed6\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u8003\u91cf\u9e21\u5978\u4e4b\u4e8e\u5927\u7537\u5b50\u6c14\u6982\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff1f\u5728\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f34\u4fa3\u8f6e\u6d41\u4e92\u4e3a\u201c\u63d2\u5165\u65b9\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u88ab\u63d2\u5165\u65b9\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u89c6\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u9e21\u5978\u884c\u4e3a\u6240\u5973\u6027\u5316\u5417\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5018\u82e5\u6709\u4eba\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7537\u4eba\u56e0\u4e3a\u5145\u5f53\u4e86\u201c\u88ab\u63d2\u5165\u65b9\u201d\u800c\u88ab\u5973\u6027\u5316\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4f1a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7537\u4eba\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4fdd\u7559\u6709\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c2\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7537\u6027\u7279\u6743\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5145\u5f53\u201c\u88ab\u63d2\u5165\u65b9\u201d\u800c\u5f97\u4ee5\u52a0\u5b98\u8fdb\u7235\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u4ed6\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u88ab\u5973\u6027\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u4e5f\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u7537\u5973\u5185\u5916\u4e4b\u522b\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u95fa\u623f\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u516c\u5171\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c31\u7b97\u628a\u88ab\u5973\u6027\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u7537\u4eba\u7981\u8db3\u4e8e\u95fa\u9601\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u5112\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5927\u4e08\u592b\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u7537\u4eba\u8981\u618e\u6076\u540c\u6027\u604b\u6216\u8005\u5bf9\u5973\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u6027\u4fb5\u72af\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn64\" name=\"_ftnref64\">[64]<\/a>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u5e76\u4e0d\u6307\u5411\u6027\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u6839\u636e\u97e9\u732e\u535a\uff08Bret Hinsch\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u5927\u4e08\u592b\u201d\u662f\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u516c\u5171\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u957f\u671f\u8868\u73b0\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u8bc4\u4ef7\u201d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn65\" name=\"_ftnref65\">[65]<\/a>\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u5927\u4e08\u592b\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5c31\u8981\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5112\u8005\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5faa\u793c\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u62c5\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u5e76\u4fee\u517b\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5fb7\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u5185\u5723\u5916\u738b\u4e0e\u6cbb\u56fd\u5e73\u5929\u4e0b\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5927\u4e08\u592b\u6c14\u9b44\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e3a\u4eba\u6c11\u5e26\u6765\u592a\u5e73\u4e0e\u798f\u5229\u3002\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u60f3\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6587\u6cbb\u8fd8\u662f\u6b66\u529f\u5374\u5e76\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u624b\u65e0\u7f1a\u9e21\u4e4b\u529b\u7684\u6587\u81e3\u53ef\u4e0e\u5f92\u624b\u64d2\u864e\u7684\u6b66\u5c06\u540c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5927\u4e08\u592b\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5927\u4e08\u592b\u53ea\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fb7\u6027\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u4e0e\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u5927\u4e08\u592b\u4e0e\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5927\u4e08\u592b\u4e2d\u7684\u5076\u50cf\u4eba\u7269\u2014\u2014\u541b\u738b\u3001\u6b66\u5c06\u3001\u6587\u81e3\u2014\u2014\u53c2\u4e0e\u540c\u6027\u604b\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u8bf4\u540c\u6027\u604b\u884c\u4e3a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5176\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u884c\u4e3a\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6027\u522b\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7537\u6027\u5728\u5916\u8c8c\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u7537\u5973\u4e4b\u522b\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u800c\u8981\u5145\u5206\u4f30\u91cf\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u8fa8\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u2014\u2014\u7537\u5973\u4e0d\u5206\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u754c\u9650\u80fd\u628a\u7537\u5973\u4e4b\u522b\u4e0e\u7537\u5973\u4e0d\u5206\u533a\u522b\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u4e92\u517c\u5bb9\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u6216\u4e3a\u7537\uff0c\u6216\u4e3a\u5973\uff0c\u6216\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u6b8a\u8eab\u4efd\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5fb7\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u6027\u522b\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u540c\u7b49\u5730\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5fb7\u6027\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u5206\u7537\u5973\u7684\u3001\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e0e\u5927\u7537\u5b50\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4ee5\u623e\u62a5\u6028\u4e4b\u52c7\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ee5\u9053\u5fb7\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u4ee5\u76f4\u62a5\u6028\u4e4b\u52c7\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u81f3\u9ad8\u81f3\u5584\u4e4b\u52c7\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7537\u6027\u3001\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5973\u6027\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u516c\u5b59\u4e11\u4e0a\u300b\uff09\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u4ec1\u3001\u4e49\u3001\u793c\u3001\u667a\u56db\u5fb7\u90fd\u662f\u7537\u5973\u4e24\u6027\u90fd\u9002\u7528\u7684\u3002\u6beb\u4e0d\u5938\u5f20\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4eba\u683c\u5177\u6709\u521a\u67d4\u5e76\u6d4e\u3001\u9634\u9633\u517c\u84c4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn66\" name=\"_ftnref66\">[66]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u5fb7\u6027\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u4e5f\u8d5e\u540c\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u666e\u904d\u7684\u6216\u8005\u4e24\u6027\u7686\u53ef\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u666e\u904d\u4eba\u6027\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b5f\u5b50\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u5728\u98df\u5473\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u548c\u7f8e\u8272\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u55dc\u597d\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u5bb6\u55bb\u6237\u6653\u7684\u7f8e\u7537\u5b50\u89c6\u4e3a\u7f8e\u4eba\u4e4b\u5178\u8303\u3002\u201c\u7f8e\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u662f\u7537\u5973\u901a\u7528\u7684\u3002\u7f8e\u7537\u7531\u4e8e\u5177\u5907\u7f8e\u5973\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u2014\u2014\u808c\u80a4\u6e29\u6da6\u5982\u7f8e\u7389\uff0c<a href=\"#_ftn67\" name=\"_ftnref67\">[67]<\/a>\u6c14\u8d28\u660e\u5a9a\u82e5\u6625\u67f3\uff0c\u9762\u82e5\u51dd\u8102\uff0c\u76ee\u4f3c\u70b9\u6f06<a href=\"#_ftn68\" name=\"_ftnref68\">[68]<\/a>\u2014\u2014\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u79f0\u8d5e\u3002\u6309\u7167\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5ba1\u7f8e\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u70b9\u90fd\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u59a9\u5a9a\u4e4b\u6c14\uff0c\u4f46\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4eba\u5374\u672a\u5fc5\u8fd9\u6837\u770b\u3002\u59a9\u5a9a\u4e0e\u5426\u4e5f\u662f\u5177\u6709\u6587\u5316\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7f8e\u662f\u6027\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u7f8e\u5728\u7537\u5973\u4e24\u6027\u4e2d\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u80fd\u591f\u4e3a\u53cc\u6027\u604b\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u7684\u3001\u6216\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn69\" name=\"_ftnref69\">[69]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u5bb6\u5ead<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5bb6\u5ead\u8087\u7aef\u4e8e\u5a5a\u59fb\uff0c\u4ea6\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e8e\u5a5a\u59fb\uff0c\u6545\u5a5a\u793c\u88ab\u5c0a\u4e3a\u201c\u793c\u4e4b\u672c\u201d\uff08\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u660f\u4e49\u300b\uff09\u3001\u201c\u656c\u4e4b\u81f3\u201d\uff08\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u54c0\u516c\u95ee\u300b\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u660f\u793c\u8005\uff0c\u5c06\u5408\u4e8c\u59d3\u4e4b\u597d\uff0c\u4e0a\u4ee5\u4e8b\u5b97\u5e99\uff0c\u800c\u4e0b\u4ee5\u7ee7\u540e\u4e16\u4e5f\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u660f\u4e49\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u7537\u5973\u6709\u522b\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u592b\u5987\u6709\u4e49\uff1b\u592b\u5987\u6709\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u7236\u5b50\u6709\u4eb2\uff1b\u7236\u5b50\u6709\u4eb2\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u541b\u81e3\u6709\u6b63\u3002\u6545\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u660f\u793c\u8005\uff0c\u793c\u4e4b\u672c\u4e5f\u3002\u2019\u201d\uff08\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u660f\u4e49\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u6b64\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4f7f\u5a5a\u793c\u6210\u4e3a\u793c\u4e4b\u6839\u672c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u592b\u59bb\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5185\u5916\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5a5a\u59fb\u4f7f\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5f97\u4ee5\u6b63\u5e38\u53d1\u6325\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u796d\u7940\u5148\u7956\u3001\u4f20\u5b97\u63a5\u4ee3\u3001\u517b\u80b2\u540e\u4eba\u3002\u5bb6\u5ead\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u8c10\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4f1a\u5a01\u80c1\u5230\u5112\u5bb6\u5bb6\u5ead\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u53d1\u6325\u5417\uff1f\u4e4d\u4e00\u770b\u7684\u786e\u4f1a\u3002\u540c\u6027\u604b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u80fd\u7e41\u884d\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u800c\u6839\u636e\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u300b\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u6325\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u4f9d\u636e\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4e24\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4fe1\u6761\uff0c\u4ee5\u7537\u5973\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u540c\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u6761\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u53cc\u6027\u604b\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u7e41\u884d\u540e\u4ee3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u53cc\u6027\u604b\u548c\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u4e00\u592b\u591a\u59bb\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4ee5\u5f02\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5112\u5bb6\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f52\u5165\u7eb3\u59be\u6216\u901a\u5978\u4e4b\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u6240\u5bb9\u8bb8\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53cc\u6027\u604b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4f46\u5174\u8bb8\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u786e\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u662f\u4ee5\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5173\u7cfb\u88ab\u8fb9\u7f18\u5316\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u5e76\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u540c\u6027\u604b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5c0a\u4e25\u4e0e\u5408\u7406\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4ee5\u53cc\u6027\u604b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u540c\u6027\u604b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u9ed8\u8ba4\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u7edd\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5112\u5bb6\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7ef4\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8840\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5bc4\u6258\u4e2a\u4eba\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u6e2f\u6e7e\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u76f8\u4e92\u652f\u6301\u4e0e\u5949\u732e\u4e2d\u57f9\u80b2\u8eab\u5fc3\u3001\u5f7c\u6b64\u5173\u7231\u3001\u8c0b\u6c42\u751f\u8ba1\u7684\u573a\u57df\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5821\u5792\u5f97\u5230\u627f\u8ba4\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u592a\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u8981\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5ea7\u5821\u5792\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u505a\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\uff0c\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u8fa8\u53ef\u6709\u53ef\u65e0\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4f34\u4fa3\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u9075\u4ece\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u7e41\u80b2\u540e\u4ee3\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u975e\u6027\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u5bb6\u957f\u517b\u80b2\u5b69\u5b50\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u8fa8\u662f\u5c06\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7eb3\u5165\u5112\u5bb6\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u963b\u529b\uff0c\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u300b\u5341\u5206\u5f3a\u8c03\u5a5a\u59fb\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u7f8e\u6ee1\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u7537\u5973\u6709\u522b\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u592b\u5987\u6709\u4e49\u201d\uff08\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u660f\u4e49\u300b\uff09\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn70\" name=\"_ftnref70\">[70]<\/a>\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\uff0c\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u8fa8\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u5206\u5de5\u4e0e\u7b49\u7ea7\u7279\u6743\u7ed3\u6784\u5927\u6982\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u8c10\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5bf9\u5112\u5bb6\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u8fa8\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u63a8\u6d4b\u9700\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u6311\u6218\u3002\u52b3\u52a8\u5206\u5de5\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u6781\u5927\u5730\u53d1\u6325\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bba\u8c03\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6ca1\u5fc5\u8981\u628a\u52b3\u52a8\u5206\u5de5\u6620\u5c04\u4e3a\u5185\u5916\u4e4b\u522b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8981\u6c42\u592b\u59bb\u53cc\u65b9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5185\u6301\u5bb6\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5916\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u5185\u5916\u4e4b\u522b\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u592b\u59bb\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u5728\u516c\u5171\u751f\u6d3b\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u53c2\u52a0\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5bb6\u5ead\u5c31\u7edd\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5112\u5bb6\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u7b80\u76f4\u8352\u8c2c\u81f3\u6781\uff01\u629b\u5f00\u5185\u5916\u4e4b\u522b\u4e0d\u8c08\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4f34\u4fa3\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u6027\u683c\u3001\u5174\u8da3\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u5206\u914d\u5bb6\u5ead\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b49\u7ea7\u7279\u6743\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u7766\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6839\u636e\u53e4\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8340\u5b50\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u7b49\u7ea7\u5c0a\u5351\u548c\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u8fa8\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u548c\u8c10\uff0c\u4f46\u5386\u53f2\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u5b66\u8005\u529b\u4e3b\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u666e\u904d\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u5c0a\u91cd\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0e\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c<a href=\"#_ftn71\" name=\"_ftnref71\">[71]<\/a>\u5982\u679c\u7b49\u7ea7\u5dee\u522b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ef4\u62a4\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u7a33\u5b9a\u6ca1\u6709\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u7406\u7531\u4e3a\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u7684\u7537\u5973\u5c0a\u5351\u539f\u5219\u505a\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn72\" name=\"_ftnref72\">[72]<\/a>\u8981\u662f\u53d6\u7f14\u4e86\u7b49\u7ea7\u7279\u6743\u8fd9\u4e00\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c31\u80fd\u628a\u592b\u5987\u4e4b\u4f26\u4ece\u6027\u522b\u4e4b\u8fa8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e2d\u62bd\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u8003\u8651\u5112\u5bb6\u7528\u6765\u8c03\u8282\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u662f\u4e30\u5bcc\u591a\u6837\u7684\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u5a5a\u59fb\u9664\u4e86\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u4ece\u793c\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u5408\u4e4e\u6cd5\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5a5a\u59fb\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u3002\u201c\u8058\u5219\u4e3a\u59bb\uff0c\u5954\u5219\u4e3a\u59be\u201d\uff08\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u5185\u5219\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u4f7f\u5a5a\u59fb\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u6070\u5f53\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u201c\u7537\u5973\u5c45\u5ba4\uff0c\u4eba\u4e4b\u5927\u4f26\u4e5f\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u4e07\u7ae0\u4e0a\u300b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u592b\u5987\u4e4b\u4f26\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e94\u4f26\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u56db\u4f26\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u6325\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u8fd9\u56db\u4f26\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7236\u5b50\u4e4b\u4f26\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u5a5a\u793c\u80fd\u591f\u6298\u5c04\u51fa\u7236\u6bcd\u4e4b\u7231\u548c\u5b50\u5973\u4e4b\u5b5d\uff1a\u201c\u5ac1\u5973\u4e4b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e09\u591c\u4e0d\u606f\u70db\uff0c\u601d\u76f8\u79bb\u4e5f\u3002\u53d6\u5987\u4e4b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e09\u65e5\u4e0d\u4e3e\u4e50\uff0c\u601d\u55e3\u4eb2\u4e5f\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u66fe\u5b50\u95ee\u300b\uff09\u5f81\u5f97\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u5e94\u5141\u662f\u5a5a\u59fb\u6301\u4e45\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u7766\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\uff1a\u201c\u5b50\u751a\u5b9c\u5176\u59bb\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u4e0d\u8bf4\uff0c\u51fa\u3002\u5b50\u4e0d\u5b9c\u5176\u59bb\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u662f\u5584\u4e8b\u6211\u3002\u2019\u5b50\u884c\u592b\u5987\u4e4b\u793c\u7109\uff0c\u6ca1\u8eab\u4e0d\u8870\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u5185\u5219\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e5f\u5341\u5206\u8bb2\u7a76\u76f8\u4eb2\u76f8\u7231\uff0c\u5b5f\u5b50\u5c31\u6709\u201c\u6155\u59bb\u201d\u4e4b\u8bf4\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u4e07\u7ae0\u4e0a\u300b\uff09\u3002\u5a5a\u793c\u8c61\u5f81\u7740\u65b0\u90ce\u5bf9\u65b0\u5a18\u7684\u4eb2\u610f\u4e0e\u7231\u610f\uff1a\u201c\u5927\u660f\u65e2\u81f3\uff0c\u5195\u800c\u4eb2\u8fce\uff0c\u4eb2\u4eba\u4e5f\u3002\u4eb2\u4e4b\u4e5f\u8005\uff0c\u4eb2\u4e4b\u4e5f\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u54c0\u516c\u95ee\u300b\uff09\u867d\u7136\u53e4\u4eba\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ee5\u201c\u4eb2\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6155\u201d\u6765\u63cf\u7ed8\u7537\u5b50\u5bf9\u7236\u6bcd\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u7684\u4eb2\u7231\u4e4b\u60c5\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u544a\u5b50\u4e0b\u300b\u3001\u300a\u4e07\u7ae0\u4e0a\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7231\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5bf9\u59bb\u5b50\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u4e4b\u7231\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u7236\u4eb2\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u3001\u5144\u957f\u5bf9\u5f1f\u59b9\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e08\u592b\u5bf9\u59bb\u5b50\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u4f18\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u524d\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u4ec1\u7231\uff1b\u800c\u4e08\u592b\u5bf9\u59bb\u5b50\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u5374\u662f\u4eb2\u5bc6\u3001\u53cb\u7231\u3001\u540c\u5fc3\u540c\u5fb7\uff1a\u201c\u8bf7\u95ee\u4e3a\u4eba\u592b\uff1f\u66f0\uff1a\u81f4\u529f\u800c\u4e0d\u6d41\uff0c\u81f4\u4e34\u800c\u6709\u8fa8\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u541b\u9053\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u592b\u5987\u4e4b\u4eb2\u7231\u987b\u4ee5\u656c\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5a5a\u793c\u6240\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u656c\u4e0e\u4eb2\u3002\u76f8\u5f85\u4ee5\u656c\uff0c\u5219\u72ce\u6635\u4e0d\u5b58\uff0c\u201c\u662f\u6545\uff0c\u541b\u5b50\u5174\u656c\u4e3a\u4eb2\uff0c\u820d\u656c\uff0c\u662f\u9057\u4eb2\u4e5f\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u54c0\u516c\u95ee\u300b\uff09\u59bb\u5b50\u8981\u4e0e\u4e08\u592b\u540c\u4e3b\u5bb6\u65cf\u796d\u7940\u5927\u4e8b\uff0c\u6545\u7406\u5e94\u88ab\u656c\u4e3a\u4e08\u592b\u7684\u7ed3\u53d1\u4e4b\u4ea4\uff08\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u54c0\u516c\u95ee\u300b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u59bb\u5b50\u4e4b\u4eb2\u4e0e\u656c\u5fc5\u987b\u5408\u4e4e\u201c\u793c\u201d\uff0c\u65b9\u80fd\u8fbe\u4e4e\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e08\u592b\u8981\u4e3a\u5bb6\u4eba\u6811\u7acb\u4e49\u7684\u699c\u6837\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5305\u62ec\u59bb\u5b50\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5bb6\u4eba\u7686\u4f9d\u4e49\u800c\u884c\uff0c\u201c\u300a\u8bd7\u300b\u4e91\uff1a\u2018\u5211\u4e8e\u5be1\u59bb\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u5144\u5f1f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5fa1\u4e8e\u5bb6\u90a6\u3002\u2019\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u4e0a\u300b\uff09\u592b\u5fb7\u5728\u4e49\uff0c\u5987\u5fb7\u5728\u4ece\u3002\uff08\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u793c\u8fd0\u300b\uff09\u6545\u4e08\u592b\u5e94\u5f53\u611f\u5316\u5176\u59bb\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ee5\u6212\u5f8b\u5f3a\u4ee4\u4e4b\uff0c\u300a\u5468\u6613\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u54b8\u5366\u8c61\u592b\u5987\u4e4b\u5fb7\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u54b8\uff0c\u611f\u4e5f\uff0c\u4ee5\u9ad8\u4e0b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u7537\u4e0b\u5973\uff0c\u67d4\u4e0a\u800c\u521a\u4e0b\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u5927\u7565\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5112\u5bb6\u4ee5\u201c\u548c\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u6ee1\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u201c\u300a\u8bd7\u300b\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u59bb\u5b50\u597d\u5408\uff0c\u5982\u9f13\u745f\u7434\u3002\u2019\u201d\uff08\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u4e2d\u5eb8\u300b\uff09\u8b6c\u5982\u97f3\u4e50\uff0c\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e4b\u548c\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u4e8e\u592b\u5987\u53cc\u65b9\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u4e92\u52a8\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn73\" name=\"_ftnref73\">[73]<\/a>\u592b\u5987\u76f8\u548c\uff0c\u5176\u4e50\u81ea\u751f\uff08\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u5927\u7565\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u60c5\u6b32\u758f\u901a\uff0c\u6deb\u4e71\u81ea\u7edd\uff0c\u201c\u6545\u660f\u59fb\u4e4b\u793c\u5e9f\uff0c\u5219\u592b\u5987\u4e4b\u9053\u82e6\uff0c\u800c\u6deb\u8f9f\u4e4b\u7f6a\u591a\u77e3\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u7ecf\u89e3\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u4fe1\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u5728\u592b\u5987\u4e4b\u4f26\u4e2d\u4ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u3002\u201c\u4fe1\uff0c\u5987\u5fb7\u4e5f\u3002\u58f9\u4e0e\u4e4b\u9f50\uff0c\u7ec8\u8eab\u4e0d\u6539\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u6548\u7279\u7272\u300b\uff09\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e3a\u59bb\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u6276\u6301\u4e08\u592b\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u4e07\u7ae0\u4e0b\u300b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u9053\u5fb7\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u592b\u5fb7\u5c45\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u5987\u5fb7\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u987a\u4e0e\u4fe1\u3002\u5018\u82e5\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u53d6\u7f14\u4e86\u592b\u5987\u5c0a\u5351\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u8981\u6c42\u592b\u59bb\u53cc\u65b9\u90fd\u8981\u6811\u7acb\u8d77\u4eb2\u3001\u656c\u3001\u4fe1\u3001\u4e49\u3001\u611f\u3001\u7231\u3001\u548c\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1b\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u5ff5\u5374\u65e0\u4e00\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u4fee\u517b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5a5a\u59fb\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u540c\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u7e41\u6b96\u540e\u4ee3\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4f20\u5b97\u63a5\u4ee3\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b5d\u5fb7\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u751f\u80b2\u8db3\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u4f11\u59bb\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u613f\u505a\u5355\u8eab\u65cf\u6216\u4e01\u514b\u65cf\u5219\u66f4\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u9976\u6055\u7684\u7f6a\u8fc7\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u517b\u80b2\u5b50\u5973\u662f\u5bb6\u5ead\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0d\u5b55\u4e0d\u80b2\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\uff0c\u6536\u517b\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u5df1\u5b9e\u5728\u4e0d\u80fd\u751f\u80b2\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u662f\u4ece\u592b\u5bb6\u7684\u4eb2\u5144\u5f1f\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u8fd1\u4eb2\u90a3\u91cc\u8fc7\u7ee7\u5b50\u5973\u3002\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f53\u5916\u53d7\u7cbe\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u91c7\u53d6\u4ee3\u5b55\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5112\u5bb6\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u4f53\u5916\u53d7\u7cbe\u548c\u4ee3\u5b55\u8fd9\u4e9b\u505a\u6cd5\u5417\uff1f<a href=\"#_ftn74\" name=\"_ftnref74\">[74]<\/a>\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u4ed4\u7ec6\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5f88\u9057\u61be\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e9b\u505a\u6cd5\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d85\u51fa\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8bba\u57df\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4ec5\u5c31\u6b64\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u4eec\u62c5\u5fc3\u4f53\u5916\u53d7\u7cbe\u548c\u4ee3\u5b55\u4f1a\u5272\u88c2\u7236\u6bcd\u4e0e\u5b50\u5973\u4e4b\u95f4\u5929\u7136\u7684\u8840\u7f18\u7ebd\u5e26\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn75\" name=\"_ftnref75\">[75]<\/a>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5272\u88c2\u4ee4\u4eba\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u4f1a\u5265\u593a\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u751f\u8eab\u7236\u6bcd\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u5173\u7231\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4f24\u5bb3\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u540c\u6027\u5bb6\u957f\u5728\u517b\u80b2\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53ea\u80fd\u4e3a\u5b69\u5b50\u6811\u7acb\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u6027\u522b\u699c\u6837\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u4f1a\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u7f3a\u5c11\u6765\u81ea\u7236\u6bcd\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u522b\u7279\u5f81\u5bf9\u4ed6\/\u5979\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u7ecf\u5178\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62c5\u5fe7\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u540c\u59d3\u5bb6\u957f\u8fd9\u56de\u4e8b\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn76\" name=\"_ftnref76\">[76]<\/a>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62c5\u5fe7\u5e76\u975e\u6beb\u65e0\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u770b\u6765\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u591a\u4e48\u91cd\u8981\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u505a\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u7ecf\u5178\u975e\u5e38\u770b\u91cd\u4eb2\u5b50\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u300a\u5b5d\u7ecf\u300b\u9996\u7bc7\u5373\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u8eab\u4f53\u53d1\u80a4\uff0c\u53d7\u4e4b\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u4e0d\u6562\u6bc1\u4f24\uff0c\u5b5d\u4e4b\u59cb\u4e5f\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5b5d\u7ecf\u00b7\u5f00\u5b97\u660e\u4e49\u7ae0\u300b\uff09<a href=\"#_ftn77\" name=\"_ftnref77\">[77]<\/a>\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4eb2\u751f\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u9988\u8d60\uff0c\u5bf9\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u5b50\u5973\u5e94\u81f4\u4ee5\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u793c\u656c\u3002\u5b5f\u5b50\u4e5f\u8c08\u5230\u5b50\u5973\u5bf9\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u4e4b\u7231\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4e0d\u5b66\u800c\u80fd\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u826f\u80fd\u4e5f\uff1b\u6240\u4e0d\u8651\u800c\u77e5\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u826f\u77e5\u4e5f\u3002\u5b69\u63d0\u4e4b\u7ae5\uff0c\u65e0\u4e0d\u77e5\u7231\u5176\u4eb2\u8005\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u5c3d\u5fc3\u4e0a\u300b\uff09\u4f46\u5374\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce8\u660e\u5b69\u7ae5\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u672c\u80fd\u4e4b\u7231\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5bf9\u5176\u4eb2\u751f\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u5176\u517b\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u505a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u63a2\u8ba8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u59d1\u4e14\u5047\u5b9a\u8fd9\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u4eb2\u751f\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u7231\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u88ab\u4ece\u4eb2\u751f\u7236\u6bcd\u90a3\u91cc\u5e26\u8d70\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\/\u5979\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u672c\u80fd\u4e4b\u7231\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d7\u632b\u3002\u5c31\u7b97\u6401\u7f6e\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u628a\u7236\u6bcd\u4eb2\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u517b\u80b2\u5176\u4eb2\u751f\u5b50\u5973\u89c6\u4e3a\u5929\u7136\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u672c\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u80fd\u5408\u7406\u5730\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u7b49\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u751f\u8eab\u7236\u6bcd\u2014\u2014\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6700\u5148\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u6000\u5b55\uff0c\u5e76\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u76ee\u7779\u4e86\u6000\u5b55\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8bde\u4e0b\u5e7c\u5b50\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u2014\u2014\u65e0\u7591\u6bd4\u517b\u7236\u517b\u6bcd\u66f4\u60f3\u4e3a\u5b69\u5b50\u4e89\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e5f\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u79bb\u5f00\u4eb2\u751f\u7236\u6bcd\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9988\u8d60\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u517b\u80b2\u4e4b\u6069\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u770b\u6765\u4e5f\u662f\u610f\u4e49\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u66fe\u6307\u51fa\u201c\u5b50\u751f\u4e09\u5e74\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u514d\u4e8e\u7236\u6bcd\u4e4b\u6000\u201d\uff0c\u4e3a\u62a5\u7236\u6bcd\u517b\u80b2\u4e4b\u6069\uff0c\u4e27\u793c\u8981\u6c42\u5b50\u5973\u4e3a\u8fc7\u4e16\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u5b88\u4e27\u4e09\u5e74\uff08\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u9633\u8d27\u300b\uff09\u3002\u800c\u517b\u80b2\u4e4b\u6069\u662f\u517b\u7236\u6bcd\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u65bd\u4e88\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u3002\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u8840\u7f18\u7ebd\u5e26\u4f1a\u589e\u5f3a\u4eb2\u751f\u7236\u6bcd\u517b\u80b2\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e5f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5916\u90e8\u6761\u4ef6\u90fd\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u800c\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e8b\u90fd\u5728\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u5a5a\u59fb\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u4e0e\u6210\u719f\u3001\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u627f\u53d7\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u513f\u7ae5\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5f31\u5316\u8840\u7f18\u5728\u4eb2\u5b50\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u800c\u517b\u7236\u6bcd\u53cd\u800c\u6bd4\u4eb2\u751f\u7236\u6bcd\u66f4\u80fd\u5e26\u7ed9\u5b69\u5b50\u5173\u7231\u4e0e\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u4e0e\u517b\u7236\u6bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u66f4\u80fd\u5f62\u6210\u4eb2\u5b50\u4f9d\u604b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4eb2\u5b50\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u672c\u80fd\u4e4b\u7231\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8003\u5bdf\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u7236\u4e4b\u6b63\u59bb\u65b9\u80fd\u4e3a\u6bcd\uff0c\u5b50\u5973\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u8eab\u4efd\u4e3a\u59be\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u4f11\u7684\u751f\u6bcd\u4e3a\u6bcd\uff08\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u6a80\u5f13\u300b\uff09\uff1b\u552f\u6709\u8eab\u5c45\u6b63\u5ba4\u7684\u4e3b\u6bcd\u2014\u2014\u800c\u975e\u751f\u8eab\u4e4b\u6bcd\u2014\u2014\u624d\u914d\u4eab\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u81f3\u4e27\u4e4b\u793c\u548c\u5b5d\u9053\u804c\u8d23\u3002\u8840\u4eb2\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u4e0d\u88ab\u5112\u5bb6\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bb6\u5ead\u6216\u4eb2\u5b50\u5173\u7cfb\u4e4b\u529f\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6b63\u5e38\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8840\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u540c\u6027\u5bb6\u957f\u90a3\u91cc\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e27\u5931\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u540c\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u4eb2\u751f\u7236\u4eb2\u6216\u6bcd\u4eb2\uff0c\u66f4\u751a\u8005\uff0c\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4f34\u4fa3\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7cbe\u5b50\u6388\u5b55\u65f6\u4e3b\u52a8\u653e\u5f03\u83b7\u77e5\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e8c\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e2d\u8c01\u624d\u662f\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u4eb2\u751f\u7236\u4eb2\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c0a\u91cd\u8840\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\u4eec\u4e5f\u80fd\u5c31\u6b64\u628a\u5b55\u80b2\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u6216\u7236\u4eb2\u7eb3\u5165\u5230\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u517b\u80b2\u4e2d\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u5b69\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8840\u7f18\u4eb2\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6027\u522b\u7279\u5f81\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u771f\u7684\u4f1a\u59a8\u788d\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u5b69\u5b50\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u5417\uff1f\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8bda\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u521a\u67d4\u5e76\u6d4e\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4ef7\u503c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5112\u5bb6\u4eba\u683c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u5219\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u4e49\u4e3a\u7eb2\u3002\u540c\u6027\u5bb6\u5ead\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5bb6\u957f\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u7537\u6027\u8fd8\u662f\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u9053\u5fb7\u52c7\u6c14\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u5bf9\u7236\u6bcd\u6709\u8010\u5fc3\u3001\u7231\u6234\u7236\u6bcd\uff0c\u5e76\u575a\u5b9a\u800c\u8c26\u548c\u5730\u8ffd\u6c42\u9053\u4e49\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4e5f\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u5b9a\u9634\u9633\u4e4b\u8bf4\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5112\u5bb6\u6027\u522b\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u80fd\u63a8\u51fa\u540c\u6027\u5bb6\u957f\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u517b\u80b2\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9634\u9633\u5931\u8861\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u6587\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u9634\u4e0e\u9633\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5e74\u9f84\u3001\u5730\u4f4d\u6216\u7279\u5b9a\u4f26\u7406\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e3b\u8fd8\u662f\u4ece\u5c5e\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u5bb6\u5ead\u90fd\u4f1a\u636e\u6b64\u5b9a\u9634\u9633\u4e4b\u4f4d\u3002\u5047\u5982\u628a\u9634\u9633\u672c\u8d28\u8bba\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u7537\u5973\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u683c\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u6709\u9053\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7537\u5b50\u5f53\u521a\u6bc5\u6709\u51b3\uff0c\u5973\u5b50\u5f53\u6e29\u67d4\u8d1e\u987a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u5e94\u9053\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7279\u6709\u7684\u813e\u6c14\u6027\u683c\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u4eba\u751f\u62b1\u8d1f\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u8c03\u6574\u4ed6\/\u5979\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u6027\u522b\u4e2d\u5148\u5929\u7684\u9633\/\u9634\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u540c\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u6027\u522b\u6240\u7279\u6709\u7684\u6027\u683c\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b50\u5973\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u627e\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6027\u522b\u89c6\u89d2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u9634\u9633\u672c\u8d28\u8bba\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ea\u8981\u5176\u6210\u957f\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u52a0\u4ee5\u6291\u5236\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u5929\u751f\u7684\u6027\u522b\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff1b\u5018\u82e5\u9634\u9633\u672c\u8d28\u8bba\u662f\u9519\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62c5\u5fc3\u9634\u9633\u6027\u522b\u8bf4\u7684\u8bad\u5bfc\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e0d\u5229\u4e8e\u5b69\u5b50\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u4e4b\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5bb6\u5ead\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u3001\u6e38\u4e50\u573a\u548c\u5a92\u4f53\u4e2d\u2014\u2014\u627e\u5230\u5f15\u5bfc\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f62\u6210\u6027\u522b\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u8303\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b\u8005\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6709\u5927\u5bb6\u65cf\u5173\u7cfb\u7f51\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5bb6\u65cf\u805a\u4f1a\u9891\u7e41\uff0c\u5b69\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd1\u4eb2\u96c6\u7ed3\u7684\u573a\u6240\u4e2d\u5c55\u5f00\u6027\u522b\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u4ed6\/\u5979\u7684\u53d4\u53d4\u3001\u963f\u59e8\u6216\u8005\u8868\u54e5\u3001\u8868\u59d0\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4ed6\/\u5979\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4ee3\u7406\u201d\u5bb6\u957f\u3002\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u5b69\u5b50\u6709\u5176\u751f\u8eab\u7236\u4eb2\u6216\u6bcd\u4eb2\u90a3\u8fb9\u7684\u4eb2\u621a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u66f4\u597d\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u8bba\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8ba8\u8bba\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u540c\u6027\u5bb6\u957f\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bdd\u9898\u6240\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7ed3\u8bba\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u7262\u7262\u4ee5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6750\u6599\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f92\u5750\u4e66\u658b\uff0c\u51ed\u7a7a\u60f3\u8c61\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u8ba9\u7537\u540c\u548c\u5973\u540c\u5bb6\u957f\u5173\u6ce8\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u7b80\u62a5\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7537\/\u5973\u540c\u6027\u5bb6\u957f\u53ca\u5176\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u534f\u4f1a\uff08APA\uff09\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5065\u5eb7\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u4f9d\u636e\u80fd\u591f\u8868\u660e\u5bb6\u957f\u6548\u5e94\u4e0e\u5bb6\u957f\u7684\u6027\u522b\u53d6\u5411\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u4e3a\u5b69\u5b50\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u6210\u957f\u73af\u5883\u4e0a\uff0c\u7537\/\u5973\u540c\u5bb6\u957f\u548c\u5f02\u6027\u5bb6\u957f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u8282\u3001\u53d1\u5c55\u53ca\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u4e0e\u5bb6\u957f\u7684\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u7537\/\u5973\u540c\u6027\u5bb6\u957f\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4e5f\u8ddf\u5f02\u6027\u5bb6\u957f\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4e00\u6837\u80fd\u591f\u5065\u5eb7\u6210\u957f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn78\" name=\"_ftnref78\">[78]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u751a\u81f3\u5ba3\u79f0\u540c\u6027\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u6bd4\u5f02\u6027\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u66f4\u5e78\u798f\u3001\u66f4\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540c\u6027\u5bb6\u957f\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8d28\u91cf\u672c\u8eab\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u4fae\u8fb1\u4e0e\u8c34\u8d23\u53cd\u800c\u662f\u5b69\u5b50\u53d7\u5230\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn79\" name=\"_ftnref79\">[79]<\/a>\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u8bba\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bb6\u957f\u662f\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6977\u6a21\uff0c\u5bb6\u957f\u4e5f\u7ef4\u6301\u7740\u5bb6\u5ead\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u6052\u4ea7\u201d\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u6052\u5fc3\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u4e0a\u300b\uff09\uff1b\u6216\u8bb8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u513f\u79d1\u6559\u6388Benjamin Siegel\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5bf9\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u53cd\u9a73\uff1a\u201c\u5927\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u5bb6\u957f\u7684\u4eb2\u5b50\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u5bb6\u957f\u6559\u80b2\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u611f\u3001\u5bb6\u957f\u7ed9\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bb6\u5ead\u80fd\u591f\u5e26\u7ed9\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5bb6\u957f\u7684\u6027\u522b\u53d6\u5411\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn80\" name=\"_ftnref80\">[80]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u7ed3\u8bed<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u662f\u672c\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u3001\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5ba3\u5224\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4e4b\u7f6a\u6076\u7684\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u795e\u660e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9075\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u795e\u660e\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u61ff\u65e8\u3002\u800c\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4eba\u4eec\u8ffd\u6c42\u548c\u6ee1\u8db3\u81ea\u7136\u6b32\u671b\u4e4b\u4e50\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u4e4b\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u6055\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bb9\u8bb8\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u62c5\u5fe7\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e00\u5e94\u5bf9\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u5bf9\u9634\u9633\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u9610\u91ca\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u5305\u5bb9\u4e86\u540c\u6027\u604b\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6839\u636e\u9634\u9633\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5f02\u6027\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u5ef6\u5e74\u76ca\u5bff\u4e4b\u529f\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5112\u5bb6\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u53ef\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u957f\u5bff\u5e76\u975e\u5112\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807\uff1b\u800c\u9634\u9633\u4ea4\u5408\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u7e41\u6b96\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6536\u517b\u6216\u8005\u53cc\u6027\u604b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f97\u5230\u8c03\u89e3\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u62c5\u5fc3\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6027\u522b\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u6301\u4fdd\u7559\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5e76\u4e0d\u6307\u5411\u7537\u6027\u5728\u5916\u8c8c\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u6027\u522b\u53d6\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5316\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5bf9\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u8bba\u8bc1\u4e86\u540c\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u968f\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u629b\u5f03\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7537\u5973\u5185\u5916\u4e4b\u522b\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bba\u9898\u5fc5\u987b\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u601d\u8003\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u53ef\u7f6e\u7591\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\u5df2\u7ecf\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u5bb6\u5ead\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u4e3a\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u6210\u957f\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6682\u65f6\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u5373\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u65ad\u5c1a\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e3a\u4e4b\u4f5c\u8bc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e5f\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u5bf9\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u63a5\u7eb3\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5112\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7406\u5e94\u5f97\u5230\u63d0\u5021\u6216\u53d7\u5230\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u6211\u5217\u51fa\u5112\u5bb6\u63a5\u53d7\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u4e3a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5f15\u5165\u9053\u5fb7\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u628a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u611f\u5b98\u6b32\u4e50\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u5bf9\u67d0\u79cd\u98df\u7269\u7684\u55dc\u597d\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u540c\u6027\u604b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u4f5c\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5374\u7edd\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u540c\u6027\u604b\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u4f4e\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5112\u5bb6\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6b32\u671b\u4e4b\u6ee1\u8db3\u3001\u6027\u5feb\u611f\u548c\u7e41\u884d\u540e\u4ee3\u8fd9\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u7686\u4e0d\u7f6e\u4e00\u8f9e\u3002\u5f53\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u8868\u8fbe\u4e2a\u4eba\u611f\u60c5\u3001\u7531\u6b64\u7f14\u9020\u8d77\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u5e76\u5e86\u795d\u548c\u5ef6\u7eed\u7231\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ed3\u5408\u6240\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u6211\u53d1\u6398\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u5ba3\u6cc4\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u672c\u771f\u6216\u8005\u7cbe\u795e\u63d0\u5347\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn81\" name=\"_ftnref81\">[81]<\/a>\u6216\u8bb8\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u4f26\u601d\u60f3\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6027\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u624d\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u540c\u6027\u604b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4f5c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u300a\u97e9\u975e\u5b50\u00b7\u8bf4\u96be\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u5c0f\u660e\u96c4\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u540c\u6027\u7231\u53f2\u5f55\u300b,\u9999\u6e2f\u7c89\u7ea2\u4e09\u89d2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1997\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u970d\u5c14\u67cf\u6797\uff08David Halperin\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u300b\uff08 \u201cSex before Sexuality\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u9009\u81ea\u300a\u540c\u6027\u300b\uff08<em>Same Sex<\/em>\uff09 (New York: Rowman&amp;Littlefield,1999), John Corvino, Daryl Bem\u7f16,\u7b2c204\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u5c0f\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u660c\u897f\uff08George Chauncey Jr.\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u4ece\u6027\u5012\u9519\u5230\u540c\u6027\u604b\uff1a\u533b\u836f\u4e0e\u5973\u6027\u5f02\u5e38\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u4e4b\u53d8\u8fc1\u300b\uff08 \u201c<em>From Sexual Inversion to Homosexuality: Medicine and the Changing Conceptualization of Female Deviance<\/em>\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u9009\u81ea\u300a\u540c\u6027\u604b\uff1a\u6e0e\u795e\u3001\u6d1e\u89c1\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u300b\uff08<em> Homosexuality: Sacriliege, Vision, Politics<\/em><em>\uff09<\/em>\uff08Salmagundi Nos. 58-59 .1982-1983\uff09Robert Boyers\uff0cGeorge Steiner\u7f16,\u7b2c116\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> Loretta Wing Wah Ho\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b\u6587\u5316\u5708\u300b\uff08<em>Gay and Lesbian subculture in urban China <\/em>)\uff08New York: Routledge,2011\uff09,\u7b2c86\u9875\u3002Ho\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b66\u6027\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u9ec4\u76c8\u76c8\u6559\u6388\u5c1a\u672a\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u6027\u7684\u6c49\u8bed\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u300b\uff08<em>Chinese key words on Gender and Sexuality<\/em>\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u91cc\uff0c\u9ec4\u76c8\u76c8\u628a\u201c\u540c\u6027\u604b\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u8457\u540d\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5468\u4f5c\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u201c\u65ad\u8896\u201d\u8bb2\u7684\u662f\u6c49\u54c0\u5e1d\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d27\u5e74\u2014\u516c\u5143\u524d1\u5e74\uff09\u4e0e\u4ed6\u7684\u7537\u5ba0\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f76\u4e8b\u3002\u636e\u300a\u6c49\u4e66\u00b7\u4f5e\u5e78\u4f20\u300b\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff0c\u6c49\u54c0\u5e1d\u4e0e\u5176\u7537\u5ba0\u8463\u8d24\u5171\u5bdd\uff0c\u6e05\u6668\u54c0\u5e1d\u9192\u6765\uff0c\u89c1\u8463\u8d24\u6b63\u501a\u7740\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8896\u5b50\u7761\u5f97\u6b63\u719f\uff0c\u54c0\u5e1d\u4e0d\u5fcd\u60ca\u9192\u4ed6\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6325\u5200\u65ad\u8896\u3002\u540e\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4eba\u5e38\u4ee5\u201c\u65ad\u8896\u4e4b\u7656\u201d\u6307\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u3002\u6587\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u65ad\u8896\u201d\u5728\u5185\u7684\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5747\u5f15\u89c1\u4e8e\u5c0f\u660e\u96c4\u5df2\u7edd\u7248\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u97e9\u732e\u535a\uff08Bret Hinsch\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u65ad\u8896\u4e4b\u7656\u300b\uff08<em>Passions of the Cut Sleeve<\/em>\uff09\uff08\u5965\u514b\u5170\uff1a\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1992\u5e74\u7248\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u9f99\u9633\u662f\u6218\u56fd\u65f6\u671f\u9b4f\u738b\u7684\u7537\u5ba0\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6d89\u53ca\u7537\u540c\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u8fd8\u6709\u201c\u5357\u98ce\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9999\u706b\u5144\u5f1f\u201d\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5973\u540c\u7684\u6709\u201c\u91d1\u5170\u59ca\u59b9\u201d\u548c\u201c\u624b\u5e15\u4ea4\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6750\u6599\u5927\u91cf\u90fd\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u97e9\u732e\u535a\u548c\u5c0f\u660e\u96c4\u5df2\u7edd\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> Ruan, Fang-fu and Yung-mei-Tsai\uff0c<em>\u201cMale homosexuality in the Traditional Chinese Literature\u201d<\/em><em>\uff0c<\/em> Journal of Homosexuality 14, issues 3-4, 1987:21-33.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u300a\u8bd7\u7ecf\u300b\u4e4b\u300a\u90d1\u98ce\u00b7\u4e30\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u79e6\u98ce\u00b7\u65e0\u8863\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u8bed\u51fa\u300a\u58a8\u5b50\u00b7\u5c1a\u8d24\u300b\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u97e9\u732e\u535a\u300a\u65ad\u8896\u4e4b\u7656\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c31\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u975e\u76f8\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u201c\u5ba0\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5b16\u201d\u4e5f\u6307\u5973\u6027\u7231\u4eba\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u548c\u201c\u4f5e\u5e78\u201d\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6027\u522b\u6307\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u53f8\u9a6c\u8fc1\uff1a\u300a\u53f2\u8bb0\u00b7\u5377\u4e00\u767e\u4e09\u5341\u00b7\u592a\u53f2\u516c\u81ea\u5e8f\u7b2c\u4e03\u5341\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c2003\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c3318\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u300a\u6218\u56fd\u7b56\u00b7\u5377\u4e09\u00b7\u79e6\u4e00\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u53c2\u89c1\u5c0f\u660e\u96c4\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u7b2c36\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u201c\u5171\u6795\u4e00\u6728\u201d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u5bf9\u7537\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4e8c\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u5468\u4ee3\u7684\u8d35\u65cf\u58eb\u5b50\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5148\u79e6\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b\u60c5\u4fa3\u4e4b\u95f4\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u9636\u5c42\u7b49\u5dee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> Geng Song\uff1a\u300a\u67d4\u5f31\u624d\u5b50\u300b\uff08<em>The Fragile scholar<\/em><em>\uff09<\/em>\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\uff1a\u9999\u6e2f\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2004\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c173\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u4e3a\u7231\u4eba\u65ad\u8896\u7684\u6c49\u54c0\u5e1d\u751a\u81f3\u63d0\u51fa\u8981\u628a\u7687\u4f4d\u8ba9\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u7537\u5ba0\u8463\u8d24\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u97e9\u732e\u535a\uff1a\u300a\u65ad\u8896\u4e4b\u7656\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c46\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> \u300a\u97e9\u975e\u5b50\u00b7\u4ea1\u5f81\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u300a\u53f2\u8bb0\u00b7\u5377\u4e00\u767e\u4e09\u5341\u00b7\u592a\u53f2\u516c\u81ea\u5e8f\u7b2c\u4e03\u5341\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c3318\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u79bb\u5a04\u4e0b\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> \u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u96cd\u4e5f\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u72b9\u592a\u6559\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u540c\u6837\u8c34\u8d23\u540c\u6027\u604b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> \u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u4e0e\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u795e\u5b66\u4e0a\u65e9\u6709\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982Daniel Helminiak\u300a\u3008\u5723\u7ecf\u3009\u91cc\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b\u300b\uff08\u201d<em>The Bible on Homosexuality\u201d<\/em>\uff09\u548cThomas Schmidt\u300a\u3008\u7f57\u9a6c\u4e66\u30091:26-27\u4e0e\u300a\u5723\u7ecf\u300b\u91cc\u7684\u540c\u6027\u604b\u300b\uff08\u201d<em>Romans 1:26-27 and Biblical Sexuality\u201d<\/em>\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u90fd\u6536\u5f55\u5728\u300a\u540c\u6027\u300b\uff08<em>Same Sex<\/em>\uff09\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> \u8def\u6613\u65af\u00b7\u514b\u6717\u666e\u987f\uff08Louis Crompton\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4e0e\u6587\u660e\u300b\uff08<em>Homosexuality and civilization<\/em>\uff09(Cambridge, USA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> \u5927\u536b\u00b7\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\uff08David Greenberg\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u300b\uff08<em>Construction of homosexuality<\/em>\uff09(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990) \u5206\u522b\u89c1\u7b2c93\u9875 \u548c\u7b2c135\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> \u5965\u53e4\u65af\u4e01\uff08Augustine of Hippo\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e0e\u8d2a\u6b32\u300b\uff08<em>On Marriage and Concupiscence<\/em>\uff092013\u5e74\uff0cKindle\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> \u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u4e54\u6cbb\uff08Robert George\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u634d\u536b\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u300b\uff08<em>In defense of Natural Law<\/em>\uff09(New York: Oxford University Press, 2001)\uff0c\u7b2c148\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> \u53c2\u89c1 Alan Chan\uff1a\u300a\u3008\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u516c\u5b59\u4e11\u3009\u4e2d\u7684\u517b\u5fc3\u4e0e\u517b\u6c14\u300b\uff08\u201cA matter of taste <em>Qi <\/em>(Vital Energy) and the Tending of the Heart (<em>Xin<\/em>) in <em>Mencius <\/em>2A:2\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u9009\u81eaAlan Chan\uff1a\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\uff1a\u6587\u672c\u4e0e\u8be0\u91ca\u300b\uff08<em>Mencius<\/em><em>\uff1a<\/em><em>Contexts and Interpretation<\/em>\uff09(Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2002\uff09Alan Chan\u7f16\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> \u6234\u6885\u53ef\uff08Michael Nylan\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u4e50\u611f\u653f\u6cbb\u300b\uff08\u201cOn the Politics of Pleasure\u201d\uff09\uff08Asia Major<em>, <\/em>14:1,2001\uff09 \u7b2c73-124\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> \u53c2\u89c1\u8d1d\u5229\uff08Michael Bailey\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u4ece\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u6027\u53d6\u5411\u300b\uff08\u201cBiological Perspectives on Sexual Orientation\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u9009\u81ea\u300a\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\u5973\u540c\u3001\u7537\u540c\u4e0e\u53cc\u6027\u604b\u300b\uff08<em>Psychological Perspectives on Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Experiences<\/em>\uff09(New York: Columbia University Press, 2002\uff09Linda Garnets, Douglas Kimmel\u7f16\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> \u514b\u6717\u666e\u987f\uff08Louis Crompton\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u540c\u6027\u604b\u4e0e\u6587\u660e\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c220\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> \u300a\u540c\u6027\u300b\uff08<em>Same Sex<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c192\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> \u6234\u6885\u53ef\uff08Michael Nylan\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u4e50\u611f\u653f\u6cbb\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c73\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> \u91d1\u9e4f\u7a0b\uff08Paul Goldin\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4f20\u5b97\u63a5\u4ee3\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u662f\u5815\u843d\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u6027\u5feb\u611f\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u5c31\u66f4\u522b\u63d0\u4e86\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u91d1\u9e4f\u7a0b\uff08Paul Goldin\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u6027\u6587\u5316\u300b\uff08<em>The Culture of Sex in Ancient China<\/em> \uff09\uff08Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2001\uff09\u7b2c64\u9875\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u91d1\u9e4f\u7a0b\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u738b\u5b89\u56fd\uff08Jeffrey Riegel\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u8ddf\u6211\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u738b\u5b89\u56fd\uff08Jeffrey Riegel\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u7231\u795e\u3001\u5185\u7701\u4e0e\u3008\u8bd7\u7ecf\u6ce8\u758f\u3009\u5927\u5e8f\u300b \uff08\u201cEros, Introversion and the Beginnings of the <em>Shijing Commentary<\/em>\u201d \uff09\uff08<em>Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies<\/em>, vol. 57 no.1 June 1997\uff09\u7b2c150\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a> \u9648\u5029\u4eea\uff1a\u300a\u201c\u6055\u201d\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u4e3a\u4ec1\u7231\u4e4b\u4e3e\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u6027\u539f\u5219\u5417\uff1f\u300b\uff0cJ.\u300a\u4e1c\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\uff0c2000\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c50\u5377\u7b2c4\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c507-524\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a> \u8463\u4ef2\u8212\uff1a\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u7e41\u9732\u00b7\u5faa\u5929\u4e4b\u9053\u300b\u3002\u53c2\u89c1Robin Wang\uff1a\u300a\u9634\u9633\u300b \uff08<em>YinYang <\/em>)\uff08New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012\uff09\u7b2c100\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a> \u8fd9\u91cc\u5bf9\u9634\u9633\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df1\u5165\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u53c2\u89c1Robin Wang\uff1a\u300a\u9634\u9633\u300b\uff0c\u540c\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a> John Major, Sarah Queen, Andrew Meyer, Harold Roth\u7b49\u8bd1\uff1a\u300a\u3008\u97e9\u975e\u5b50\u3009\uff1a\u6c49\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u5199\u7167\u300b\uff08<em>Huainanzi: A Guid to the Theory and Practice of Government in Early Han China<\/em>\uff09 (New York: Columbia University\uff0c2010)\u7b2c190\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\">[42]<\/a> \u6211\u7a0d\u540e\u4f1a\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u6027\u522b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5bf9\u201c\u5185\u2014\u5916\u201d\u4e4b\u522b\u505a\u8be6\u7ec6\u8003\u5bdf\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\">[43]<\/a> Robin Wang\uff1a\u300a\u9634\u9633\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c7\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\">[44]<\/a> \u4f5b\u5c14\u514b\uff08Alfred Forke\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u5929\u4e0b\u89c2\u300b\uff08<em>The World-Conception of the Chinese<\/em>\uff09(London: Late Probsthain &amp; Co,1925)\u7b2c215\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\">[45]<\/a> \u8463\u4ef2\u8212\uff1a\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u7e41\u9732\u00b7\u57fa\u4e49\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\">[46]<\/a> \u53e4\u5178\u8bbd\u55bb\u8bd7\u591a\u7531\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u5931\u610f\u7684\u58eb\u5927\u592b\u4eec\u6240\u521b\u4f5c\uff0c\u58eb\u5927\u592b\u4eec\u5728\u8bd7\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f8e\u4eba\uff0c\u5979\u88ab\u90a3\u53d7\u4e86\u9a97\u7684\u7231\u4eba\u6240\u629b\u5f03\uff0c\u5bd3\u610f\u5fe0\u81e3\u88ab\u541b\u4e3b\u6240\u9057\u5f03\u3002\u5c48\u539f\u7684\u8457\u540d\u8bd7\u7bc7\u300a\u79bb\u9a9a\u300b\u4fbf\u662f\u53e4\u5178\u8bbd\u55bb\u8bd7\u7684\u5178\u8303\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref47\" name=\"_ftn47\">[47]<\/a> \u9648\u5168\u6797\u6ce8\u8bd1\uff1a\u300a\u5468\u6613\u53c2\u540c\u5951\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2004\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c70\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref48\" name=\"_ftn48\">[48]<\/a> \u9ad8\u7f57\u4f69\uff08Robert Hans Van Gulick\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u300b\uff08<em>Sexual Life in Ancient China<\/em>\uff09 (Leidan: Brill, 2003)\u7b2c70\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref49\" name=\"_ftn49\">[49]<\/a> \u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\uff08Douglas Wile\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u623f\u4e2d\u672f\u300b\uff08 <em>Art of the Bedchamber<\/em>\uff09(Albany: SUNY<em>,<\/em> 1992)\u7b2c86\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref50\" name=\"_ftn50\">[50]<\/a> \u9ad8\u7f57\u4f69\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u300b\uff0c\u7b2cxxi\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref51\" name=\"_ftn51\">[51]<\/a> \u9ad8\u7f57\u4f69\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c16\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref52\" name=\"_ftn52\">[52]<\/a> \u8463\u4ef2\u8212\uff1a\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u7e41\u9732\u00b7\u5faa\u5929\u4e4b\u9053\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref53\" name=\"_ftn53\">[53]<\/a> \u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u5185\u5219\u300b\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u59be\u867d\u8001\uff0c\u5e74\u672a\u6ee1\u4e94\u5341\uff0c\u5fc5\u4e0e\u4e94\u65e5\u4e4b\u5fa1\u3002\u201d\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5973\u6027\u7684\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u6ca6\u4e3a\u6ee1\u8db3\u7537\u6027\u6ecb\u9634\u8865\u9633\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5e74\u8f7b\u5973\u6027\u4f1a\u662f\u7537\u6027\u65bd\u884c\u91c7\u9634\u4e4b\u672f\u7684\u66f4\u4f73\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref54\" name=\"_ftn54\">[54]<\/a> \u6625\u79cb\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u53d4\u5b59\u8c79\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u628a\u4eba\u7684\u5fb7\u3001\u529f\u3001\u8a00\u4e09\u8005\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u673d\u6027\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8303\u5ba3\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u53e4\u4eba\u6709\u8a00\u66f0\u2018\u6b7b\u800c\u4e0d\u673d\u2019\uff0c\u4f55\u8c13\u4e5f\uff1f\u201d\u53d4\u5b59\u8c79\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u8c79\u95fb\u4e4b\uff0c\u592a\u4e0a\u6709\u7acb\u5fb7\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u6709\u7acb\u529f\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u6709\u7acb\u8a00\uff0c\u867d\u4e45\u4e0d\u5e9f\uff0c\u6b64\u4e4b\u8c13\u4e0d\u673d\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u5de6\u4f20\u00b7\u8944\u516c\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5e74\u300b\uff09<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref55\" name=\"_ftn55\">[55]<\/a> \u9ad8\u7f57\u4f69\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u6027\u751f\u6d3b\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c48\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref56\" name=\"_ftn56\">[56]<\/a> \u5173\u4e8e\u5185\u5916\u4e4b\u522b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u6211\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u3008\u8bba\u8bed\u3009\u548c\u3008\u5b5f\u5b50\u3009\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u5173\u7cfb\u89d2\u8272\u300b\uff0cJ.\u300a\u4e9a\u6d32\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\uff0c2000\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u7b2c115-132\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref57\" name=\"_ftn57\">[57]<\/a> Geng Song\uff1a\u300a\u6587\u5f31\u4e66\u751f\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c137\u9875\u3002 Song\u8fd8\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u97e9\u732e\u535a\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u7537\u5993\u591a\u4e3a\u51fa\u8eab\u793e\u4f1a\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u7537\u5b50\uff0c\u7537\u5993\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u201c\u7a33\u56fa\u793e\u4f1a\u89d2\u8272\u201d\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u97e9\u732e\u535a\uff1a\u300a\u65ad\u8896\u4e4b\u7656\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c11\u9875\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u91d1\u9e4f\u7a0b\u4e5f\u8c08\u5230\uff0c\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u91d1\u9e4f\u7a0b\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u6027\u6587\u5316\u300b\u7b2c75-110\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref58\" name=\"_ftn58\">[58]<\/a> Mary Kite, Kay Deaux, \u201cGender Belief Systems: Homosexuality and the Implicit Inversion Theory\u201d in <em>Psychology of Women Quarterly<\/em>, March 1987, Vol. 11 no.1 83-96.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref59\" name=\"_ftn59\">[59]<\/a> Alan Taylor, \u201cConceptions of masculinity and feminity as a basis for stereotypes of male and female homosexuals,\u201d <em>Journal of Homosexuality <\/em>1983, vol 9 issue 1, pp.37-53.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref60\" name=\"_ftn60\">[60]<\/a> Ivanka Savic and Per Lindstrom, \u201cPET and MRI show differences in cerebral asymmetry and functional connectivity between homo-and heterosexual subjects,\u201d<em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, <\/em>2008, vol 105 no.27<em>, <\/em>pp.9403-08.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref61\" name=\"_ftn61\">[61]<\/a> M D Storms, \u201cAttitudes toward homosexuality and femininity in men,\u201d <em>Journal of Homosexuality<\/em>, 3, 257-263.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref62\" name=\"_ftn62\">[62]<\/a> Michael Kimmel, \u201cMasculinity as Homophobia,\u201d <em>Feminism and Masculinities<\/em>, pp.182-199.\u00a0 Araine Prohaskaa and Jeannine Gailey, \u201cAchieving masculinity through sexual predation: the case of hogging.\u201d <em>Journal of Gender Studies <\/em>Vol. 19, No. 1, March 2010, 13-25.\u5927\u7537\u4eba\u6c14\u6982\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u53d7\u5230\u5973\u6743\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7684\u731b\u70c8\u62a8\u51fb\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u6279\u8bc4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5f3a\u5978\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u3002\u53c2\u89c1Susan Brownmiller, <em>Against Our wills <\/em>(New York: Ballantine Books,1993).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref63\" name=\"_ftn63\">[63]<\/a> \u5c0f\u660e\u96c4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u534e\u5e1d\u56fd\u665a\u671f\u7684\u620f\u5267\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\uff0c\u8868\u6f14\u5973\u6027\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u7537\u6f14\u5458\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u6ca6\u4e3a\u5bcc\u4eba\u7684\u73a9\u5076\uff0c\u906d\u53d7\u88ab\u5973\u6027\u5316\u7684\u4fae\u8fb1\u3002\u5c0f\u660e\u96c4\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u540c\u6027\u7231\u53f2\u5f55\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c20\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref64\" name=\"_ftn64\">[64]<\/a> \u97e9\u732e\u535a\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u4e08\u592b\u300b\uff08<em>Masculinities in Chinese Histories <\/em>)(New York: Rowman &amp; Littlefield, 2013).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref65\" name=\"_ftn65\">[65]<\/a>\u97e9\u732e\u535a\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u4e08\u592b\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c31\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref66\" name=\"_ftn66\">[66]<\/a> \u5b89\u4e50\u54f2\u4e0e\u90dd\u5927\u7ef4\u751a\u81f3\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u7537\u6027\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u517b\u6210\u521a\u67d4\u5e76\u6d4e\u3001\u9634\u9633\u540c\u4f53\u7684\u6027\u683c\u6765\u8ffd\u6c42\u5bf9\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u201d\u3002Ames and Hall, <em>Thinking from the Han <\/em>(Albany: SUNY) 1998, p.81.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref67\" name=\"_ftn67\">[67]<\/a> Geng Song\uff1a\u300a\u6587\u5f31\u4e66\u751f\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c145\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref68\" name=\"_ftn68\">[68]<\/a> \u53c2\u89c1\u300a\u4e16\u8bf4\u65b0\u8bed\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref69\" name=\"_ftn69\">[69]<\/a> \u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u628a\u975e\u6027\u522b\uff08non-gendered\uff09\u3001\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u4e0e\u7537\u6027\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u533a\u522b\u5f00\u6765\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u628a\u5973\u6027\u6392\u65a5\u5728\u610f\u4e49\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e94\u4f26\u4e2d\u7684\u56db\u4f26\u90fd\u6307\u5411\u7537\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7537\u6027\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u628a\u7537\u4eba\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5185\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u4eba\u6027\u8bba\u662f\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u662f\u7537\u6027\u81f3\u4e0a\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002Song\u8ba4\u4e3a\u524d\u8005\u662f\u975e\u6027\u522b\u6216\u8005\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u3002Geng Song\uff1a\u300a\u6587\u5f31\u4e66\u751f\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c12\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref70\" name=\"_ftn70\">[70]<\/a> \u5bf9\u4e8e\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u300b\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u201c\u8fa8\u201d\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6211\u4ee5\u5185\u5916\u4e4b\u522b\uff08\u800c\u975e\u9634\u9633\u4e8c\u5206\u4e4b\u8bf4\uff09\u5bf9\u4e4b\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref71\" name=\"_ftn71\">[71]<\/a> \u53c2\u89c1\u91d1\u5723\u6587\uff1a\u300a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\uff08<em>Confucian Democracy in East Asia<\/em>\uff09(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014)\u3002\u9648\u7956\u4e3a\uff08Joseph Chan\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u4e49\u300b\uff08<em>Confucian Perfectionism <\/em>)\uff08Ithaca: Princeton University Press, 2014\uff09<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref72\" name=\"_ftn72\">[72]<\/a> \u9648\u5029\u4eea\uff1a\u300a\u3008\u8bba\u8bed\u3009\u548c\u3008\u5b5f\u5b50\u3009\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u522b\u4e0e\u5173\u7cfb\u89d2\u8272\u300b\uff0cJ.\u300a\u4e9a\u6d32\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\uff0c2000\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u7b2c115-132\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref73\" name=\"_ftn73\">[73]<\/a> Alan Chan\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u201c\u548c\u201d\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u4ee5\u7b49\u7ea7\u5c0a\u5351\u786e\u4fdd\u9006\u6765\u987a\u53d7\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u548c\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\u3002Alan Chan\u66fe\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u548c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5907\u53d7\u8d28\u7591\u7684\u9690\u55bb\uff0c\u662f\u4e49\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u201d\u53c2\u89c1Alan Chan\uff1a\u300a\u4e2a\u4f53\u5f53\u5982\u4f55\u5b58\u5728\u300b\uff08<em>How Should One Live<\/em>\uff09 (Boston: DeGruyter, 2011\uff09Richard King and Dennis Schilling\u7f16\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref74\" name=\"_ftn74\">[74]<\/a> \u8428\u59c6\u00b7\u5170\u514b\uff08Sam Cran\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5112\u5bb6\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u4f53\u5916\u53d7\u7cbe\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u8428\u59c6\u00b7\u5170\u514b\uff08Sam Crane\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u6c42\u9053\u300b\uff08<em>Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Dao<\/em>\uff09\u7b2c55-57\u9875\u3002\u53c2\u89c1Lisa Handwerker\uff1a\u300a\u4f53\u5916\u53d7\u7cbe\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4f26\u7406\u610f\u4e49\u300b\uff08\u201cSocial and ethical Implications of in vitro fertilization in contemporary China\u201d\uff09\uff08<em>Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, <\/em>1995, vol 4 issue 3\uff09<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref75\" name=\"_ftn75\">[75]<\/a> \u975e\u5e38\u611f\u8c22\u6211\u7684\u59d0\u59d0Catalina Chan\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0a\u542f\u53d1\u4e86\u6211\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref76\" name=\"_ftn76\">[76]<\/a> \u7eb5\u89c2\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u4ee3\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u798f\u5efa\u7701\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u5c0f\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5b9e\u884c\u8fc7\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u540c\u6027\u4f34\u4fa3\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u6536\u517b\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5c11\u6570\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4eec\u5927\u90fd\u53d7\u8feb\u4e8e\u5f02\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u751f\u6b96\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540c\u6027\u5a5a\u59fb\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u88ab\u9a71\u6563\u4e86\u3002\u53c2\u89c1\u97e9\u732e\u535a, op. cit. pp.131-2.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref77\" name=\"_ftn77\">[77]<\/a> \u90a2\u7956\u63f4\uff1a\u300a\u53e4\u6587\u5b5d\u7ecf\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u6587\u53f2\u54f2\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2011\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref78\" name=\"_ftn78\">[78]<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.apa.org\/pi\/lgbt\/resources\/parenting.aspx\">http:\/\/www.apa.org\/pi\/lgbt\/resources\/parenting.aspx<\/a>, accessed 12-26-2014. \u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6Judith Stacey\u548cTimothy Biblarz\u66fe\u5c31\u6b64\u89c2\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1\u201cHow does the Gender of parents Matter?\u201d <em>Journal of Marriage and Family<\/em> February 2010, vol. 72, issue 1, pp.3-22. \u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u505a\u4e86\u70b9\u8bc4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref79\" name=\"_ftn79\">[79]<\/a> \u53c2\u89c1Ellen Perrin, Benjamin Siegel\uff0c\u201cPromoting the Well-Being of Children Whose Parents are Gay or Lesbians\u201d,The American Academy of Pediatrics, Vol. 131\u00a0No. 4\u00a0April 1, 2013. \u4ed6\u4eec\u4e8c\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u4eb2\u5b50\u5065\u5eb7\u5fc3\u7406\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u6301\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1Loren Marks\uff0c\u201cSame-sex parenting and children\u2019s outcomes\u201d\uff0c<em>Social Science Research<\/em> 2012, vol. 41, pp.735-751 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref80\" name=\"_ftn80\">[80]<\/a> Henny Bos and Theo Sandfort, \u201cChildren\u2019s Gender Identity in Lesbian and Heterosexual Two-Parent Families,\u201d <em>Sex Roles,<\/em> Jan 2010, 62(1-2): 114\u2013126.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref81\" name=\"_ftn81\">[81]<\/a> \u53c2\u89c1Alan Soble,<em> The Philosophy of Sex and Love <\/em>(St. Paul: Paragon House), 2008.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e8c\u7537\u5206\u6843\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u582a\u5fcd\uff1f-\u8bba\u53e4\u5178\u5112\u5bb6\u4e0e\u540c\u6027\u604b\u7684\u76f8\u5bb9\u6027 \u9648\u5029\u4eea\u8457\uff1b\u4e07\u601d\u8273\u8bd1 \u4f5b\u8499\u7279\u5927\u5b66 \u539f\u8f7d\u4e8e\u00a0 \u300aThe Bloo&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/2018\/04\/23\/%e9%99%88%e5%80%a9%e4%bb%aa%ef%bc%8c%e4%ba%8c%e7%94%b7%e5%88%86%e6%a1%83%ef%bc%8c%e5%84%92%e5%ae%b6%e5%a0%aa%e5%bf%8d%ef%bc%9f-%e8%ae%ba%e5%8f%a4%e5%85%b8%e5%84%92%e5%ae%b6%e4%b8%8e%e5%90%8c%e6%80%a7\/\"><span>Read More<\/span><i>&#43;<\/i><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[38,107,73],"tags":[58,77,78,99,75],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/217"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=217"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/217\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":218,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/217\/revisions\/218"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=217"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=217"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}