{"id":219,"date":"2018-04-23T04:59:39","date_gmt":"2018-04-23T04:59:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/?p=219"},"modified":"2018-05-30T18:09:00","modified_gmt":"2018-05-30T18:09:00","slug":"%e9%bb%84%e7%8e%89%e9%a1%ba%ef%bc%8c%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e6%ad%a3%e4%b9%89%e8%ae%ba%e7%ba%b2%e8%a6%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/2018\/04\/23\/%e9%bb%84%e7%8e%89%e9%a1%ba%ef%bc%8c%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e6%ad%a3%e4%b9%89%e8%ae%ba%e7%ba%b2%e8%a6%81\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9ec4\u7389\u987a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7eb2\u8981"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Huang-YS.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-837 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Huang-YS-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a>\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u5112\u5b66&#8211;\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u8f6c\u578b<\/h3>\n<p>\u9ec4\u7389\u987a\u8457\uff1b<br \/>\n\u5c71\u4e1c\u5927\u5b66<br \/>\n<strong>\u539f\u8f7d\u4e8e<\/strong>\u300a\u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248\u300b2009\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c32-42\u9875\u3002<br \/>\n\u4f5c\u8005\u6388\u6743\u4e8e\u8fdb\u6b65\u5112\u5b66\u7f51<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u6458\u8981\uff1a\u6682\u65e0<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\uff0c\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u793c\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5236\u5ea6<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/\u9ec4\u7389\u987a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7eb2\u8981.pdf\">\u4e0b\u8f7dPDF\u7248\u672c<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u9605\u8bfb\u5168\u6587\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7eb2\u8981<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u9ec4\u7389\u987a<\/p>\n<p>\u5c71\u4e1c\u5927\u5b66<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u610f\u5728\u65d7\u5e1c\u9c9c\u660e\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u201d\u3001\u5e76\u7ed9\u4e88\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u8981\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f5c\u4e3a\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7eb2\u9886\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u201d\uff08Chinese Theory of Justice\uff09\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u8bed\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u63d0\u51fa<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e25\u683c\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u63d0\u51fa\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u91cd\u63d0\u201d\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u4ece\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bba\u8bf4\u3002\u4f46\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u81ea\u8fd1\u4ee3\u201c\u897f\u5b66\u4e1c\u6e10\u201d\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u201c\u4e94\u56db\u201d\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u4fbf\u968f\u7740\u201c\u6253\u5012\u5b54\u5bb6\u5e97\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5168\u76d8\u897f\u5316\u201d\u800c\u88ab\u9057\u5fd8\u4e86\u3002\u5176\u4e25\u91cd\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff1a\u4eca\u65e5\u4e2d\u56fd\u5904\u5904\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u897f\u65b9\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\uff0c\u518d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u8e2a\u8ff9\uff1b\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8a00\u8bba\u3001\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u8a00\u8c08\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u90fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u5931\u8bed\u201d\uff1a\u4eba\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u6d25\u6d25\u4e50\u9053\u5730\u4f20\u8fbe\u7740\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u8bdd\u8bed\u3001\u8f6c\u8fbe\u7740\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u8868\u8fbe\u7740\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u786e\u5730\u91cd\u63d0\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u6781\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u610f\u4e49\u3001\u800c\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5730\u57df\u6027\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u5efa\u6784\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u4e16\u6027\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u8bc9\u6c42\uff0c\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u610f\u5411\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u666e\u904d\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4e00\u822c\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u4e25\u683c\u533a\u5206\uff1a\u6b63\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u2014\u2014\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u666e\u904d\u5730\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u6b63\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u6b63\u4e49\u89c2\u5ff5\uff08\u6b63\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u89e3\u91ca\uff09\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u53ca\u5176\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5728\u6b63\u4e49\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0a\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u5176\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9762\u5bf9\u95ee\u9898\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ece\u53e4\u5230\u4eca\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u897f\u65b9\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u4e9b\u5171\u901a\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u6b63\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff1b\u4f46\u5c31\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u53d9\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u4e43\u81f3\u63d0\u51fa\u65b9\u5f0f\u800c\u8bba\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u666e\u904d\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u5f62\u6001\u53ca\u5176\u8a00\u8bf4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u5c31\u95ee\u9898\u672c\u8eab\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c31\u5bf9\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u89e3\u91ca\u800c\u8a00\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b63\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f0f\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u53d9\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u518d\u5c31\u4e0d\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b63\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u800c\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u7ba1\u81ea\u8bf4\u81ea\u8bdd\u3001\u201c\u516c\u8bf4\u516c\u6709\u7406\u3001\u5a46\u8bf4\u5a46\u6709\u7406\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53ef\u4f9b\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u52a0\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f9b\u4eba\u4eec\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u52a0\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u800c\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u3001\u6c49\u8bed\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u8bed\u4e49<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u6b63\u5f0f\u660e\u786e\u5730\u79f0\u4f5c\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u6587\u672c\u662f\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u300b<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>\u3002\uff081\uff09\u300a\u6b63\u540d\u300b\u7bc7\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6b63\u5229\u800c\u4e3a\u8c13\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u6b63\u4e49\u800c\u4e3a\u8c13\u4e4b\u884c\u3002\u201d\u6768\u501e\u6ce8\uff1a\u201c\u4e3a\u6b63\u9053\u4e4b\u4e8b\u5229\uff0c\u5219\u8c13\u4e4b\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u8c13\u5546\u519c\u5de5\u8d3e\u4e5f\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u82df\u975e\u6b63\u4e49\uff0c\u5219\u8c13\u4e4b\u59e6\u90aa\u201d\u3002\u738b\u5148\u8c26\u5f15\u4fde\u6a3e\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u300a\u5e7f\u97f5\u300b\uff1a\u2018\u6b63\uff0c\u6b63\u5f53\u4e5f\u3002\u2019\u6b63\u5229\u800c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6b63\u4e49\u800c\u4e3a\uff0c\u72b9\u6587\u56db\u5e74\u300a\u5de6\u4f20\u300b\u66f0\u2018\u5f53\u5b98\u800c\u884c\u2019\u4e5f\u3002\u201d\u4fde\u6a3e\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u6b63\u5f53\u201d\u6b63\u4e0e\u8340\u5b50\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u591a\u6b21\u8c08\u5230\uff0c\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u5373\u662f\u201c\u5b9c\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5b9c\u201d\u5373\u662f\u201c\u5f53\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u8303\u7574\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u542b\u4e49\u3002\uff082\uff09\u300a\u81e3\u9053\u300b\u7bc7\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u300a\u4f20\u300b\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u4ece\u9053\u4e0d\u4ece\u541b\u3002\u2019\u6545\u6b63\u4e49\u4e4b\u81e3\u8bbe\uff0c\u5219\u671d\u5ef7\u4e0d\u9887\uff1b\u8c0f\u4e89\u8f85\u62c2\u4e4b\u4eba\u4fe1\uff0c\u5219\u541b\u8fc7\u4e0d\u8fdc\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u91cc\u201c\u8c0f\u3001\u4e89\u3001\u8f85\u3001\u62c2\u201d\u56db\u79cd\u793e\u7a37\u4e4b\u81e3\u90fd\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u4e4b\u81e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u663e\u7136\u4ea6\u5c5e\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u8303\u7574\uff1a\u6b63\u4e49\u4e4b\u81e3\u6240\u9075\u4ece\u7684\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u541b\u4e3b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9053\u4e49\u3002\uff083\uff09\u300a\u5112\u6548\u300b\u7bc7\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u5b66\u95ee\uff0c\u65e0\u6b63\u4e49\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bcc\u5229\u4e3a\u9686\uff0c\u662f\u4fd7\u4eba\u8005\u4e5f\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u6cd5\u5148\u738b\uff0c\u7edf\u793c\u4e49\uff0c\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u2026\u2026\uff0c\u662f\u5927\u5112\u8005\u4e5f\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u66f4\u662f\u660e\u786e\u5730\u4ee5\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u793c\u4e49\u201d\u201c\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u5219\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u7684\u201c\u793c\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u793c\u4e4b\u4e49\u3001\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5236\u5ea6\u8d56\u4ee5\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u8303\u7574\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u80fd\u4eba\u4eec\u4ecd\u6709\u7591\u60d1\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c49\u8bed\u7684\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4ece\u897f\u8bed\u201cjustice\u201d\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u51ed\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bf4\u5112\u5bb6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u201cjustice\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff1f\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u65e2\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u975e\u7b49\u540c\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u53ef\u5bf9\u5e94\u6027\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6ca1\u6709\u975e\u7b49\u540c\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e4b\u5fc5\u8981\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u5047\u5982\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u5bf9\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u76f8\u7ffb\u8bd1\u800c\u4e92\u76f8\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea4\u5f80\u6c9f\u901a\u3002\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e00\u5411\u5c31\u5728\u9887\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4ea4\u5f80\u7740\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u53ef\u5bf9\u5e94\u6027\u662f\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u897f\u8bed\u201cking\u201d\uff0c\u6c49\u8bed\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5176\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u201c\u738b\u201d\u800c\u7406\u89e3\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u5bf9\u5e94\u6027\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u6c49\u8bed\u7684\u201c\u738b\u201d\u4e0e\u897f\u8bed\u7684\u201cking\u201d\u53c8\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u9887\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u975e\u7b49\u540c\u6027\uff0c\u552f\u5176\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e24\u8005\u52a0\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> \u6c49\u8bed\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u4e0e\u201cjustice\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u6c49\u8bed\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u4e0e\u897f\u8bed\u201cjustice\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7167\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table width=\"495\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"85\"><strong>just<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"56\"><strong>\u4e49<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"353\"><strong>\u6c49\u8bed\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"85\">fit<\/td>\n<td width=\"56\">\u9002\u5b9c<\/td>\n<td width=\"353\">\u300a\u97e9\u975e\u5b50\u00b7\u89e3\u8001\u300b\uff1a\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u8c13\u5176\u5b9c\u4e5f\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u796d\u4e49\u300b\uff1a\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5b9c\u6b64\u8005\u4e5f\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"85\">suitable<\/td>\n<td width=\"56\">\u9002\u5408<\/td>\n<td width=\"353\">\u300a\u5de6\u4f20\u00b7\u6853\u516c\u4e8c\u5e74\u300b\u5b54\u9896\u8fbe\u758f\uff1a\u5408\u5b9c\u4e3a\u4e49\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u5b66\u800c\u300b\u90a2\u663a\u758f\uff1a\u4e8e\u4e8b\u5408\u5b9c\u4e3a\u4e49\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"85\">appropriate<\/td>\n<td width=\"56\">\u9002\u5f53<\/td>\n<td width=\"353\">\u300a\u6dee\u5357\u5b50\u00b7\u7f2a\u79f0\u300b\uff1a\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4eba\u5fc3\u800c\u5408\u4e8e\u4f17\u9002\u8005\u4e5f\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"85\">proper<\/td>\n<td width=\"56\">\u6b63\u5f53<\/td>\n<td width=\"353\">\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u79bb\u5a04\u4e0a\u300b\uff1a\u4e49\uff0c\u4eba\u4e4b\u6b63\u8def\u4e5f\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u5c3d\u5fc3\u4e0a\u300b\u6731\u71b9\u96c6\u6ce8\uff1a\u4e49\u8c13\u6240\u5b88\u4e4b\u6b63\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"85\">impartial<\/td>\n<td width=\"56\">\u516c\u6b63<\/td>\n<td width=\"353\">\u300a\u56fd\u8bed\u00b7\u664b\u8bed\u4e94\u300b\u97e6\u662d\u6ce8\uff1a\u5728\u516c\u4e3a\u4e49\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"85\">fair<\/td>\n<td width=\"56\">\u516c\u5e73<\/td>\n<td width=\"353\">\u300a\u5b54\u5b50\u5bb6\u8bed\u00b7\u6267\u8f94\u300b\u738b\u8083\u6ce8\uff1a\u4e49\uff0c\u5e73\u4e5f\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u7ba1\u5b50\u00b7\u6c34\u5730\u300b\uff1a\u552f\u65e0\u4e0d\u6d41\uff0c\u81f3\u5e73\u800c\u6b62\uff0c\u4e49\u4e5f\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"85\">upright<\/td>\n<td width=\"56\">\u6b63\u76f4<\/td>\n<td width=\"353\">\u300a\u5de6\u4f20\u00b7\u9690\u516c\u4e09\u5e74\u300b\u5b54\u9896\u8fbe\u758f\uff1a\u9519\uff08\u63aa\uff09\u5fc3\u65b9\u76f4\uff0c\u52a8\u5408\u4e8b\u5b9c\uff0c\u4e43\u8c13\u4e4b\u4e3a\u4e49\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"85\">right<\/td>\n<td width=\"56\">\u6b63\u786e<\/td>\n<td width=\"353\">\u300a\u767d\u864e\u901a\u4e49\u00b7\u60c5\u6027\u300b\uff1a\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5b9c\u4e5f\uff0c\u51b3\u65ad\u5f97\u4e2d\u4e5f\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u6c49\u4e66\u00b7\u516c\u5b59\u5f18\u4f20\u300b\uff1a\u660e\u662f\u975e\uff0c\u7acb\u53ef\u5426\uff0c\u8c13\u4e4b\u4e49\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"85\">rational<\/td>\n<td width=\"56\">\u5408\u7406<\/td>\n<td width=\"353\">\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u8bae\u5175\u300b\uff1a\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5faa\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u5c1a\u4e66\u00b7\u9ad8\u5b97\u809c\u65e5\u300b\u8521\u6c88\u96c6\u4f20\uff1a\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u7406\u4e4b\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u884c\u800c\u5b9c\u4e4b\u4e4b\u8c13\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"85\">legitimate<\/td>\n<td width=\"56\">\u5408\u6cd5<\/td>\n<td width=\"353\">\u300a\u5415\u6c0f\u6625\u79cb\u00b7\u8d35\u516c\u300b\uff1a\u4e49\uff0c\u6cd5\u4e5f\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u5468\u6613\u00b7\u7cfb\u8f9e\u4e0b\u4f20\u300b\uff1a\u7406\u8d22\u6b63\u8f9e\u3001\u7981\u6c11\u4e3a\u975e\u66f0\u4e49\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"85\">due<\/td>\n<td width=\"56\">\u5e94\u5f97<\/td>\n<td width=\"353\">\u300a\u58a8\u5b50\u00b7\u7ecf\u4e0a\u300b\uff1a\u4e49\uff0c\u5229\u4e5f\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u5de6\u4f20\u00b7\u662d\u516c\u5341\u5e74\u300b\uff1a\u4e49\uff0c\u5229\u4e4b\u672c\u4e5f\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u6c49\u8bed\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u4e0e\u897f\u8bed\u201cjustice\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u975e\u7b49\u540c\u6027\uff0c\u5219\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u9762\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\u3001\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u5916\u5ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4ea4\u53e0\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u91cd\u5408\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6c49\u8bed\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u8bed\u4e49\u201c\u65f6\u5b9c\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u897f\u8bed\u201cjustice\u201d\u6240\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u7684\uff1b\u5176\u4e8c\u3001\u5c31\u5176\u4ea4\u53e0\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e0a\u8868\u6240\u5217\u5404\u4e2a\u4e49\u9879\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e4b\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u6307\u5411\uff1a\u793c\u2014\u2014\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u4e43\u662f\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u6240\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5373\u7fa4\u4f53\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u5b89\u6392\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u6839\u636e\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u201d\uff08rule-institution\uff09\u662f\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u5efa\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u201d\u7684\u7701\u79f0\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u5c42\u610f\u601d\uff1a\u5176\u4e00\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u5316\uff1b\u5176\u4e8c\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\u3002\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ece\u6765\u5c31\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\u3002\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u5efa\u6784\u7fa4\u4f53\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u82e5\u5e72\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5c31\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u201c\u793c\u201d\u662f\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5728\u5b5f\u5b50\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u4ec1\u4e49\u793c\u667a\u201d\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u4e49\u2192\u793c\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u2192\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5b54\u5b50\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8d28\uff0c\u793c\u4ee5\u884c\u4e4b\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\">[19]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u793c\u201d\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u5462\uff1f\u201c\u793c\u201d\u5b57\u7e41\u4f53\u4e3a\u201c\u79ae\u201d\uff0c\u53e4\u4f53\u4e3a\u201c\u8c4a\u201d\uff0c\u6700\u521d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6307\u7684\u796d\u7940\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u3002\u6309\u7167\u8bb8\u614e\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u201c\u79ae\uff0c\u5c65\u4e5f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e8b\u795e\u81f4\u798f\u4e5f\u3002\u4ece\u793a\u3001\u4ece\u8c4a\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\">[20]<\/a>\uff1b\u201c\u8c4a\uff0c\u884c\u79ae\u4e4b\u5668\u4e5f\u3002\u4ece\u8c46\uff0c\u8c61\u5f62\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a>\u3002\u800c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u8fd9\u79cd\u796d\u7940\u4e4b\u793c\u4e43\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\uff1a\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u796d\u7940\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e43\u662f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u56fd\u4e4b\u5927\u4e8b\uff0c\u5728\u7940\u4e0e\u620e\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn22\" name=\"_ftnref22\">[22]<\/a>\uff1b\u201c\u7940\uff0c\u56fd\u4e4b\u5927\u4e8b\u4e5f\uff0c\u800c\u9006\u4e4b\uff0c\u53ef\u8c13\u793c\u4e4e\uff1f\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn23\" name=\"_ftnref23\">[23]<\/a> \u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u201c\u4e8b\u795e\u81f4\u798f\u201d\u4e4b\u793c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u662f\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff1b\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5b97\u6cd5\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u796d\u7940\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u793c\u201d\u4fbf\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5b54\u5b50\u8c08\u4e09\u4ee3\u4e4b\u201c\u793c\u201d\u7684\u201c\u635f\u76ca\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn24\" name=\"_ftnref24\">[24]<\/a>\uff0c\u90d1\u7384\u5f84\u76f4\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u95ee\u5176\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u8ff9\u53ef\u77e5\u3002\u2026\u2026 \u81ea\u5468\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u867d\u767e\u4e16\uff0c\u5236\u5ea6\u72b9\u53ef\u77e5\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn25\" name=\"_ftnref25\">[25]<\/a> \u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6700\u72ed\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u793c\u201d\u4ec5\u6307\u796d\u7940\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\uff1b\u800c\u6700\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u793c\u201d\u5219\u6cdb\u6307\u6240\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u53ca\u5176\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9053\u5fb7\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u804c\u4e1a\u89c4\u8303\u7b49\u7b49\u53ca\u5176\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8981\u770b\u770b\u300a\u5468\u793c\u300b\u4e5f\u5c31\u660e\u767d\u4e86\uff1a\u5176\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u793c\u201d\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u53ca\u5176\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn26\" name=\"_ftnref26\">[26]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u793c\uff0c\u4ea6\u79f0\u201c\u793c\u5236\u201d\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u793c\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\uff1a\u793c\u4e49\u2192\u793c\u5236\u2192\u793c\u4eea\u3002\u201c\u793c\u5236\u201d\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u793c\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u201c\u793c\u4eea\u201d\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u793c\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5916\u5728\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1b\u800c\u201c\u793c\u4e49\u201d\u5373\u793c\u4e4b\u4e49\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u793c\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5185\u5728\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u4e43\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5411\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u6765\u5224\u5b9a\u67d0\u79cd\u73b0\u5b58\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u7559\u4e4b\uff08\u590d\u793c\uff09\u3001\u6216\u8005\u6539\u53d8\u4e4b\uff08\u793c\u4e4b\u635f\u76ca\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6d89\u53ca\u6b63\u4e49\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u4e24\u91cd\u542b\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u662f\u4f9d\u636e\u4e8e\u73b0\u884c\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\uff1a\u9075\u5faa\u6027\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7b26\u5408\u67d0\u79cd\u73b0\u884c\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5b83\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5b83\u662f\u4e0d\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u514b\u5df1\u590d\u793c\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn27\" name=\"_ftnref27\">[27]<\/a> \u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bb2\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f9d\u636e\u4e8e\u73b0\u884c\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u201d\uff08the principle of justice\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\uff08a just act\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e00\u79cd\u9075\u5faa\u73b0\u884c\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u4e0e\u5426\uff0c\u8fd8\u987b\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u73b0\u884c\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u4e0e\u5426\uff1b\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u884c\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u4e49\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u884c\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u3002\u5176\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u539f\u5219\u2192\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u2192\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5047\u5982\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u6240\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u600e\u4e48\u80fd\u8bf4\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u662f\u5148\u884c\u4e8e\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\u5219\u662f\u540e\u884c\u4e8e\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\uff1a\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u5224\u5b9a\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u6027\uff0c\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u8fdb\u800c\u89c4\u5b9a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e8e\u73b0\u884c\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8c\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e8e\u73b0\u884c\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\uff1a\u53d8\u9769\u6027\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u3002\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bfe\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u6240\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e43\u662f\u5224\u5b9a\u67d0\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u6027\u3001\u5efa\u6784\u4e00\u79cd\u6b63\u4e49\u6027\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u793c\u6709\u635f\u76ca\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bb2\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6bb7\u56e0\u4e8e\u590f\u793c\uff0c\u6240\u635f\u76ca\u53ef\u77e5\u4e5f\uff1b\u5468\u56e0\u4e8e\u6bb7\u793c\uff0c\u6240\u635f\u76ca\u53ef\u77e5\u4e5f\uff1b\u5176\u6216\u7ee7\u5468\u8005\uff0c\u867d\u767e\u4e16\u53ef\u77e5\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn28\" name=\"_ftnref28\">[28]<\/a> \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u6839\u636e\u5c31\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u5b54\u5b50\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u541b\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e8e\u5929\u4e0b\u4e5f\uff0c\u65e0\u9002\u4e5f\uff0c\u65e0\u83ab\u4e5f\uff0c\u4e49\u4e4b\u4e0e\u6bd4\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn29\" name=\"_ftnref29\">[29]<\/a> \u6240\u8c13\u201c\u65e0\u9002\u65e0\u83ab\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u65e0\u6240\u201c\u4e13\u4e3b\u201d\u3001\u65e0\u6240\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn30\" name=\"_ftnref30\">[30]<\/a>\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5b54\u5b50\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u53ef\u65e0\u4e0d\u53ef\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn31\" name=\"_ftnref31\">[31]<\/a>\u3001\u201c\u6bcb\u56fa\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn32\" name=\"_ftnref32\">[32]<\/a>\u3001\u201c\u4e0d\u5668\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn33\" name=\"_ftnref33\">[33]<\/a>\uff1b\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4e49\u4e4b\u4e0e\u6bd4\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u552f\u4e49\u662f\u4ece\uff0c<a href=\"#_ftn34\" name=\"_ftnref34\">[34]<\/a> \u4ea6\u5373\u5b5f\u5b50\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u60df\u4e49\u6240\u5728\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn35\" name=\"_ftnref35\">[35]<\/a>\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5b58\u5e9f\u5174\u66ff\u4ee5\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u4e3a\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u56db\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u8bba\u57df\uff1a\u5229\u2014\u2014\u5229\u76ca\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7fa4\u4f53\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u53e4\u4eca\u4e2d\u5916\u4e00\u5207\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u6240\u5171\u6709\u7684\u8bba\u57df\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5bf9\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u534f\u529b\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8f83\u5927\u5229\u76ca\u600e\u6837\u5206\u914d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u52a8\u4e8e\u8877\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u539f\u5219\u6765\u6307\u5bfc\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u5229\u76ca\u5206\u914d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b89\u6392\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u5173\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u5206\u914d\u4efd\u989d\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u539f\u5219\u5c31\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn36\" name=\"_ftnref36\">[36]<\/a>\u300a\u58a8\u5b50\u00b7\u7ecf\u4e0a\u300b\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\uff0c\u5229\u4e5f\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b63\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u4e43\u662f\u5229\u76ca\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u4ea6\u7136\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7126\u5faa\u89e3\u91ca\u300a\u5468\u6613\u00b7\u6052\u8c61\u4f20\u300b\u201c\u592b\u5b50\u5236\u4e49\u201d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\u72b9\u5229\u4e5f\u201d\uff1b\u89e3\u91ca\u300a\u59e4\u8c61\u4f20\u300b\u201c\u4e49\u4e0d\u53ca\u5bbe\u201d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\u5373\u5229\u4e5f\u201d\uff1b\u89e3\u91ca\u300a\u5468\u6613\u00b7\u7cfb\u8f9e\u4e0b\u4f20\u300b\u201c\u7cbe\u4e49\u5165\u795e\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\u8c13\u53d8\u901a\u4ee5\u5c3d\u5229\u4e5f\u201d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn37\" name=\"_ftnref37\">[37]<\/a> \u6240\u4ee5\u675c\u9884\u89e3\u91ca\u300a\u5de6\u4f20\u00b7\u662d\u516c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u300b\u201c\u5730\u4e4b\u5b9c\u201d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5229\u4e4b\u5b9c\u3002\u201d\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u300a\u5468\u6613\u00b7\u4e7e\u6587\u8a00\u4f20\u300b\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5229\u8005\uff0c\u4e49\u4e4b\u548c\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u5173\u6d89\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u610f\u8c13\u7269\u8d28\u5229\u76ca\uff08benefits\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u66f4\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff08interests\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u6cdb\u6307\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6b32\u671b\u6240\u503e\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u5229\u76ca\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u3001\u4e5f\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u7e41\u4f53\u201c\u7fa9\u201d\uff0c\u8bb8\u614e\u300a\u8bf4\u6587\u89e3\u5b57\u300b\u5f52\u5165\u201c\u6211\u201d\u90e8\u3001\u5e76\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7fa9\uff0c\u5df1\u4e4b\u5a01\u5100\u4e5f\u3002\u4ece\u6211\u3001\u7f8a\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89e3\u91ca\u610f\u5473\u6df1\u957f\uff1a\u201c\u7f8a\u201d\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u5229\u76ca\uff1b\u800c\u201c\u6211\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5df1\u201d\u6240\u6807\u660e\u7684\u662f\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn38\" name=\"_ftnref38\">[38]<\/a> \u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u6b63\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u95ee\u9898\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u3001\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\u5728\u5b5f\u5b50\u201c\u4ec1\u4e49\u793c\u667a\u201d\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u4ec1\u2192\u4e49\u201d\u67b6\u6784\u91cc\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u6807\u660e\u201c\u5229\u201d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5b5f\u5b50\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u4e49\u5229\u4e4b\u8fa8\u201d\u6709\u5173\uff1a\u201c\u738b\u4f55\u5fc5\u66f0\u5229\uff1f\u4ea6\u6709\u4ec1\u4e49\u800c\u5df2\u77e3\uff01\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn39\" name=\"_ftnref39\">[39]<\/a> \u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u5e94\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u770b\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b5f\u5b50\u672c\u4eba\u5176\u5b9e\u672a\u5fc5\u5982\u540e\u4eba\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u5c06\u4e49\u4e0e\u5229\u7edd\u5bf9\u5730\u5bf9\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5b5f\u5b50\u4e0d\u4ec5\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u5730\u8ffd\u6c42\u201c\u516c\u5229\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5473\u53cd\u5bf9\u201c\u79c1\u5229\u201d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u5236\u6c11\u4e4b\u4ea7\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn40\" name=\"_ftnref40\">[40]<\/a>\uff0c\u5c31\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e3b\u5f20\u7ed9\u4e88\u5e76\u4e14\u4fdd\u969c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u79c1\u4eba\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u5229\uff1b\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b5f\u5b50\u6bd5\u7adf\u786e\u5b9e\u672a\u80fd\u6b63\u9762\u9610\u660e\u5229\u76ca\u95ee\u9898\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b63\u4e49\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u4e43\u662f\u60c5\u52bf\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6240\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7136\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5112\u5bb6\u6700\u65e9\u6b63\u5f0f\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u5e76\u4e14\u5145\u5206\u5f3a\u8c03\u5229\u76ca\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u8340\u5b50\u3002\u8340\u5b50\u8bba\u8bc1\u793c\u5236\u3001\u793c\u4e49\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u89e3\u51b3\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u95ee\u9898\u5165\u624b\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u793c\u8d77\u4e8e\u4f55\u4e5f\uff1f\u66f0\uff1a\u4eba\u751f\u800c\u6709\u6b32\uff0c\u6b32\u800c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u65e0\u6c42\uff0c\u6c42\u800c\u65e0\u5ea6\u91cf\u5206\u754c\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e89\uff0c\u4e89\u5219\u4e71\uff0c\u4e71\u5219\u7a77\u3002\u5148\u738b\u6076\u5176\u4e71\u4e5f\uff0c\u6545\u5236\u793c\u4e49\u4ee5\u5206\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u517b\u4eba\u4e4b\u6b32\uff0c\u7ed9\u4eba\u4e4b\u6c42\uff0c\u4f7f\u6b32\u5fc5\u4e0d\u7a77\u4e4e\u7269\uff0c\u7269\u5fc5\u4e0d\u5c48\u4e8e\u6b32\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u76f8\u6301\u800c\u957f\u3002\u662f\u793c\u4e4b\u6240\u8d77\u4e5f\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn41\" name=\"_ftnref41\">[41]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u8340\u5b50\u7684\u201c\u6027\u6076\u201d\u8bba\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u4e3a\u6b64\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4eba\u4e4b\u6027\u6076\uff0c\u5176\u5584\u8005\u4f2a\u4e5f\u3002\u4eca\u4eba\u4e4b\u6027\uff0c\u751f\u800c\u6709\u597d\u5229\u7109\uff0c\u987a\u662f\uff0c\u6545\u4e89\u593a\u751f\u800c\u8f9e\u8ba9\u4ea1\u7109\u3002\u2026\u2026 \u7136\u5219\u4ece\u4eba\u4e4b\u6027\uff0c\u987a\u4eba\u4e4b\u60c5\uff0c\u5fc5\u51fa\u4e8e\u4e89\u593a\uff0c\u5408\u4e8e\u72af\u5206\u4e71\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u5f52\u4e8e\u66b4\u3002\u6545\u5fc5\u5c06\u6709\u5e08\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5316\uff0c\u793c\u4e49\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u51fa\u4e8e\u8f9e\u8ba9\uff0c\u5408\u4e8e\u6587\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u5f52\u4e8e\u6cbb\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn42\" name=\"_ftnref42\">[42]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u8340\u5b50\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4e89\u5219\u4e71\uff0c\u4e71\u5219\u7a77\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5236\u5b9a\u201c\u5ea6\u91cf\u5206\u754c\u201d\u3001\u4ea6\u5373\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u5229\u6b32\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u5229\u6b32\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u8303\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u4e0e\u5b54\u5b5f\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u5b54\u5b50\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5bcc\u4e0e\u8d35\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u6b32\u4e5f\uff1b\u4e0d\u4ee5\u5176\u9053\u5f97\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5904\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn43\" name=\"_ftnref43\">[43]<\/a>\u201c\u5bcc\u800c\u53ef\u6c42\u4e5f\uff0c\u867d\u6267\u97ad\u4e4b\u58eb\uff0c\u543e\u4ea6\u4e3a\u4e4b\uff1b\u5982\u4e0d\u53ef\u6c42\uff0c\u4ece\u543e\u6240\u597d\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn44\" name=\"_ftnref44\">[44]<\/a> \u5b5f\u5b50\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5bcc\uff0c\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u6b32\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u8d35\uff0c\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u6b32\u201d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn45\" name=\"_ftnref45\">[45]<\/a> \u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u5229\u201d\u201c\u6b32\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5229\u6b32\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u201c\u53ef\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5b5f\u5b50\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u53ef\u6b32\u4e4b\u8c13\u5584\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn46\" name=\"_ftnref46\">[46]<\/a>\uff0c\u6b64\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u53ef\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5c45\u4ec1\u7531\u4e49\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn47\" name=\"_ftnref47\">[47]<\/a>\u3001\u201c\u4e49\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8d28\uff0c\u793c\u4ee5\u884c\u4e4b\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn48\" name=\"_ftnref48\">[48]<\/a>\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u6b63\u5982\u300a\u5de6\u4f20\u00b7\u6853\u516c\u4e8c\u5e74\u300b\u5e08\u670d\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\u4ee5\u51fa\u793c\uff0c\u793c\u4ee5\u4f53\u653f\uff0c\u653f\u4ee5\u6b63\u6c11\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u653f\u6210\u800c\u6c11\u542c\uff0c\u6613\u5219\u751f\u4e71\u3002\u201d\u7531\u6b64\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5b5f\u5b50\u7684\u201c\u4ec1\u2192\u4e49\u2192\u793c\u201d\u67b6\u6784\u5e94\u8be5\u4fee\u8ba2\u4e3a\u201c\u4ec1\u2192\u5229\u2192\u4e49\u2192\u793c\u201d\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u6f84\u6e05\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u8340\u5b50\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6027\u6076\u201d\u4e4b\u201c\u6076\u201d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8bf4\u4eba\u6027\u201c\u751f\u800c\u6709\u6b32\u201d\u3001\u201c\u751f\u800c\u597d\u5229\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e4e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c1a\u672a\u6d89\u53ca\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u201c\u524d\u9053\u5fb7\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4ece\u201c\u6c42\u800c\u65e0\u5ea6\u91cf\u5206\u754c\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e89\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\uff1b\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5229\u6b32\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u65e0\u6240\u8c13\u5584\u6076\uff0c\u793c\u4e49\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u6d88\u706d\u5229\u6b32\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u517b\u4eba\u4e4b\u6b32\u201d\u3001\u201c\u7ed9\u4eba\u4e4b\u6c42\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u5c06\u5229\u6b32\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u201c\u4eba\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u8a00\u8bf4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u672c\u6e90\u6027\u7684\u8a00\u8bf4\uff1a\u5229\u6b32\u4e43\u6e0a\u6e90\u4e8e\u4ec1\u7231\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e94\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u672c\u6e90\uff1a\u4ec1\u2014\u2014\u4ec1\u7231<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u8340\u5b50\u63d0\u51fa\u3001\u800c\u88ab\u540e\u4e16\u957f\u4e45\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u201c\u5229\u6b32\u6e90\u4e8e\u4ec1\u7231\u201d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6216\u8bb8\u201c\u60ca\u4e16\u9a87\u4fd7\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5177\u6709\u7279\u522b\u6df1\u523b\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u5f3a\u8c03\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u53cd\u5bf9\u5c06\u6b63\u4e49\u4e0e\u4ec1\u7231\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u539f\u521d\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u201c\u76f8\u4e92\u51b7\u6de1\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u201d\u4f7f\u5f97\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b21\u7ea7\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u2018\u4ec1\u6148\u2019\u6ca1\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5236\u5b9a\u51fa\u6765\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u5728\u65e0\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u51b7\u6de1\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u201d\uff1b<a href=\"#_ftn49\" name=\"_ftnref49\">[49]<\/a> \u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u5219\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u548c\u58a8\u5bb6\u90fd\u5c06\u6b63\u4e49\u4e0e\u4ec1\u7231\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u800c\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u4ec1\u4e49\u201d\u4ea6\u5373\u201c\u4ec1\u2192\u4e49\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u4ec1\u7231\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u5230\u9610\u660e\u3002\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u5230\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u67b6\u6784\u5e94\u4fee\u8ba2\u4e3a\u201c\u4ec1\u2192\u5229\u2192\u4e49\u2192\u793c\u201d\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u7591\u95ee\uff1a\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u96be\u9053\u662f\u7531\u4ec1\u7231\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5417\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u5b9e\u9053\u7406\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u6b63\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u7531\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ec1\u7231\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u672c\u6e90\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ec1\u7231\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u662f\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u672c\u6e90\u6240\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u6d89\u53ca\u53e4\u4eca\u4e2d\u5916\u6240\u6709\u54f2\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u5927\u56f0\u60d1\uff1a\u81f3\u5584\u7684\u672c\u4f53\u6216\u8005\u4e0a\u5e1d\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0d\u80fd\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u6076\u662f\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u672c\u4f53\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672c\u4f53\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u5047\u3001\u6076\u3001\u4e11\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e70\u5355\uff1b\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u66f4\u4e3a\u672c\u6e90\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u89c6\u57df\u4e2d\u4ea6\u7136\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u5b58\u5728\u8005\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b58\u5728\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u5fc5\u987b\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u5047\u3001\u6076\u3001\u4e11\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8d1f\u8d23\u3002\u5112\u5b66\u4ea6\u7136\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u4ec1\u7231\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u672c\u6e90\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ec1\u7231\u5c31\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u5584\u7684\u672c\u6e90\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u6076\u7684\u672c\u6e90\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u9610\u660e\uff1a\u56fa\u7136\u662f\u4ec1\u7231\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6700\u7ec8\u4e5f\u662f\u4ec1\u7231\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5728\u5b5f\u5b50\u90a3\u91cc\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728\u540e\u5112\u90a3\u91cc\u5219\u66f4\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u66fe\u60f3\u5230\u7684\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5728\u8340\u5b50\u90a3\u91cc\u5374\u662f\u660e\u767d\u65e0\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u7231\u5229\u201d\uff08\u7231\u800c\u5229\u4e4b\uff09\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u6b64\u8bed\u51fa\u81ea\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u5f3a\u56fd\u300b\u4e4b\u8bba\u4e09\u79cd\u6743\u5a01\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u5a01\u6709\u4e09\uff1a\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u4e4b\u5a01\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u66b4\u5bdf\u4e4b\u5a01\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u72c2\u5984\u4e4b\u5a01\u8005\u3002\u2026\u2026 \u793c\u4e50\u5219\u4fee\uff0c\u5206\u4e49\u5219\u660e\uff0c\u4e3e\u9519\u5219\u65f6\uff0c\u7231\u5229\u5219\u5f62\uff0c\u2026\u2026 \u592b\u662f\u4e4b\u8c13\u9053\u5fb7\u4e4b\u5a01\u3002\u793c\u4e50\u5219\u4e0d\u4fee\uff0c\u5206\u4e49\u5219\u4e0d\u660e\uff0c\u4e3e\u9519\u5219\u4e0d\u65f6\uff0c\u7231\u5229\u5219\u4e0d\u5f62\uff0c\u2026\u2026 \u592b\u662f\u4e4b\u8c13\u66b4\u5bdf\u4e4b\u5a01\u3002\u65e0\u7231\u4eba\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u65e0\u5229\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u65e5\u4e3a\u4e71\u4eba\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u2026\u2026 \u592b\u662f\u4e4b\u8c13\u72c2\u5984\u4e4b\u5a01\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u7231\u5229\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u540e\u6587\u7684\u201c\u7231\u4eba\u4e4b\u5fc3\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5229\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e8b\u201d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u738b\u5148\u8c26\u89e3\u91ca\u201c\u7231\u5229\u5219\u5f62\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u5f15\u6768\u501e\u6ce8\uff1a\u201c\u7231\uff08\u4eba\uff09\u5229\u4eba\u4e4b\u5fc3\u89c1\uff08\u73b0\uff09\u4e8e\u5916\u4e5f\u201d\uff1b\u53c8\u5f15\u90dd\u61ff\u884c\u4e4b\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7231\u4eba\u5229\u4eba\u7686\u6709\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\u201c\u7231\u5229\u201d\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u7231\u4eba\u5229\u4eba\u201d\u3001\u7231\u800c\u5229\u4e4b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u8c08\u5230\u5112\u8005\u4e4b\u6548\u662f\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u201c\u7231\u800c\u5229\u4e4b\u201d\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u5176\u4e3a\u4eba\u4e0a\u4e5f\uff0c\u5e7f\u5927\u77e3\uff01\u5fd7\u610f\u5b9a\u4e4e\u5185\uff0c\u793c\u8282\u4fee\u4e4e\u671d\uff0c\u6cd5\u5219\u5ea6\u91cf\u6b63\u4e4e\u5b98\uff0c\u5fe0\u4fe1\u7231\u5229\u5f62\u4e4e\u4e0b\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn50\" name=\"_ftnref50\">[50]<\/a> \u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u201c\u7231\u800c\u5229\u4e4b\u201d\u662f\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5b9e\u60c5\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u7231\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u597d\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6216\u5979\u8c0b\u5229\u3002\u7231\u4eb2\u5219\u6b32\u5229\u4eb2\uff0c\u7231\u6c11\u5219\u6b32\u5229\u6c11\uff1b\u7231\u4eba\u5219\u6b32\u5229\u4eba\uff0c\u7231\u7269\u5219\u6b32\u5229\u7269\u3002\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u53ca\u58a8\u5bb6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c06\u8340\u5b50\u201c\u7231\u800c\u5229\u4e4b\u201d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u5112\u5bb6\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u201c\u7231\u6709\u5dee\u7b49\u201d\u601d\u60f3\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u4ec1\u7231\u4f55\u4ee5\u5bfc\u81f4\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u4e86\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ec1\u7231\u662f\u7531\u81ea\u7231\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u3002\u5b5f\u5b50\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4eb2\u4eb2\u800c\u4ec1\u6c11\uff0c\u4ec1\u6c11\u800c\u7231\u7269\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn51\" name=\"_ftnref51\">[51]<\/a> \u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u7231\u4eb2\u2192\u7231\u6c11\u2192\u7231\u7269\u201d\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u63a8\u201d\u6216\u201c\u63a8\u6269\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1a\u4ec1\u7231\u7531\u4eb2\u4eba\u800c\u63a8\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eba\u3001\u7531\u4ed6\u4eba\u800c\u63a8\u53ca\u5b83\u7269\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u201c\u5012\u63a8\u201d\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u7684\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u6211\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5df1\u201d\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\uff1a\u7231\u5df1\u2192\u7231\u4eb2\u2192\u7231\u6c11\u2192\u7231\u7269\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u624d\u6709\u201c\u63a8\u5df1\u53ca\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u6807\u660e\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u201c\u5df1\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u5b50\u9053\u300b\u6709\u4e00\u5219\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bb0\u8f7d\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u5b50\u8def\u5165\uff0c\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u7531\uff0c\u77e5\u8005\u82e5\u4f55\uff1f\u4ec1\u8005\u82e5\u4f55\uff1f\u201d\u5b50\u8def\u5bf9\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u77e5\u8005\u4f7f\u4eba\u77e5\u5df1\uff0c\u4ec1\u8005\u4f7f\u4eba\u7231\u5df1\u3002\u201d\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u53ef\u8c13\u58eb\u77e3\uff01\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u5b50\u8d21\u5165\uff0c\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u8d50\uff0c\u77e5\u8005\u82e5\u4f55\uff1f\u4ec1\u8005\u82e5\u4f55\uff1f\u201d\u5b50\u8d21\u5bf9\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u77e5\u8005\u77e5\u4eba\uff0c\u4ec1\u8005\u7231\u4eba\u3002\u201d\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u53ef\u8c13\u58eb\u541b\u5b50\u77e3\uff01\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u989c\u6e0a\u5165\uff0c\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u56de\uff0c\u77e5\u8005\u82e5\u4f55\uff1f\u4ec1\u8005\u82e5\u4f55\uff1f\u201d\u989c\u6e0a\u5bf9\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u77e5\u8005\u81ea\u77e5\uff0c\u4ec1\u8005\u81ea\u7231\u3002\u201d\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u53ef\u8c13\u660e\u541b\u5b50\u77e3\uff01\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u5c31\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u51b3\u5b9a\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u7231\u5df1\u2192\u7231\u4eba\u2192\u4f7f\u4eba\u7231\u5df1\u3002\u552f\u6709\u7231\u5df1\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u7231\u4eba\uff1b\u552f\u6709\u7231\u4eba\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u4eba\u7231\u5df1\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u72b9\u5982\u300a\u6cd5\u8a00\u00b7\u541b\u5b50\u300b\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u81ea\u7231\uff0c\u4ec1\u4e4b\u81f3\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn52\" name=\"_ftnref52\">[52]<\/a> \u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u81ea\u7231\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b5f\u5b50\u8c08\u5230\u201c\u5c45\u4ec1\u7531\u4e49\u201d\u65f6\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u5c45\u4ec1\u201d\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u7231\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u7231\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u66b4\u81ea\u5f03\u201d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn53\" name=\"_ftnref53\">[53]<\/a> \u8fd9\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\u201c\u63a8\u201d\u603b\u662f\u7531\u201c\u5df1\u201d\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u4ec1\u7231\u603b\u662f\u7531\u81ea\u7231\u51fa\u53d1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u201c\u7231\u800c\u5229\u4e4b\u201d\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\uff0c\u7231\u7684\u5dee\u7b49\u6027\u201c\u7231\u5df1\u2192\u7231\u4eb2\u2192\u7231\u6c11\u2192\u7231\u7269\u201d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5229\u5df1\u2192\u5229\u4eb2\u2192\u5229\u6c11\u2192\u5229\u7269\u201d\u7684\u5dee\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7b49\u6b21\u7684\u4ec1\u7231\u53ca\u5176\u5229\u76ca\u8ffd\u6c42\u2014\u2014\u7231\u5df1\u800c\u6b32\u5229\u5df1\u3001\u7231\u4eb2\u800c\u6b32\u5229\u4eb2\u3001\u7231\u6c11\u800c\u6b32\u5229\u6c11\u3001\u7231\u7269\u800c\u6b32\u5229\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u8fd9\u624d\u9700\u8981\u5236\u5b9a\u67d0\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b63\u4e49\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u4e3a\u6b64\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u51fa\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u7b49\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u5fc5\u7136\u6d89\u53ca\u516c\u79c1\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5229\u76ca\u53ef\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u79c1\u5229\uff08private interests\uff09\u4e0e\u516c\u5229\uff08public interests\uff09\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53e4\u4ee3\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u73b0\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u516c\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u79c1\u201d\u4e4b\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u516c\u79c1\u4e4b\u5206\u5374\u662f\u53e4\u4eca\u4e2d\u5916\u6240\u5171\u901a\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5206\u754c\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u516c\u79c1\u4e4b\u5206\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u516c\u79c1\u4e4b\u5206\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u5386\u53f2\u5f62\u6001\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5728\u201c\u5229\u5df1\u2192\u5229\u4eb2\u2192\u5229\u6c11\u2192\u5229\u7269\u201d\u7684\u5dee\u7b49\u4e2d\uff0c\u516c\u4e0e\u79c1\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5229\u4eb2\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5229\u5df1\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u516c\u5229\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5229\u6c11\u6765\u8bf4\u5219\u662f\u79c1\u5229\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u63a8\u201d\u6216\u201c\u63a8\u6269\u201d\uff1a\u63a8\u5df1\u53ca\u4eba\u610f\u5473\u7740\u63a8\u79c1\u53ca\u516c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5b54\u5b50\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u5df1\u6b32\u7acb\u800c\u7acb\u4eba\uff0c\u5df1\u6b32\u8fbe\u800c\u8fbe\u4eba\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn54\" name=\"_ftnref54\">[54]<\/a>\uff1b\u201c\u5df1\u6240\u4e0d\u6b32\uff0c\u52ff\u65bd\u4e8e\u4eba\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn55\" name=\"_ftnref55\">[55]<\/a>\uff1b\u5b5f\u5b50\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u7531\u201c\u6211\u201d\u5f00\u59cb\u201c\u6269\u800c\u5145\u4e4b\u201d\u81f3\u4e8e\u201c\u7236\u6bcd\u201d\u4e43\u81f3\u201c\u56db\u6d77\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn56\" name=\"_ftnref56\">[56]<\/a>\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u539f\u5219\u3002\uff08\u8be6\u540e\uff09\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u5112\u5bb6\u4ec1\u7231\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u628a\u63e1\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u56fa\u7136\u662f\u201c\u5dee\u7b49\u4e4b\u7231\u201d\uff1b\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5219\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u4f53\u4e4b\u4ec1\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4e00\u89c6\u540c\u4ec1\u201d\u3001\u4ea6\u5373\u201c\u6cdb\u7231\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn57\" name=\"_ftnref57\">[57]<\/a>\u3001\u201c\u535a\u7231\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn58\" name=\"_ftnref58\">[58]<\/a>\u3001\u6216\u8005\u300a\u4e2d\u5eb8\u300b\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u6ea5\u535a\u201d\u3002\u82e5\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u6781\u7aef\u5c31\u662f\u6768\u6731\u4e4b\u5b66\u4e86\uff1b\u82e5\u53ea\u6709\u540e\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u5178\u578b\u5c31\u662f\u58a8\u7fdf\u4e4b\u5b66\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5176\u5b9e\u6d89\u53ca\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u89c6\u57df\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u201c\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u201d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a\u5dee\u7b49\u4e4b\u7231\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u8005\uff08\u5df1\u3001\u4eb2\u3001\u6c11\uff09\u53ca\u5bf9\u8c61\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u8005\uff08\u7269\uff09\u7684\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u672c\u8eab\u5374\u6e0a\u6e90\u4e8e\u524d\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u53ca\u5176\u524d\u5dee\u7b49\u6027\u7684\u4ec1\u7231\u60c5\u611f\uff1b\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e00\u4f53\u4e4b\u4ec1\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u5dee\u7b49\u6027\u800c\u590d\u5f52\u4e8e\u524d\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u4ec1\u7231\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u7531\u201c\u793c\u201d\u800c\u201c\u4e50\u201d\u4e86\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u89c6\u57df\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9610\u660e\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u8005\u79c1\u5229\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u516c\u5229\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u9610\u660e\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u4f55\u4ee5\u201c\u5f53\u7136\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5b9e\u7136\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5fc5\u7136\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u516d\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u8981\u4ef6\uff1a\u77e5\u2014\u2014\u7406\u667a\u4e0e\u826f\u77e5<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5b5f\u5b50\u201c\u4ec1\u2192\u4e49\u2192\u793c\u2192\u667a\u201d\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u667a\u201d\u7684\u73af\u8282\u662f\u9700\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u667a\u201d\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u73af\u8282\uff1a\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\uff08\u4e49\uff09\u6765\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\uff08\u793c\uff09\uff0c\u7406\u667a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u542f\u8499\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u8bc9\u8bf8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u7406\u6027\u201d\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\u3002\u4f46\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u7406\u6027\u201d\u53ea\u662f\u5f62\u800c\u4e0b\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u7406\u6027\u201d\u3001\u4ea6\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\u7406\u6027\u7684\u7406\u667a\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u662f\u7406\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u201d\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u6709\u7406\u667a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4efb\u7531\u90a3\u79cd\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u201c\u4e89\u201d\u800c\u201c\u4e71\u201d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u72b6\u6001\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u4f1a\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u800c\u8fd0\u7528\u7406\u667a\u3001\u5236\u5b9a\u201c\u5951\u7ea6\u201d\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e0\u72ec\u6709\u5076\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u4e5f\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6597\u8005\uff0c\u5fd8\u5176\u8eab\u8005\u4e5f\uff0c\u5fd8\u5176\u4eb2\u8005\u4e5f\uff0c\u5fd8\u5176\u541b\u8005\u4e5f\u3002\u2026\u2026 \u5c06\u4ee5\u4e3a\u667a\u90aa\uff1f\u5219\u611a\u83ab\u5927\u7109\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn59\" name=\"_ftnref59\">[59]<\/a> \u7279\u522b\u5728\u8c08\u5230\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u6b63\u5229\u800c\u4e3a\u8c13\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u6b63\u4e49\u800c\u4e3a\u8c13\u4e4b\u884c\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u77e5\u4e4b\u5728\u4eba\u8005\u8c13\u4e4b\u77e5\uff0c\u77e5\u6709\u6240\u5408\u8c13\u4e4b\u667a\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn60\" name=\"_ftnref60\">[60]<\/a> \u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u51e1\u4ee5\u77e5\uff0c\u4eba\u4e4b\u6027\u4e5f\uff1b\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\uff0c\u7269\u4e4b\u7406\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn61\" name=\"_ftnref61\">[61]<\/a> \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u6027\u662f\u6709\u667a\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u667a\u80fd\u6307\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u7406\u667a\u6216\u8005\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\u7406\u6027\u7684\u7406\u667a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u667a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u6765\u8bf4\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u67b6\u6784\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e94\u5f53\u4fee\u8ba2\u4e3a\uff1a\u4ec1\u2192\u5229\u2192\u4e49\u2192\u667a\u2192\u793c\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u5b5f\u5b50\u601d\u60f3\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u667a\u201d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u9519\u4f4d\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b5f\u5b50\u4e4b\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u667a\u201d\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u300b\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u667a\u201d\u6216\u201c\u77e5\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn62\" name=\"_ftnref62\">[62]<\/a> \u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u4e0a\u8ff0\u90a3\u79cd\u5bf9\u8c61\u6027\u7684\u7406\u667a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5e94\u5f53\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u5b5f\u5b50\u786e\u5b9e\u672a\u80fd\u5728\u5176\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u67b6\u6784\u4e2d\u6807\u4e3e\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u667a\u7684\u6070\u5f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff1b\u4f46\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u5219\u662f\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u7684\u3001\u6216\u66f4\u786e\u5207\u5730\u8bf4\u662f\u201c\u53cd\u8eab\u201d\u6027\u7684\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u4ed6\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u826f\u77e5\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4e0d\u5b66\u800c\u80fd\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u826f\u80fd\u4e5f\uff1b\u6240\u4e0d\u8651\u800c\u77e5\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u826f\u77e5\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn63\" name=\"_ftnref63\">[63]<\/a> \u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u751f\u800c\u80fd\u7231\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u826f\u80fd\uff1b\u751f\u800c\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u7231\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u7684\u826f\u77e5\uff1b\u4e0d\u80fd\u7231\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u826f\u80fd\u7684\u201c\u8305\u585e\u201d\uff1b\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u7231\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u826f\u77e5\u7684\u201c\u8305\u585e\u201d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn64\" name=\"_ftnref64\">[64]<\/a> \u6211\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u987f\u5f00\u8305\u585e\u201d\u56de\u590d\u826f\u77e5\u826f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u5883\u754c\u7684\u201c\u667a\u201d\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u53cd\u8eab\u800c\u8bda\uff0c\u4e50\u83ab\u5927\u7109\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn65\" name=\"_ftnref65\">[65]<\/a>\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5b5f\u5b50\u5c06\u5176\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u6050\u6015\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u9762\u5bf9\u4e00\u79cd\u7b26\u5408\u6216\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u67d0\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u5b58\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b83\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u79cd\u6b63\u4e49\u6216\u4e0d\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u76f4\u89c9\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u611f\u201d\u3002\u5728\u540e\u4e00\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6b63\u4e49\u611f\u663e\u7136\u5148\u884c\u4e8e\u81ea\u89c9\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u667a\u6167\u65e2\u975e\u6765\u81ea\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u4e5f\u975e\u6765\u81ea\u5148\u9a8c\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u6216\u8005\u201c\u53cd\u8eab\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u611f\u609f\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u611f\u609f\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6b63\u4e49\u611f\uff1b\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u76f4\u89c9\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u795e\u79d8\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4e0d\u8651\u800c\u77e5\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e0d\u5b66\u800c\u80fd\u201d\u7684\u3001\u5f53\u4e0b\u5373\u662f\u7684\u201c\u826f\u77e5\u201d\u3002\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u6b63\u4e49\u611f\u7684\u81ea\u89c9\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8868\u8fbe\uff1b\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u826f\u77e5\u6216\u6b63\u4e49\u611f\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5411\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u5bfc\u5411\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u6d89\u53ca\u4e24\u79cd\u201c\u667a\u201d\u6216\u201c\u77e5\u201d\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u6027\u7684\u201c\u77e5\u201d\u5373\u7406\u667a\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\uff08\u4e49\uff09\u4e0e\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\uff08\u793c\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5219\u662f\u611f\u609f\u6027\u7684\u201c\u667a\u201d\uff08\u4ee5\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6\u6027\u7684\u201c\u77e5\u201d\uff09\u5373\u667a\u6167\u3001\u6b63\u4e49\u611f\u6216\u826f\u77e5\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u5229\u76ca\u6b32\u671b\u4e0e\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u67b6\u6784\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u4fee\u8ba2\u4e3a\uff1a\u4ec1\uff08\u4ec1\u7231\uff09\u2192 \u5229\uff08\u5229\u76ca\uff09\u2192 \u667a\uff08\u667a\u6167\uff09\u2192 \u4e49\uff08\u6b63\u4e49\uff09\u2192 \u77e5\uff08\u7406\u667a\uff09\u2192 \u793c\uff08\u89c4\u8303\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e03\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u6b63\u5f53\u4e0e\u9002\u5b9c<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u884c\u6587\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u6765\u6b63\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u4e86\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u201c\u89c1\u5229\u601d\u4e49\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn66\" name=\"_ftnref66\">[66]<\/a>\u3001\u201c\u79c9\u5229\u5ea6\u4e49\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn67\" name=\"_ftnref67\">[67]<\/a>\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u6709\u4e24\u6761\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u539f\u5219\u2014\u2014\u516c\u6b63\u6027\u51c6\u5219\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u51c6\u5219<\/p>\n<p>\u9002\u5b9c\u6027\u539f\u5219\u2014\u2014\u5730\u5b9c\u6027\u51c6\u5219\u3001\u65f6\u5b9c\u6027\u51c6\u5219<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u539f\u5219<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u539f\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u5efa\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u662f\u6b63\u5f53\u7684\u3002\u201c\u6b63\u5f53\u201d\u4e43\u662f\u6c49\u8bed\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u4e49\u3002\u5982\u300a\u58a8\u5b50\u00b7\u5929\u5fd7\u4e0b\u300b\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u6b63\u4e5f\u3002\u201d\u5112\u5bb6\u5c24\u5176\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u79bb\u5a04\u4e0a\u300b\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\uff0c\u4eba\u4e4b\u6b63\u8def\u4e5f\u3002\u201d\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b5f\u5b50\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u5c0a\u5fb7\u4e50\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u6731\u5b50\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\u8c13\u6240\u5b88\u4e4b\u6b63\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn68\" name=\"_ftnref68\">[68]<\/a> \u8340\u5b50\u66f4\u662f\u5c06\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u4ee5\u6b63\u884c\u4e49\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u884c\u4e49\u4ee5\u6b63\uff0c\u4e8b\u4e1a\u4ee5\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7981\u66b4\u8db3\u7a77\uff0c\u767e\u59d3\u5f85\u4e4b\u800c\u540e\u6cf0\u5b81\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn69\" name=\"_ftnref69\">[69]<\/a> \u8fd9\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u5b54\u5b50\u201c\u5c31\u6709\u9053\u800c\u6b63\u7109\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn70\" name=\"_ftnref70\">[70]<\/a> \u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1b\u5177\u4f53\u5230\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u653f\u8005\uff0c\u6b63\u4e5f\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn71\" name=\"_ftnref71\">[71]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8340\u5b50\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7279\u610f\u5c06\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u610f\u4e5f\u5728\u4e8e\u51f8\u663e\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5c06\u539f\u5148\u738b\u672c\u4ec1\u4e49\uff0c\u5219\u793c\u6b63\u5176\u7ecf\u7eac\u8e4a\u5f84\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn72\" name=\"_ftnref72\">[72]<\/a> \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u793c\u6709\u5176\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6b64\u8def\u5f84\u4e43\u662f\u4ee5\u4ec1\u4e3a\u6839\u672c\u3001\u4ee5\u4e49\u4e3a\u6b63\u8def\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u8981\u6c42\u201c\u6b63\u884c\u3001\u79ef\u793c\u4e49\u3001\u5c0a\u9053\u5fb7\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn73\" name=\"_ftnref73\">[73]<\/a>\uff1b\u201c\u5fc5\u5148\u4fee\u6b63\u5176\u5728\u6211\u8005\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5f90\u8d23\u5176\u5728\u4eba\u8005\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn74\" name=\"_ftnref74\">[74]<\/a>\uff1b\u201c\u6b64\u5176\u8bda\u5fc3\u83ab\u4e0d\u6c42\u6b63\u800c\u4ee5\u81ea\u4e3a\u4e5f\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn75\" name=\"_ftnref75\">[75]<\/a>\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u201c\u541b\u5b50\u58f9\u4e8e\u9053\u800c\u4ee5\u8d5e\u7a3d\u7269\u3002\u58f9\u4e8e\u9053\u5219\u6b63\uff0c\u4ee5\u8d5e\u7a3d\u7269\u5219\u5bdf\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b63\u5fd7\u884c\u5bdf\u8bba\uff0c\u5219\u4e07\u7269\u5b98\u77e3\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn76\" name=\"_ftnref76\">[76]<\/a> \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u51e1\u8bae\uff0c\u5fc5\u5c06\u7acb\u9686\u6b63\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u4e5f\u3002\u65e0\u9686\u6b63\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u975e\u4e0d\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u8fa8\u8bbc\u4e0d\u51b3\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn77\" name=\"_ftnref77\">[77]<\/a> \u8340\u5b50\u611f\u53f9\uff1a\u201c\u8457\u8bda\u53bb\u4f2a\uff0c\u793c\u4e4b\u7ecf\u4e5f\u3002\u2026\u2026 \u660e\u738b\u5df2\u6ca1\uff0c\u83ab\u4e4b\u6b63\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn78\" name=\"_ftnref78\">[78]<\/a> \u8340\u5b50\u8457\u300a\u6b63\u540d\u300b\u7bc7\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u201c\u6b63\u201d\u540d\u5206\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u201c\u4ee5\u6b63\u9053\u800c\u8fa8\u59e6\u201d\u3002\u5176\u201c\u6027\u6076\u201d\u8bba\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff1a\u201c\u4eca\u4eba\u4e4b\u6027\u6076\uff0c\u5fc5\u5c06\u5f85\u5e08\u6cd5\u7136\u540e\u6b63\uff0c\u5f97\u793c\u4e49\u7136\u540e\u6cbb\u3002\u4eca\u4eba\u65e0\u5e08\u6cd5\u5219\u504f\u9669\u800c\u4e0d\u6b63\uff0c\u65e0\u793c\u4e49\u5219\u6096\u4e71\u800c\u4e0d\u6cbb\u3002\u53e4\u8005\u5723\u738b\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e4b\u6027\u6076\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u504f\u9669\u800c\u4e0d\u6b63\uff0c\u6096\u4e71\u800c\u4e0d\u6cbb\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e4b\u8d77\u793c\u4e49\u3001\u5236\u6cd5\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u77eb\u9970\u4eba\u4e4b\u60c5\u6027\u800c\u6b63\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6270\u5316\u4eba\u4e4b\u60c5\u6027\u800c\u5bfc\u4e4b\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn79\" name=\"_ftnref79\">[79]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u67d0\u79cd\u73b0\u5b58\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u6765\u5224\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5f53\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u5f53\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u5236\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u8981\u6c42\u4ee5\u201c\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e49\u201d\uff08\u6b63\u4e49\uff09\u6765\u201c\u6b63\u201d\u5176\u201c\u6cd5\u4e4b\u6570\u201d\uff08\u5236\u5ea6\uff09\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u77e5\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e49\u800c\u6b63\u6cd5\u4e4b\u6570\u8005\uff0c\u867d\u535a\uff0c\u4e34\u4e8b\u5fc5\u4e71\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn80\" name=\"_ftnref80\">[80]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u5f53\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u8340\u5b50\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u7fa4\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4e3b\u4f53\u95f4\u6027\u201d\uff08intersubjectivity\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u300a\u7ba1\u5b50\u00b7\u5fc3\u672f\u4e0a\u300b\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u541b\u81e3\u7236\u5b50\u3001\u4eba\u95f4\u4e4b\u4e8b\uff0c\u8c13\u4e4b\u4e49\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u4eba\u95f4\u201d\u662f\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u4e4e\u201c\u7fa4\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4e3b\u4f53\u95f4\u6027\u201d\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u539f\u5219\u662f\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1\u3001\u516c\u6b63\u6027\u51c6\u5219<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u539f\u5219\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51c6\u5219\u662f\u516c\u6b63\u6027\u3002\u8340\u5b50\u591a\u6b21\u660e\u786e\u8bba\u53ca\u201c\u516c\u6b63\u201d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u201c\u8bed\u66f0\uff1a\u597d\u5973\u4e4b\u8272\uff0c\u6076\u8005\u4e4b\u5b7d\u4e5f\uff1b\u516c\u6b63\u4e4b\u58eb\uff0c\u4f17\u4eba\u4e4b\u75e4\u4e5f\uff1b\u4fee\u9053\u4e4b\u4eba\uff0c\u6c59\u90aa\u4e4b\u8d3c\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn81\" name=\"_ftnref81\">[81]<\/a> \u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u4e13\u95e8\u8457\u6709\u300a\u6b63\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u516c\u6b63\u201d\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff1a\u201c\u4e0a\u7aef\u8bda\uff0c\u5219\u4e0b\u613f\u6128\u77e3\uff1b\u4e0a\u516c\u6b63\uff0c\u5219\u4e0b\u6613\u76f4\u77e3\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u5c31\u6b63\u5982\u5b54\u5b50\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u82df\u6b63\u5176\u8eab\u77e3\uff0c\u4e8e\u4ece\u653f\u4e4e\u4f55\u6709\uff1f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6b63\u5176\u8eab\uff0c\u5982\u6b63\u4eba\u4f55\uff01\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn82\" name=\"_ftnref82\">[82]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5efa\u6784\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u516c\u6b63\u6027\u4f18\u5148\u4e8e\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u300a\u5de6\u4f20\u300b\u4f5c\u8005\u79f0\u8d5e\u5f53\u5e74\u5b8b\u5ba3\u516c\u7acb\u5b8b\u7a46\u516c\uff08\u7acb\u5f1f\u800c\u4e0d\u7acb\u5ae1\uff09\u5c3d\u7ba1\u662f\u8fdd\u793c\u7684\uff0c\u5374\u662f\u51fa\u4ee5\u516c\u5fc3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff1a\u201c\u547d\u4ee5\u4e49\u592b\uff01\u201d\u5b54\u9896\u8fbe\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u9519\uff08\u63aa\uff09\u5fc3\u65b9\u76f4\uff0c\u52a8\u5408\u4e8b\u5b9c\uff0c\u4e43\u8c13\u4e4b\u4e3a\u4e49\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn83\" name=\"_ftnref83\">[83]<\/a> \u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u63aa\u5fc3\u65b9\u76f4\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u5b58\u5fc3\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u516c\u6b63\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u662f\u4e0a\u6587\u8c08\u5230\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u533a\u5206\uff1a\u516c\u5229\u3001\u79c1\u5229\u3002\u300a\u56fd\u8bed\u300b\u8bb0\u8f7d\u8d75\u5ba3\u5b50\u8c08\u201c\u6bd4\u800c\u4e0d\u515a\uff1a\u201c\u592b\u5468\u4ee5\u4e3e\u4e49\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e5f\uff1b\u4e3e\u4ee5\u5176\u79c1\uff0c\u515a\u4e5f\u3002\u201d\u97e6\u662d\u6ce8\uff1a\u201c\u6bd4\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e49\u4e5f\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u963f\u79c1\u66f0\u515a\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u5728\u516c\u4e3a\u4e49\u201d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn84\" name=\"_ftnref84\">[84]<\/a> \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u516c\u6b63\u6027\u51c6\u5219\u6240\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u4e43\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u516c\u5229\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u8340\u5b50\u4e3b\u5f20\uff1a\u5f53\u9762\u5bf9\u5229\u76ca\u65f6\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u201c\u5fd7\u7231\u516c\u5229\u201d\u3001\u201c\u516c\u6b63\u65e0\u79c1\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn85\" name=\"_ftnref85\">[85]<\/a>\uff1b\u201c\u5229\u800c\u4e0d\u6d41\uff0c\u8d35\u516c\u6b63\u800c\u8d31\u9119\u4e89\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn86\" name=\"_ftnref86\">[86]<\/a>\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u201c\u6308\u56fd\u4ee5\u547c\u529f\u5229\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a1\u5f20\u5176\u4e49\uff0c\u9f50\u5176\u4fe1\uff0c\u552f\u5229\u4e4b\u6c42\uff0c\u5185\u5219\u4e0d\u60ee\u8bc8\u5176\u6c11\u800c\u6c42\u5c0f\u5229\u7109\uff0c\u5916\u5219\u4e0d\u60ee\u8bc8\u5176\u4e0e\u800c\u6c42\u5927\u5229\u7109\uff0c\u5185\u4e0d\u4fee\u6b63\u5176\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\uff0c\u7136\u5e38\u6b32\u4eba\u4e4b\u6709\uff0c\u5982\u662f\uff0c\u5219\u81e3\u4e0b\u767e\u59d3\u83ab\u4e0d\u4ee5\u8bc8\u5fc3\u5f85\u5176\u4e0a\u77e3\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn87\" name=\"_ftnref87\">[87]<\/a> \u4f46\u5bf9\u516c\u5229\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5bf9\u79c1\u5229\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u516c\u5229\u4e0e\u79c1\u5229\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\uff1a\u5b8c\u5168\u5bf9\u7acb\uff1b\u90e8\u5206\u5bf9\u7acb\u6216\u8005\u90e8\u5206\u4e00\u81f4\uff1b\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5b5f\u5b50\u5bf9\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u8bf4\u201c\u4f55\u5fc5\u66f0\u5229\uff1f\u4ea6\u6709\u4ec1\u4e49\u800c\u5df2\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u800c\u5bc4\u5e0c\u671b\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u552f\u4ec1\u4e49\u4e43\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u738b\u5929\u4e0b\u201d\u3002\u516c\u6b63\u6027\u51c6\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u662f\u516c\u6b63\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u552f\u6709\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u969c\u516c\u5229\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u51c6\u5219<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u539f\u5219\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u51c6\u5219\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u300a\u5b54\u5b50\u5bb6\u8bed\u00b7\u6267\u8f94\u300b\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u9f50\u4e94\u6cd5\uff0c\u2026\u2026 \u4ee5\u4e4b\u793c\u5219\u56fd\u5b89\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e4b\u4e49\u5219\u56fd\u4e49\u201d\uff1b\u738b\u8083\u6ce8\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\uff0c\u5e73\u4e5f\u3002\u5211\u7f5a\u5f53\u7f6a\u5219\u56fd\u5e73\u201d\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u5e73\u201d\u5b57\u65e2\u6709\uff08\u56fd\u5bb6\uff09\u5e73\u5b89\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\uff08\u793c\u4e49\uff09\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u5211\u7f5a\u7684\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5e73\u5b89\u3002\u8c08\u53ca\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u53e4\u4eba\u7ecf\u5e38\u4ee5\u6c34\u4e3a\u55bb\uff0c\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u5ba5\u5750\u300b\u8f7d\u5b54\u5b50\u8bed\uff1a\u201c\u592b\u6c34\uff0c\u5927\u904d\u4e0e\u8bf8\u751f\u800c\u65e0\u4e3a\u4e5f\uff0c\u4f3c\u5fb7\uff1b\u5176\u6d41\u4e5f\u57e4\u4e0b\uff0c\u88fe\u62d8\u5fc5\u5faa\u5176\u7406\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e49\uff1b\u2026\u2026 \u4e3b\u91cf\u5fc5\u5e73\uff0c\u4f3c\u6cd5\uff1b\u76c8\u4e0d\u6c42\u6982\uff0c\u4f3c\u6b63\uff1b\u2026\u2026 \u662f\u6545\u541b\u5b50\u89c1\u5927\u6c34\u5fc5\u89c2\u7109\u3002\u201d\u800c\u300a\u7ba1\u5b50\u00b7\u6c34\u5730\u300b\u4e5f\u4ee5\u6c34\u4e3a\u55bb\uff1a\u201c\u592b\u6c34\u2026\u2026\u91cf\u4e4b\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f7f\u6982\uff0c\u81f3\u6ee1\u800c\u6b62\uff0c\u6b63\u4e5f\uff1b\u552f\u65e0\u4e0d\u6d41\uff0c\u81f3\u5e73\u800c\u6b62\uff0c\u4e49\u4e5f\u3002\u2026\u2026 \u662f\u4ee5\u6c34\u8005\uff0c\u4e07\u7269\u4e4b\u51c6\u4e5f\uff0c\u8bf8\u751f\u4e4b\u6de1\u4e5f\uff0c\u8fdd\u975e\u5f97\u5931\u4e4b\u8d28\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u8340\u5b50\u660e\u786e\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u516c\u5e73\u201d\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff1a\u201c\u516c\u5e73\u8005\uff0c\u804c\u4e4b\u8861\u4e5f\uff1b\u4e2d\u548c\u8005\uff0c\u542c\u4e4b\u7ef3\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn88\" name=\"_ftnref88\">[88]<\/a> \u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u8981\u6c42\u201c\u5e73\u653f\u7231\u6c11\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5e73\u6b63\u548c\u6c11\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u541b\u4eba\u8005\u6b32\u5b89\uff0c\u5219\u83ab\u82e5\u5e73\u653f\u7231\u6c11\u77e3\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u5211\u653f\u5e73\uff0c\u767e\u59d3\u548c\uff0c\u56fd\u4fd7\u8282\uff0c\u5219\u5175\u52b2\u57ce\u56fa\uff0c\u654c\u56fd\u6848\u81ea\u8bce\u77e3\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn89\" name=\"_ftnref89\">[89]<\/a>\uff1b\u201c\u5e73\u6b63\u548c\u6c11\u4e4b\u5584\uff0c\u4ebf\u4e07\u4e4b\u4f17\u800c\u535a\uff08\u629f\uff09\u82e5\u4e00\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u662f\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u8c13\u5723\u4eba\u77e3\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn90\" name=\"_ftnref90\">[90]<\/a>\uff1b\u201c\u5211\u653f\u5e73\u800c\u767e\u59d3\u5f52\u4e4b\uff0c\u793c\u4e49\u5907\u800c\u541b\u5b50\u5f52\u4e4b\uff0c\u6545\u793c\u53ca\u8eab\u800c\u884c\u4fee\uff0c\u4e49\u53ca\u56fd\u800c\u653f\u660e\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn91\" name=\"_ftnref91\">[91]<\/a>\uff1b\u201c\u5e73\u653f\u4ee5\u9f50\u6c11\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u8f7b\u7530\u91ce\u4e4b\u7a0e\uff0c\u5e73\u5173\u5e02\u4e4b\u5f81\uff0c\u7701\u5546\u8d3e\u4e4b\u6570\uff0c\u7f55\u5174\u529b\u5f79\uff0c\u65e0\u593a\u519c\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u662f\uff0c\u5219\u56fd\u5bcc\u77e3\uff0c\u592b\u662f\u4e4b\u8c13\u4ee5\u653f\u88d5\u6c11\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn92\" name=\"_ftnref92\">[92]<\/a>\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff1a\u201c\u51e1\u53e4\u4eca\u5929\u4e0b\u4e4b\u6240\u8c13\u5584\u8005\uff0c\u6b63\u7406\u5e73\u6cbb\u4e5f\uff1b\u6240\u8c13\u6076\u8005\uff0c\u504f\u9669\u6096\u4e71\u4e5f\u3002\u662f\u5584\u6076\u4e4b\u5206\u4e5f\u5df2\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn93\" name=\"_ftnref93\">[93]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5929\u4e0b\u83ab\u4e0d\u5e73\u5747\uff0c\u83ab\u4e0d\u6cbb\u8fa8\uff0c\u662f\u767e\u738b\u4e4b\u6240\u540c\u4e5f\uff0c\u800c\u793c\u6cd5\u4e4b\u5927\u5206\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn94\" name=\"_ftnref94\">[94]<\/a> \u4f46\u8fd9\u91cc\u610f\u6307\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u201c\u5e73\u5747\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5e73\u5747\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u3002\u5982\u8340\u5b50\u8bf4\uff1a\u516c\u5e73\u4e43\u662f\u201c\u7fa4\u5c45\u548c\u4e00\u4e4b\u9053\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u4ec1\u4eba\u5728\u4e0a\uff0c\u5219\u519c\u4ee5\u529b\u5c3d\u7530\uff0c\u8d3e\u4ee5\u5bdf\u5c3d\u8d22\uff0c\u767e\u5de5\u4ee5\u5de7\u5c3d\u68b0\u5668\uff0c\u58eb\u5927\u592b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u81f3\u4e8e\u516c\u4faf\u83ab\u4e0d\u4ee5\u4ec1\u539a\u77e5\u80fd\u5c3d\u5b98\u804c\uff0c\u592b\u662f\u4e4b\u8c13\u81f3\u5e73\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn95\" name=\"_ftnref95\">[95]<\/a> \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u516c\u5e73\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5e73\u5747\u201d\u662f\u6307\u7684\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u5206\u5de5\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u5b54\u5b50\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u60a3\u5be1\u800c\u60a3\u4e0d\u5747\uff0c\u4e0d\u60a3\u8d2b\u800c\u60a3\u4e0d\u5b89\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn96\" name=\"_ftnref96\">[96]<\/a>\uff0c\u4e5f\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5e73\u5747\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\uff0c\u516c\u6b63\u662f\u5bf9\u7fa4\u4f53\u516c\u5229\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u516c\u5e73\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8005\u79c1\u5229\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u79c1\u5229\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u4e0e\u516c\u5229\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e2a\u4eba\u9690\u79c1\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5219\u662f\u4e0e\u516c\u5229\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8ffd\u6c42\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6d89\u53ca\u516c\u5171\u9886\u57df\u3002\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u51c6\u5219\u6240\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4e43\u662f\u540e\u8005\u3002\u4f9d\u636e\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u51c6\u5219\u6240\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u79c1\u5229\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4fdd\u969c\u79c1\u5229\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5bf9\u516c\u6b63\u6027\u4e0e\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u539f\u5219\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff1a\u4ec1\u7231\u65e2\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u6e0a\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u4fdd\u969c\uff1a\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4ec1\u7231\u60c5\u611f\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u2014\u2014\u5dee\u7b49\u4e4b\u7231\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u63a8\u6269\u201d\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u4e00\u4f53\u4e4b\u4ec1\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6ea5\u535a\u201d\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u624d\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4ed6\u8005\u79c1\u5229\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u516c\u5229\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u9002\u5b9c\u6027\u539f\u5219<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u539f\u5219\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u987b\u6709\u9002\u5b9c\u6027\u539f\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u6b63\u5982\u8521\u6c88\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u7406\u4e4b\u5f53\u7136\u3001\u884c\u800c\u5b9c\u4e4b\u4e4b\u8c13\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn97\" name=\"_ftnref97\">[97]<\/a>\u201c\u7406\u4e4b\u5f53\u7136\u201d\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u884c\u800c\u5b9c\u4e4b\u201d\u5219\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u9002\u5b9c\u6027\u3002\u97e9\u6108\u4e5f\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u535a\u7231\u4e4b\u8c13\u4ec1\uff0c\u884c\u800c\u5b9c\u4e4b\u4e4b\u8c13\u4e49\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn98\" name=\"_ftnref98\">[98]<\/a> \u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a\u4ec1\u7231\u7684\u201c\u63a8\u6269\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6ea5\u535a\u201d\u53ea\u662f\u5efa\u6784\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5145\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6761\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u9002\u5b9c\u6027\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9002\u5b9c\u6027\u539f\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u5efa\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u662f\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u3002\u201c\u9002\u5b9c\u201d\u4e5f\u662f\u6c49\u8bed\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u8bed\u4e49\u3002\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u4e2d\u5eb8\u300b\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5b9c\u4e5f\u201d\uff1b\u5b54\u9896\u8fbe\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5b9c\u8c13\u4e8e\u4e8b\u5f97\u5b9c\u201d\u3002\u300a\u5927\u6234\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u66fe\u5b50\u5927\u5b5d\u300b\u4e5f\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u5b9c\u6b64\u8005\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn99\" name=\"_ftnref99\">[99]<\/a>\u300a\u6cd5\u8a00\u00b7\u91cd\u9ece\u300b\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e8b\u5f97\u5176\u5b9c\u4e4b\u8c13\u4e49\u3002\u201d\u5b54\u5b50\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u4e49\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8d28\uff0c\u793c\u4ee5\u884c\u4e4b\u201d\uff0c\u7687\u4f83\u89e3\u91ca\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\uff0c\u5b9c\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn100\" name=\"_ftnref100\">[100]<\/a> \u5b54\u5b50\u5021\u5bfc\u201c\u52a1\u6c11\u4e4b\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u6731\u71b9\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\uff1a\u201c\u4e13\u7528\u529b\u4e8e\u4eba\u9053\u4e4b\u6240\u5b9c\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn101\" name=\"_ftnref101\">[101]<\/a> \u4f8b\u5982\u5173\u4e8e\u5211\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u300a\u5468\u6613\u00b7\u7cfb\u8f9e\u4e0b\u4f20\u300b\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7981\u6c11\u4e3a\u975e\u66f0\u4e49\u201d\uff1b\u5b54\u9896\u8fbe\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\uff0c\u5b9c\u4e5f\uff0c\u8a00\u4ee5\u6b64\u884c\u4e4b\u800c\u5f97\u5176\u5b9c\u4e5f\u201d\u3002\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u4ea6\u4f5c\u201c\u8c0a\u201d\uff0c\u8bb8\u614e\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u201c\u8c0a\uff0c\u4eba\u6240\u5b9c\u4e5f\u3002\u4ece\u8a00\u3001\u4ece\u5b9c\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn102\" name=\"_ftnref102\">[102]<\/a> \u6bb5\u7389\u88c1\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5468\u65f6\u4f5c\u8c0a\uff0c\u4eca\u65f6\u4f5c\u4e49\uff0c\u7686\u4eca\u4e4b\u2018\u4ec1\u4e49\u2019\u5b57\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn103\" name=\"_ftnref103\">[103]<\/a>\u300a\u91ca\u540d\u00b7\u91ca\u8a00\u8bed\u300b\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8c0a\uff0c\u5b9c\u4e5f\uff0c\u88c1\u5236\u4e8b\u7269\u4f7f\u5408\u5b9c\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn104\" name=\"_ftnref104\">[104]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u7684\u9002\u5b9c\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u67d0\u79cd\u73b0\u5b58\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u4eba\u4eec\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u60c5\u5883\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9002\u5b9c\u6027\u539f\u5219\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u7ecf\u4e0e\u6743\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5e38\u4e0e\u53d8\u201d\u7684\u6743\u5b9c\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u201c\u9002\u5b9c\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u6743\u5b9c\u201d\uff08expedience\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5b5f\u5b50\u8c08\u5230\u7684\u201c\u7537\u5973\u6388\u53d7\u4e0d\u4eb2\uff0c\u793c\u4e5f\uff1b\u5ac2\u6eba\u63f4\u4e4b\u4ee5\u624b\uff0c\u6743\u4e5f\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn105\" name=\"_ftnref105\">[105]<\/a>\uff0c\u90a3\u5e76\u975e\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u6240\u8981\u8ffd\u95ee\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u7537\u5973\u6388\u53d7\u4e0d\u4eb2\u201d\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5426\u9002\u5b9c\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c4\u8303\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0b\u662f\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0b\u5219\u672a\u5fc5\u662f\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\uff1a\u4eca\u5929\u4e00\u822c\u7537\u5973\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u808c\u80a4\u4e4b\u4eb2\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u63e1\u624b\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u62e5\u62b1\u3001\u4eb2\u543b\uff0c\u672a\u5fc5\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u975e\u793c\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9002\u5b9c\u6027\u539f\u5219\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u51c6\u5219\uff1a\u5386\u65f6\u6027\u7684\u65f6\u5b9c\u3001\u5171\u65f6\u6027\u7684\u5730\u5b9c\u3002\u300a\u5e84\u5b50\u00b7\u79cb\u6c34\u300b\u5c1d\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u5f53\u5176\u65f6\u3001\u987a\u5176\u4fd7\u8005\uff0c\u8c13\u4e4b\u4e49\u5f92\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn106\" name=\"_ftnref106\">[106]<\/a>\u201c\u5f53\u5176\u65f6\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u65f6\u5b9c\uff0c\u201c\u987a\u5176\u4fd7\u201d\u5219\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u5730\u5b9c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u6027\u7684\u9002\u5b9c\uff1a\u5730\u5b9c\u6027\u51c6\u5219<\/p>\n<p>\u6c49\u8bed\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u8c13\u5730\u5b9c\uff0c\u7531\u6765\u5df2\u4e45\u3002\u300a\u9038\u5468\u4e66\u00b7\u6b66\u987a\u300b\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5730\u9053\u66f0\u4e49\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn107\" name=\"_ftnref107\">[107]<\/a> \u8fd9\u5c31\u6b63\u5982\u300a\u5468\u6613\u00b7\u7cfb\u8f9e\u4e0b\u4f20\u300b\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u89c2\u2026\u2026\u5730\u4e4b\u5b9c\u3002\u201d\u300a\u5de6\u4f20\u00b7\u662d\u516c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u300b\u5f15\u5b50\u4ea7\u8bed\uff1a\u201c\u592b\u793c\uff0c\u5929\u4e4b\u7ecf\u4e5f\uff0c\u5730\u4e4b\u4e49\u4e5f\uff0c\u6c11\u4e4b\u884c\u4e5f\u201d\uff1b\u5b54\u9896\u8fbe\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\uff0c\u5b9c\u4e5f\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u4e5f\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u5730\u5b9c\u3002\u5b5f\u5b50\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u5730\u5229\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn108\" name=\"_ftnref108\">[108]<\/a>\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u8bb2\u5730\u5b9c\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u5fc5\u987b\u56e0\u5730\u5236\u5b9c\u3002\u6b64\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5730\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6307\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u7406\uff08natural geography\uff09\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u6307\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u5730\u7406\uff08human geography\uff09\u6216\u6587\u5316\u5730\u7406\uff08cultural geography\uff09\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6307\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5730\u57df\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u7a76\u7adf\u4f7f\u7528\u7b77\u5b50\u8fd8\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u53c9\u5b50\u624d\u662f\u6b63\u5f53\u7684\u8fdb\u98df\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1f\u5176\u56de\u7b54\u663e\u7136\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5730\u5b9c\uff0c\u5373\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u996e\u98df\u6587\u5316\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u663e\u7136\u662f\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u56fd\u5bb6\u201d\uff08nation\uff09\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5386\u65f6\u6027\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\u88ab\u6536\u6444\u4e8e\u5171\u65f6\u6027\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5730\u5b9c\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5168\u7403\u5316\u6240\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u672a\u6765\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u201c\u8d8b\u540c\u201d\u56fe\u666f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u6cef\u706d\u5730\u5b9c\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u7684\u9002\u5b9c\uff1a\u65f6\u5b9c\u6027\u51c6\u5219<\/p>\n<p>\u6c49\u8bed\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u8c13\u65f6\u5b9c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u6765\u5df2\u4e45\u7684\u3002\u300a\u5468\u6613\u00b7\u5f56\u4f20\u300b\u5c61\u5c61\u7533\u8bf4\u201c\u65f6\u4e49\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u65f6\u5b9c\u201d\u3002\u300a\u5c1a\u4e66\u300b\u8bb0\u6b66\u738b\u5728\u4f10\u6bb7\u8a93\u5e08\u65f6\u8c08\u5230\u201c\u5929\u4f51\u4e0b\u6c11\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e4b\u541b\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e4b\u5e08\u201d\uff0c\u5f15\u8bc1\u53e4\u8bed\u201c\u540c\u5fb7\u5ea6\u4e49\u201d\uff1b\u8521\u6c88\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\uff0c\u5b9c\u4e5f\uff0c\u5236\u4e8b\u8fbe\u65f6\u4e4b\u5b9c\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn109\" name=\"_ftnref109\">[109]<\/a>\u300a\u5de6\u4f20\u00b7\u6210\u516c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\u300b\u8bb0\u8f7d\u7533\u53d4\u65f6\u4e4b\u8bed\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\u4ee5\u5efa\u5229\uff0c\u793c\u4ee5\u987a\u65f6\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ee5\u5b88\u7269\u3002\u6c11\u751f\u539a\u800c\u5fb7\u6b63\uff0c\u7528\u5229\u800c\u4e8b\u8282\uff0c\u65f6\u987a\u800c\u7269\u6210\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u548c\u7766\uff0c\u5468\u65cb\u4e0d\u9006\uff0c\u6c42\u65e0\u4e0d\u5177\uff0c\u5404\u77e5\u5176\u6781\u3002\u201d\u90d1\u7384\u6ce8\u300a\u5468\u793c\u00b7\u5730\u5b98\u00b7\u5927\u53f8\u5f92\u300b\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\uff0c\u80fd\u65ad\u65f6\u5b9c\u3002\u201d\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u7531\u4ec1\u7231\u800c\u5bfc\u5411\u65f6\u5b9c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u4e2d\u5eb8\u300b\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6ea5\u535a\u6e0a\u6cc9\uff0c\u800c\u65f6\u51fa\u4e4b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5efa\u6784\u5fc5\u987b\u56e0\u65f6\u5236\u5b9c\u3002\u6b64\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u65f6\u201d\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\uff1a\u65f6\u4ee3\u3001\u65f6\u671f\u3001\u65f6\u8282\u3001\u65f6\u5206\u3001\u65f6\u523b\u3001\u65f6\u52bf\u3001\u65f6\u5c40\u3001\u65f6\u673a\u3001\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u65f6\u4ee3\u548c\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5386\u53f2\u88ab\u533a\u5206\u4e3a\u82e5\u5e72\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u65f6\u4ee3\u88ab\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u82e5\u5e72\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u627f\u8ba4\u67d0\u79cd\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u201d\u3001\u201c\u53d1\u5c55\u201d\u4e43\u81f3\u201c\u8fdb\u6b65\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u5fc5\u7136\u627f\u8ba4\u201c\u65f6\u5b9c\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u6240\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u6240\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5c31\u4e2d\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u770b\uff0c\u738b\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\u66fe\u7ecf\u662f\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u3001\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\uff1b\u7687\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\u4e5f\u66fe\u662f\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u3001\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\uff1b\u6c11\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5c06\u662f\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u3001\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5b54\u5b50\u5173\u4e8e\u793c\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\u201c\u635f\u76ca\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5730\u5b9c\u6027\u51c6\u5219\u548c\u65f6\u5b9c\u6027\u51c6\u5219\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u9002\u5b9c\u6027\u539f\u5219\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u4e00\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u6027\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u5219\u5fc5\u987b\u843d\u5b9e\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u9002\u5b9c\u6027\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u516c\u6b63\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u662f\u5408\u4e4e\u5730\u5b9c\u3001\u5408\u4e4e\u65f6\u5b9c\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u516c\u5229\u548c\u79c1\u5229\u7684\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u7a7a\u95f4\u6027\u3001\u975e\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5171\u65f6\u5dee\u5f02\u3001\u5386\u65f6\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u610f\u5728\u6307\u660e\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u6216\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u201c\u793c\u201d\u6216\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u516b\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u4e50\u2014\u2014\u548c\u8c10<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5efa\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u76ee\u7684\uff1b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u7531\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u6240\u4fdd\u969c\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u5047\u5982\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5e78\u798f\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u4e43\u662f\u548c\u8c10\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u548c\u8c10\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5e78\u798f\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u603b\u662f\u5c06\u201c\u793c\u201d\u201c\u4e50\u201d\u76f8\u63d0\u5e76\u8bba\uff1a\u65e2\u7136\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u8087\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0d\u96be\u60f3\u5230\u201c\u548c\u8c10\u201d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u88ab\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u201c\u793c\u4e50\u201d\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u4e50\u201d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u201c\u548c\u201d\u3001\u5373\u548c\u8c10\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u6700\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u67b6\u6784\u5e94\u4e3a\uff1a\u4ec1\u2192\u5229\u2192\u667a\u2192\u4e49\u2192\u77e5\u2192\u793c\u2192\u4e50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u4ece\u5468\u516c\u201c\u5236\u793c\u4f5c\u4e50\u201d\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u88ab\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\u201c\u793c\u4e50\u201d\u6587\u5316\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5174\u4e8e\u8bd7\uff0c\u7acb\u4e8e\u793c\uff0c\u6210\u4e8e\u4e50\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn110\" name=\"_ftnref110\">[110]<\/a> \u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u8bd7\u6307\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u6e90\u7684\u4ec1\u7231\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u663e\u73b0\uff1b\u793c\u6307\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5efa\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ee5\u5dee\u7b49\u4e4b\u7231\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\uff1b\u4e50\u6307\u672c\u6e90\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u590d\u5f52\uff0c\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u4f53\u4e4b\u4ec1\u7684\u5883\u754c\u3002\u6709\u5b50\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u793c\u4e4b\u7528\uff0c\u548c\u4e3a\u8d35\u3002\u2026\u2026 \u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u77e5\u548c\u800c\u548c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u793c\u8282\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn111\" name=\"_ftnref111\">[111]<\/a> \u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\u3002\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u201c\u4e50\u201d\uff08l\u00e8\uff09\uff0c\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u201c\u4e50\u201d\uff08yu\u00e8\uff09\uff1a\u6b64\u5373\u8340\u5b50\u6240\u8c13\uff1a\u201c\u4e50\u8005\uff0c\u4e50\u4e5f\u3002\u541b\u5b50\u4e50\u5f97\u5176\u9053\uff0c\u5c0f\u4eba\u4e50\u5f97\u5176\u6b32\u3002\u4ee5\u9053\u5236\u6b32\uff0c\u5219\u4e50\u800c\u4e0d\u4e71\uff1b\u4ee5\u6b32\u5fd8\u9053\uff0c\u5219\u60d1\u800c\u4e0d\u4e50\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn112\" name=\"_ftnref112\">[112]<\/a> \u6b64\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u9053\u201d\u4e43\u6307\u6b63\u9053\u3001\u9053\u4e49\u3001\u6b63\u4e49\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u201c\u793c\u2014\u4e50\u201d\u4e43\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u5dee\u5f02\u2014\u548c\u8c10\u3002\u548c\u8c10\u4ee5\u5dee\u5f02\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u5dee\u5f02\u4ee5\u548c\u8c10\u4e3a\u65e8\u5f52\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4e50\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u793c\u522b\u5f02\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn113\" name=\"_ftnref113\">[113]<\/a> \u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1a\u793c\u4ee5\u522b\u5f02\uff0c\u4e50\u4ee5\u548c\u540c\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u7279\u610f\u8457\u6709\u300a\u4e50\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u4e50\u8005\uff0c\u5929\u4e0b\u4e4b\u5927\u9f50\u4e5f\uff0c\u4e2d\u548c\u4e4b\u7eaa\u4e5f\uff0c\u4eba\u60c5\u4e4b\u6240\u5fc5\u4e0d\u514d\u4e5f\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u592b\u6c11\u6709\u597d\u6076\u4e4b\u60c5\u800c\u65e0\u559c\u6012\u4e4b\u5e94\u5219\u4e71\uff0c\u5148\u738b\u6076\u5176\u4e71\u4e5f\uff0c\u6545\u4fee\u5176\u884c\uff0c\u6b63\u5176\u4e50\uff0c\u800c\u5929\u4e0b\u987a\u7109\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u4e50\u8005\uff0c\u5723\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4e50\u4e5f\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5584\u6c11\u5fc3\uff0c\u5176\u611f\u4eba\u6df1\uff0c\u5176\u79fb\u98ce\u6613\u4fd7\uff0c\u6545\u5148\u738b\u5bfc\u4e4b\u4ee5\u793c\u4e50\uff0c\u800c\u6c11\u548c\u7766\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u4e50\u4e2d\u5e73\uff0c\u5219\u6c11\u548c\u800c\u4e0d\u6d41\uff1b\u4e50\u8083\u5e84\uff0c\u5219\u6c11\u9f50\u800c\u4e0d\u4e71\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5b97\u6cd5\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u4e50\u5728\u5b97\u5e99\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u541b\u81e3\u4e0a\u4e0b\u540c\u542c\u4e4b\uff0c\u5219\u83ab\u4e0d\u548c\u656c\uff1b\u95fa\u95e8\u4e4b\u5185\uff0c\u7236\u5b50\u5144\u5f1f\u540c\u542c\u4e4b\uff0c\u5219\u83ab\u4e0d\u548c\u4eb2\uff1b\u4e61\u91cc\u65cf\u957f\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u957f\u5c11\u540c\u542c\u4e4b\uff0c\u5219\u83ab\u4e0d\u548c\u987a\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u5f97\u51fa\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u5e8f\u5217\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u4ec1 \u2192 \u5229 \u2192 \u667a \u2192 \u4e49 \u2192 \u77e5 \u2192 \u793c \u2192 \u4e50<\/p>\n<p>\u4ec1\u7231\u2192\u5229\u76ca\u2192\u826f\u77e5\u2192\u6b63\u4e49\u2192\u7406\u667a\u2192\u89c4\u8303\u2192\u548c\u8c10<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u5168\u6587\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e90\u8fdc\u6d41\u957f\u3001\u800c\u88ab\u73b0\u4ee3\u5b66\u672f\u957f\u4e45\u9057\u5fd8\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u6c49\u8bed\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u4e0e\u897f\u8bed\u201cjustice\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u53ef\u5bf9\u5e94\u6027\u548c\u975e\u7b49\u540c\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u4e3a\u4e2d\u897f\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4e0e\u6bd4\u8f83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u662f\u793c\u7684\u201c\u635f\u76ca\u201d\u6839\u636e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u8d56\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u89c4\u8303\u5efa\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u8bba\u57df\u662f\u5229\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u7531\u4ec1\u7231\u4e2d\u7684\u5dee\u7b49\u4e4b\u7231\u6240\u5bfc\u6e90\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\u540c\u662f\u4ec1\u7231\u4e2d\u7684\u7531\u63a8\u6269\u800c\u6ea5\u535a\u7684\u4e00\u4f53\u4e4b\u4ec1\u5374\u6b63\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u5373\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5bf9\u4ed6\u8005\u79c1\u5229\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u516c\u5229\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e24\u6761\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u539f\u5219\uff08\u516c\u6b63\u6027\u51c6\u5219\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u51c6\u5219\uff09\uff1b\u9002\u5b9c\u6027\u539f\u5219\uff08\u5730\u5b9c\u6027\u51c6\u5219\u3001\u65f6\u5b9c\u6027\u51c6\u5219\uff09\u3002\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u611f\u7684\u81ea\u89c9\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u4e49\u611f\u5219\u662f\u5728\u5f53\u4e0b\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6216\u826f\u77e5\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u5efa\u6784\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u7406\u667a\u6216\u7406\u6027\u3002\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u662f\u793c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u793c\u4e50\uff0c\u5373\u5dee\u5f02\u548c\u8c10\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u300b\uff1a\u738b\u5148\u8c26\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u96c6\u89e3\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u65b0\u7f16\u8bf8\u5b50\u96c6\u6210\u300b\u672c\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401988\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u9ec4\u7389\u987a\uff1a\u300a\u7231\u4e0e\u601d\u2014\u2014\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u300b\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\uff1a\u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2006\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8bb2\u7b2c\u4e00\u8282\u201c\u7b49\u540c\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5e94\uff1a\u5b9a\u540d\u4e0e\u865a\u4f4d\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>\u300a\u97e9\u975e\u5b50\u300b\uff1a\u300a\u8bf8\u5b50\u96c6\u6210\u300b\u672c\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401957\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u300b\uff1a\u300a\u5341\u4e09\u7ecf\u6ce8\u758f\u00b7\u793c\u8bb0\u6b63\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401980\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a>\u300a\u5de6\u4f20\u300b\uff1a\u300a\u5341\u4e09\u7ecf\u6ce8\u758f\u00b7\u6625\u79cb\u5de6\u4f20\u6ce8\u758f\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401980\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u300b\uff1a\u300a\u5341\u4e09\u7ecf\u6ce8\u758f\u00b7\u8bba\u8bed\u6ce8\u758f\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401980\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a>\u300a\u6dee\u5357\u5b50\u300b\uff1a\u300a\u8bf8\u5b50\u96c6\u6210\u300b\u672c\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401957\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a>\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u300b\uff1a\u300a\u5341\u4e09\u7ecf\u6ce8\u758f\u00b7\u5b5f\u5b50\u6ce8\u758f\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401980\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u6731\u71b9\uff1a\u300a\u56db\u4e66\u96c6\u6ce8\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401983\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a>\u300a\u56fd\u8bed\u300b\uff1a\u97e6\u662d\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e1988\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a>\u300a\u5b54\u5b50\u5bb6\u8bed\u300b\uff1a\u738b\u8083\u6ce8\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e1990\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a>\u300a\u7ba1\u5b50\u300b\uff1a\u90ed\u6cab\u82e5\u7b49\u300a\u7ba1\u5b50\u96c6\u6821\u300b\u672c\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1956\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a>\u300a\u767d\u864e\u901a\u4e49\u300b\uff1a\u300a\u767d\u864e\u901a\u758f\u8bc1\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u65b0\u7f16\u8bf8\u5b50\u96c6\u6210\u300b\u672c\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401994\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a>\u300a\u6c49\u4e66\u300b\uff1a\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401962\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u8521\u6c88\uff1a\u300a\u4e66\u7ecf\u96c6\u4f20\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u56db\u4e66\u4e94\u7ecf\u300b\u672c\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e66\u5e97\u636e\u4e16\u754c\u4e66\u5c40\u5f71\u5370\u672c1985\u5e74\u7b2c2\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a>\u300a\u5415\u6c0f\u6625\u79cb\u300b\uff1a\u300a\u8bf8\u5b50\u96c6\u6210\u300b\u672c\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401957\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a>\u300a\u5468\u6613\u300b\uff1a\u300a\u5341\u4e09\u7ecf\u6ce8\u758f\u00b7\u5468\u6613\u6b63\u4e49\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401980\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a>\u300a\u58a8\u5b50\u300b\uff1a\u5b59\u8bd2\u8ba9\u300a\u58a8\u5b50\u95f2\u8bc2\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c402001\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u536b\u7075\u516c\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u8bb8\u614e\uff1a\u300a\u8bf4\u6587\u89e3\u5b57\u00b7\u793a\u90e8\u300b.\u300a\u8bf4\u6587\u89e3\u5b57\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401963\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> \u8bb8\u614e\uff1a\u300a\u8bf4\u6587\u89e3\u5b57\u00b7\u8c4a\u90e8\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a>\u300a\u5de6\u4f20\u00b7\u6210\u516c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a>\u300a\u5de6\u4f20\u00b7\u6587\u516c\u4e8c\u5e74\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u4e3a\u653f\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u738b\u7d20\uff1a\u300a\u5510\u5199\u672c\u3008\u8bba\u8bed\u90d1\u6c0f\u6ce8\u3009\u53ca\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u6587\u7269\u51fa\u7248\u793e1991\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c14\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a>\u300a\u5468\u793c\u300b\uff1a\u300a\u5341\u4e09\u7ecf\u6ce8\u758f\u00b7\u5468\u793c\u6ce8\u758f\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401980\u5e74\u5f71\u5370\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u989c\u6e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u4e3a\u653f\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u91cc\u4ec1\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> \u6731\u71b9\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u96c6\u6ce8\u00b7\u91cc\u4ec1\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u5fae\u5b50\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u5b50\u7f55\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u4e3a\u653f\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> \u6731\u71b9\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u96c6\u6ce8\u00b7\u4e3a\u653f\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a>\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u79bb\u5a04\u4e0b\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> \u7f57\u5c14\u65af\uff1a\u300a\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1988\u5e74\u7b2c1\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c4-5\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> \u7126\u5faa\uff1a\u300a\u6613\u7ae0\u53e5\u300b\uff0c\u6e05\u5609\u5e86\u6c5f\u90fd\u7126\u6c0f\u300a\u96d5\u83f0\u697c\u6613\u5b66\u300b\u523b\u672c\uff0c\u300a\u7126\u6c0f\u4e1b\u4e66\u300b\u672c\uff1b\u300a\u96d5\u83f0\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u4e1b\u4e66\u96c6\u6210\u521d\u7f16\u672c\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401985\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a> \u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8bb8\u614e\u5c06\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u201c\u5a01\u4eea\u201d\u662f\u5e76\u4e0d\u5168\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u5a01\u4eea\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u201c\u793c\u4eea\u201d\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u793c\u4eea\u53ea\u662f\u201c\u793c\u5236\u201d\uff08\u5236\u5ea6\uff09\u7684\u5916\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u793c\u5236\u53c8\u662f\u201c\u793c\u4e49\u201d\uff08\u6b63\u4e49\uff09\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5a01\u4eea\u53ea\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u611f\u7684\u4eea\u6001\u5316\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a>\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u4e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a>\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u4e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u793c\u8bba\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\">[42]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u6027\u6076\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\">[43]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u91cc\u4ec1\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\">[44]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u8ff0\u800c\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\">[45]<\/a>\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u4e07\u7ae0\u4e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\">[46]<\/a>\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u5c3d\u5fc3\u4e0b\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref47\" name=\"_ftn47\">[47]<\/a>\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u5c3d\u5fc3\u4e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref48\" name=\"_ftn48\">[48]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u536b\u7075\u516c\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref49\" name=\"_ftn49\">[49]<\/a> \u7f57\u5c14\u65af\uff1a\u300a\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c253\u3001185\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref50\" name=\"_ftn50\">[50]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u5112\u6548\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref51\" name=\"_ftn51\">[51]<\/a>\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u5c3d\u5fc3\u4e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref52\" name=\"_ftn52\">[52]<\/a> \u626c\u96c4\uff1a\u300a\u6cd5\u8a00\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u8bf8\u5b50\u96c6\u6210\u300b\u672c\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401957\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref53\" name=\"_ftn53\">[53]<\/a>\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u79bb\u5a04\u4e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref54\" name=\"_ftn54\">[54]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u96cd\u4e5f\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref55\" name=\"_ftn55\">[55]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u989c\u6e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref56\" name=\"_ftn56\">[56]<\/a>\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u516c\u5b59\u4e11\u4e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref57\" name=\"_ftn57\">[57]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u5b66\u800c\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref58\" name=\"_ftn58\">[58]<\/a> \u97e9\u6108\uff1a\u300a\u539f\u9053\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u97e9\u660c\u9ece\u6587\u96c6\u6821\u6ce8\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e1986\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref59\" name=\"_ftn59\">[59]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u8363\u8fb1\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref60\" name=\"_ftn60\">[60]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u6b63\u540d\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref61\" name=\"_ftn61\">[61]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u89e3\u853d\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref62\" name=\"_ftn62\">[62]<\/a> \u5148\u79e6\u5e76\u65e0\u201c\u667a\u201d\u5b57\uff0c\u800c\u5199\u4f5c\u201c\u77e5\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref63\" name=\"_ftn63\">[63]<\/a>\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u5c3d\u5fc3\u4e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref64\" name=\"_ftn64\">[64]<\/a>\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u5c3d\u5fc3\u4e0b\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref65\" name=\"_ftn65\">[65]<\/a>\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u5c3d\u5fc3\u4e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref66\" name=\"_ftn66\">[66]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u5baa\u95ee\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref67\" name=\"_ftn67\">[67]<\/a>\u300a\u56fd\u8bed\u00b7\u5434\u8bed\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref68\" name=\"_ftn68\">[68]<\/a> \u6731\u71b9\uff1a\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u96c6\u6ce8\u00b7\u5c3d\u5fc3\u4e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref69\" name=\"_ftn69\">[69]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u8d4b\u7bc7\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref70\" name=\"_ftn70\">[70]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u5b66\u800c\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref71\" name=\"_ftn71\">[71]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u989c\u6e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref72\" name=\"_ftn72\">[72]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u529d\u5b66\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref73\" name=\"_ftn73\">[73]<\/a>\u300a\u8bae\u5175\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref74\" name=\"_ftn74\">[74]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u5bcc\u56fd\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref75\" name=\"_ftn75\">[75]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u89e3\u853d\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref76\" name=\"_ftn76\">[76]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u89e3\u853d\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref77\" name=\"_ftn77\">[77]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u6b63\u8bba\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref78\" name=\"_ftn78\">[78]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u4e50\u8bba\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref79\" name=\"_ftn79\">[79]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u6027\u6076\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref80\" name=\"_ftn80\">[80]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u541b\u9053\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref81\" name=\"_ftn81\">[81]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u541b\u9053\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref82\" name=\"_ftn82\">[82]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u5b50\u8def\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref83\" name=\"_ftn83\">[83]<\/a>\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u5de6\u4f20\u6ce8\u758f\u00b7\u9690\u516c\u4e09\u5e74\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref84\" name=\"_ftn84\">[84]<\/a>\u300a\u56fd\u8bed\u00b7\u664b\u8bed\u4e94\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref85\" name=\"_ftn85\">[85]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u8d4b\u7bc7\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref86\" name=\"_ftn86\">[86]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u6b63\u540d\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref87\" name=\"_ftn87\">[87]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u738b\u9738\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref88\" name=\"_ftn88\">[88]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u738b\u5236\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref89\" name=\"_ftn89\">[89]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u738b\u5236\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref90\" name=\"_ftn90\">[90]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u5112\u6548\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref91\" name=\"_ftn91\">[91]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u81f4\u4ed5\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref92\" name=\"_ftn92\">[92]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u5bcc\u56fd\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref93\" name=\"_ftn93\">[93]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u6027\u6076\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref94\" name=\"_ftn94\">[94]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u738b\u9738\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref95\" name=\"_ftn95\">[95]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u8363\u8fb1\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref96\" name=\"_ftn96\">[96]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u5b63\u6c0f\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref97\" name=\"_ftn97\">[97]<\/a> \u8521\u6c88\uff1a\u300a\u4e66\u7ecf\u96c6\u4f20\u00b7\u9ad8\u5b97\u809c\u65e5\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref98\" name=\"_ftn98\">[98]<\/a> \u97e9\u6108\uff1a\u300a\u539f\u9053\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref99\" name=\"_ftn99\">[99]<\/a>\u300a\u5927\u6234\u793c\u8bb0\u300b\uff1a\u738b\u8058\u8bca\u300a\u5927\u6234\u793c\u8bb0\u89e3\u8bc2\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401983\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref100\" name=\"_ftn100\">[100]<\/a> \u7687\u4f83\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u4e49\u758f\u00b7\u536b\u7075\u516c\u300b\u3002\u8bba\u8bed\u4e49\u758f\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u56db\u90e8\u8981\u7c4d\u4e1b\u520a\u300b\u672c\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401998\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref101\" name=\"_ftn101\">[101]<\/a> \u6731\u71b9\uff1a\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u96c6\u6ce8\u00b7\u96cd\u4e5f\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref102\" name=\"_ftn102\">[102]<\/a> \u8bb8\u614e\uff1a\u300a\u8bf4\u6587\u89e3\u5b57\u00b7\u8a00\u90e8\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref103\" name=\"_ftn103\">[103]<\/a> \u6bb5\u7389\u88c1\uff1a\u300a\u8bf4\u6587\u89e3\u5b57\u6ce8\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e1989\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref104\" name=\"_ftn104\">[104]<\/a> \u5218\u7199\uff1a\u300a\u91ca\u540d\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401985\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref105\" name=\"_ftn105\">[105]<\/a>\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u79bb\u5a04\u4e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref106\" name=\"_ftn106\">[106]<\/a>\u300a\u5e84\u5b50\u300b\uff1a\u738b\u5148\u8c26\u300a\u5e84\u5b50\u96c6\u89e3\u300b\u672c\uff0c\u300a\u8bf8\u5b50\u96c6\u6210\u300b\u672c\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u534e\u4e66\u5c401957\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref107\" name=\"_ftn107\">[107]<\/a>\u300a\u9038\u5468\u4e66\u300b\uff1a\u300a\u9038\u5468\u4e66\u6c47\u6821\u96c6\u6ce8\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e1995\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref108\" name=\"_ftn108\">[108]<\/a>\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u516c\u5b59\u4e11\u4e0b\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref109\" name=\"_ftn109\">[109]<\/a> \u8521\u6c88\uff1a\u300a\u4e66\u7ecf\u96c6\u4f20\u00b7\u6cf0\u8a93\u4e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref110\" name=\"_ftn110\">[110]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u6cf0\u4f2f\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref111\" name=\"_ftn111\">[111]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u5b66\u800c\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref112\" name=\"_ftn112\">[112]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u4e50\u8bba\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref113\" name=\"_ftn113\">[113]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u4e50\u8bba\u300b\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u56fd\u6c11\u653f\u6cbb\u5112\u5b66&#8211;\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u8f6c\u578b \u9ec4\u7389\u987a\u8457\uff1b \u5c71\u4e1c\u5927\u5b66 \u539f\u8f7d\u4e8e\u300a\u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\uff1a\u54f2\u5b66\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7248\u300b&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/2018\/04\/23\/%e9%bb%84%e7%8e%89%e9%a1%ba%ef%bc%8c%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e6%ad%a3%e4%b9%89%e8%ae%ba%e7%ba%b2%e8%a6%81\/\"><span>Read More<\/span><i>&#43;<\/i><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[38,79],"tags":[91,98,97,96,61],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/219"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=219"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/219\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":220,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/219\/revisions\/220"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=219"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=219"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=219"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}