{"id":223,"date":"2018-04-23T05:02:35","date_gmt":"2018-04-23T05:02:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/?p=223"},"modified":"2018-05-30T18:07:35","modified_gmt":"2018-05-30T18:07:35","slug":"%e9%bb%84%e7%8e%89%e9%a1%ba%ef%bc%8c%e7%94%9f%e6%b4%bb%e5%84%92%e5%ad%a6%e4%b8%8e%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e6%ad%a3%e4%b9%89%e8%ae%ba-%e4%bb%8e%e6%88%91%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e5%84%92%e5%ad%a6%e8%af%b4%e8%b5%b7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/2018\/04\/23\/%e9%bb%84%e7%8e%89%e9%a1%ba%ef%bc%8c%e7%94%9f%e6%b4%bb%e5%84%92%e5%ad%a6%e4%b8%8e%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e6%ad%a3%e4%b9%89%e8%ae%ba-%e4%bb%8e%e6%88%91%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e5%84%92%e5%ad%a6%e8%af%b4%e8%b5%b7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9ec4\u7389\u987a\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba&#8211;\u4ece\u6211\u7814\u7a76\u5112\u5b66\u8bf4\u8d77"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Huang-YS.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-837 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Huang-YS-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a>\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba&#8211;\u4ece\u6211\u7814\u7a76\u5112\u5b66\u8bf4\u8d77<\/h3>\n<p>\u9ec4\u7389\u987a\u8457\uff1b<br \/>\n\u5c71\u4e1c\u5927\u5b66<br \/>\n&gt;<strong>\u539f\u8f7d\u4e8e<\/strong>\u300a\u6df1\u5733\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2014\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c40-45\u9875\u3002<br \/>\n\u4f5c\u8005\u6388\u6743\u4e8e\u8fdb\u6b65\u5112\u5b66\u7f51<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u6458\u8981\uff1a\u6682\u65e0<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/\u9ec4\u7389\u987a\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba.pdf\">\u4e0b\u8f7dPDF\u7248\u672c<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u9605\u8bfb\u5168\u6587\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u6211\u7814\u7a76\u5112\u5b66\u8bf4\u8d77<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u9ec4\u7389\u987a<\/p>\n<p>\u5c71\u4e1c\u5927\u5b66<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fc4\u4eca\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u56db\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u4e5f\u5373\u5c06\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u6211\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u4e66\u7684\u540e\u8bb0\u4e2d\u66fe\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u201c\u6240\u8c13\u603b\u7ed3\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u662f\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u600e\u6837\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u53e4\u5178\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u6587\u732e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u8f6c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5112\u8005\uff1b\u53c8\u600e\u6837\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5112\u5bb6\u3001\u5112\u5b66\u7684\u601d\u8003\u8005\uff0c\u8f6c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u601d\u8003\u8005\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u2018\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u2019\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u201d\u201c\u6240\u8c13\u9762\u5411\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u662f\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u575a\u6301\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u2018\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u2019\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5112\u8005\uff0c\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u5112\u8005\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u201d\u201c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u5176\u5b9e\u7edd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u3001\u6211\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7814\u7a76\u5112\u5b66<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u60c5\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u201c\u5b66\u800c\u4e0d\u601d\u5219\u7f54\uff0c\u601d\u800c\u4e0d\u5b66\u5219\u6b86\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a> \u6211\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u768480\u5e74\u4ee3\u662f\u201c\u601d\u800c\u4e0d\u5b66\u201d\uff0c90\u5e74\u4ee3\u662f\u201c\u5b66\u800c\u4e0d\u601d\u201d\u300280\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u201c\u601d\u800c\u4e0d\u5b66\u201d\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u6709\u6240\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u662f\u98df\u6d0b\u4e0d\u5316\uff0c\u81ea\u4ee5\u4e3a\u9887\u6709\u201c\u601d\u60f3\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u90af\u90f8\u5b66\u6b65\u3001\u62fe\u4eba\u7259\u6167\u800c\u5df2\uff1b\u800c\u5176\u65e0\u6240\u5b66\uff0c\u662f\u6570\u5178\u5fd8\u7956\uff1a\u6570\u897f\u5b66\u4e4b\u5178\uff0c\u5fd8\u56fd\u5b66\u4e4b\u7956\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u201c\u4e94\u56db\u201d\u7684\u201c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5168\u76d8\u201d\uff08\u5373\u5168\u76d8\u53cd\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u5168\u76d8\u897f\u5316\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u60ef\u6027\u8fd0\u52a8\u300290\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u201c\u5b66\u800c\u4e0d\u601d\u201d\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u56fd\u5b66\u70ed\u201d\uff0c\u674e\u6cfd\u539a\u8bf4\u90a3\u662f\u201c\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u6de1\u51fa\uff0c\u5b66\u95ee\u5bb6\u51f8\u663e\u201d\u3002\u6211\u672c\u4eba\u4ea6\u5982\u6b64\uff1a80\u5e74\u4ee3\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u5b57\u5c31\u662f\u653f\u8bba\u6027\u7684\u300a\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u548c\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u300b<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a>\uff1b90\u5e74\u4ee3\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u7a76\uff0c\u4e00\u5934\u624e\u8fdb\u53e4\u5178\u6587\u5b66\u3001\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u732e\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u8bad\u8bc2\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u4e13\u8457\u5c31\u662f\u6587\u732e\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u300a\u6613\u7ecf\u53e4\u6b4c\u8003\u91ca\u300b<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u516521\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u60c5\u51b5\u5f00\u59cb\u6709\u6240\u6539\u89c2\uff1a\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u8001\u8001\u5b9e\u5b9e\u5730\u5b66\u4e60\u56fd\u6545\uff0c\u505a\u5b66\u95ee\u8005\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba4\u8ba4\u771f\u771f\u5730\u63a2\u7a76\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u7b97\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u94fa\u57ab\u51c6\u5907\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u5341\u5e74\u5112\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\uff1a\u9010\u6e10\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u201c\u5112\u5b66\u590d\u5174\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u5f62\u6210\u5b66\u6d3e\uff0c\u5728\u5112\u5b66\u4f20\u7edf\u5b66\u672f\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u53d1\u6325\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u65b0\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u65b0\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u89c6\u57df\u4e0b\u91cd\u65b0\u8be0\u91ca\u5112\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u5927\u9646\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e0e20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u201d\u76f8\u533a\u522b\u3002\u6211\u672c\u4eba\u4ea6\u5982\u6b64\uff1a\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u201d\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1b\u4f46\u6b64\u524d\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u94fa\u57ab\u51c6\u5907\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u3002\u8f6c\u53d8\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6211\u53bb\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u79d1\u9662\u5e08\u4ece\u8499\u57f9\u5143\u5148\u751f\u6cbb\u5112\u5b66\uff081997-2000\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5916\u5728\u7684\u52fe\u753b\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6301\u7eed\u4e0d\u53d8\u3001\u4e00\u4ee5\u8d2f\u4e4b\u7684\u5185\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u6211\u66fe\u8c08\u8fc7\uff0c\u201c\u4e94\u56db\u201d\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u3001\u4e1c\u65b9\u6587\u5316\u6d3e\u3001\u552f\u7269\u53f2\u89c2\u6d3e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6b67\u89c1\u7eb7\u5448\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u70b9\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5411\u4f55\u5904\u53bb\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a> \u8fd9\u5c31\u53eb\u201c\u4e00\u81f4\u800c\u767e\u8651\u201d\u3002\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u65f6\u671f\u4ea6\u7136\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f90\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\u5bb6\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5fd8\u8bb0\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u547d\u8fd0\u201d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u73af\u5883\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u624d\u57cb\u5934\u4e8e\u201c\u56fd\u6545\u201d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u672c\u4eba\u4ea6\u5982\u6b64\uff1a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5b66\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u4eba\u4ece\u6765\u5c31\u4e0d\u8ffd\u6c42\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5b66\u95ee\u5bb6\u201d\u3002\u8bf4\u5230\u201c\u5b66\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u8981\u770b\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u5b66\u8005\u201d\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u201c\u53e4\u4e4b\u5b66\u8005\u4e3a\u5df1\uff0c\u4eca\u4e4b\u5b66\u8005\u4e3a\u4eba\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a> \u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4e3a\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4e3a\u522b\u4eba\u800c\u7814\u7a76\u522b\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u4e24\u5c42\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\u7684\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u4e3a\u522b\u4eba\u800c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u662f\u505a\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\u770b\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e3a\u83b7\u5f97\u4f53\u5236\u4e0a\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u597d\u5904\u800c\u505a\u7ed9\u79cd\u79cd\u201c\u8bc4\u59d4\u201d\u770b\u7684\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u5373\u7814\u7a76\u90a3\u79cd\u65e0\u5173\u4e4e\u5f53\u4e0b\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5173\u4e8e\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u5bf9\u8c61\u5316\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u5316\u7684\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6211\u7ecf\u5e38\u60f3\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u6545\uff1a\u201c\u2018\u98ce\u4e4d\u8d77\uff0c\u5439\u76b1\u4e00\u6c60\u6625\u6c34\u2019\uff0c\u5e72\u537f\u4f55\u4e8b\uff1f\u201d\u4eca\u4e4b\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u4e3a\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u201c\u5b66\u8005\u201d\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u4e3a\u5df1\u201d\u5219\u4e0d\u7136\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u5173\u4e4e\u5f53\u4e0b\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b66\u95ee\uff0c\u53eb\u4f5c\u201c\u4e3a\u5df1\u4e4b\u5b66\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u521d\u8877\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e8c\u3001\u6211\u600e\u6837\u7814\u7a76\u5112\u5b66<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u4e3a\u5df1\u4e4b\u5b66\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e0d\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u522b\u4eba\u3001\u4e0d\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u54f2\u5b66\u53f2\u6216\u8005\u601d\u60f3\u53f2\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u600e\u6837\u7814\u7a76\uff1f\u8fd9\u5c31\u6d89\u53ca\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u201d\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u89c2\u5ff5\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u89c6\u57df\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u4ee5\u600e\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u600e\u6837\u7684\u89c6\u57df\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\uff1f\u90a3\u79cd\u5bf9\u8c61\u5316\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u5316\u7684\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u201d\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5176\u89c2\u5ff5\u524d\u63d0\u662f\uff1a\u6211\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u5112\u5b66\u662f\u6211\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u5efa\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u4e3b\u2014\u5ba2\u201d\u89c2\u5ff5\u67b6\u6784\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u6b63\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u514b\u670d\u7684\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u7ecf\u5e38\u8c08\u5230\u7684\u201c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u56f0\u5883\u201d\uff1a\u6211\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u786e\u8bc1\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b9e\u5728\u6027\uff1f\u5373\u4fbf\u627f\u8ba4\u5176\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b9e\u5728\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u610f\u8bc6\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u7a7f\u900f\u67d0\u79cd\u533a\u95f4\u800c\u901a\u8fbe\u4e8e\u5ba2\u89c2\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a7f\u900f\u3001\u901a\u8fbe\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u5207\u4e2d\u201d\uff08treffen\uff09\u95ee\u9898\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a> \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f20\u7edf\u54f2\u5b66\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u8bc1\u3001\u5207\u4e2d\u201c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u8005\u201d\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b9e\u5728\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4efb\u4f55\u79d1\u5b66\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u8bc1\u3001\u5207\u4e2d\u201c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0b\u8005\u201d\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b9e\u5728\u6027\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u6d41\u7684\u5927\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u9a6c\u8d6b\u624d\u8bf4\uff1a\u6211\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7edd\u975e\u4ec0\u4e48\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u5929\u4f53\uff1b\u6211\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u611f\u89c9\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u590d\u5408\u4f53\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a> \u4f46\u4ed6\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u54f2\u5b66\u4e5f\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u8bb8\u591a\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u672c\u4e00\u81f4\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e2\u65e0\u6cd5\u201c\u8bc1\u660e\u201d\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u201c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u201d\u7684\u6839\u672c\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\uff08presupposition\uff09\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u9884\u8bbe\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a> \u8fd9\u79cd\u9884\u8bbe\uff0c\u84af\u56e0\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u672c\u4f53\u8bba\u627f\u8bfa\u201d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/a> \u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6216\u8005\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff1abelief\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5168\u90e8\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u65e0\u4e0d\u57fa\u4e8e\u5173\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u4e4b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u9884\u8bbe\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u5ff5\u672c\u8eab\u53c8\u662f\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff1f\u80e1\u585e\u5c14\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u9000\u7f29\u5230\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u610f\u8bc6\u201d\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u4e5f\u4ecd\u672a\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u751f\u5b58\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u6574\u4e2a\u5efa\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u6b64\u5728\u201d\uff08dasein\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u201d\uff08Seiendes\uff09\u3001\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u201d\uff08Sein\uff09\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u53cd\u5012\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u201d\u6240\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u201d\uff08das Seiende\uff09\u4fe8\u7136\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u8005\u201d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\"><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/a> \u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u6b64\u5728\u672c\u8eab\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\uff1f\u201c\u88ab\u629b\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u65e0\u6cd5\u6f84\u6e05\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53cd\u5012\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u9677\u5165\u5230\u4e0a\u8ff0\u56f0\u5883\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u5b54\u5b5f\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u9009\u62e9\u5112\u5b66\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u7814\u7a76\u5112\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u201c\u5b54\u5b5f\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7a0b\u6731\u9646\u738b\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u5b54\u5b5f\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u5b54\u5b5f\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5b54\u5b5f\uff0c\u4fe8\u7136\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u201c\u5b54\u5b5f\u201d\u540c\u6837\u9762\u4e34\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e0d\u53ef\u514b\u670d\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u6211\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5b54\u5b5f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u89c6\u57df\u4e0d\u662f\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5148\u9a8c\u8bba\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u751f\u5b58\u8bba\u201d\u7684\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5f53\u7136\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u5c42\u7ea7\u3001\u5f62\u800c\u4e0b\u5b66\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u5efa\u6784\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5efa\u6784\u6210\u5206\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u67d0\u79cd\u66f4\u4e3a\u672c\u6e90\u7684\u89c6\u57df\u6240\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u672c\u6e90\u89c6\u57df\u6b63\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u6240\u8981\u9996\u5148\u52a0\u4ee5\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u8be0\u91ca\u5b66\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f3d\u8fbe\u9ed8\u5c14\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u900f\u5f7b\u7684\u3002\u5b5f\u5b50\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u4e3a\u900f\u5f7b\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u5b66\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u4e13\u6587\u52a0\u4ee5\u8ba8\u8bba\uff1a\u201c\u77e5\u4eba\u8bba\u4e16\u201d\u2014\u2014\u201c\u8bba\u4e16\u201d\u624d\u80fd\u201c\u77e5\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u201c\u8bfb\u5176\u4e66\u201d\u201c\u8bf5\u5176\u8bd7\u201d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\"><sup>[12]<\/sup><\/a> \u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u4efb\u4f55\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u65e0\u4e0d\u57fa\u4e8e\u201c\u4e3b\u2014\u5ba2\u201d\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u8ffd\u95ee\u7684\u4e43\u662f\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u4e3b\u2014\u5ba2\u201d\u67b6\u6784\u672c\u8eab\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\uff1f\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff1f\u5ba2\u89c2\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff1f\u4f8b\u5982\u201c\u6211\u8bfb\u7ecf\u5178\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u8981\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u662f\u600e\u6837\u88ab\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\uff1f\u201c\u7ecf\u5178\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u600e\u6837\u88ab\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\uff1f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u672c\u6e90\u7684\u89c6\u57df\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u6211\u6ce8\u516d\u7ecf\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u516d\u7ecf\u6ce8\u6211\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u6ce8\u751f\u6211\u7ecf\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u7ecf\u5178\u201d\u548c\u201c\u6211\u201d\u7686\u5728\u201c\u6ce8\u201d\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u3002\u800c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6ce8\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u7269\u201d\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4e8b\u201d\u3001\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e8e\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5b9e\u60c5\u4e43\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u7ecf\u5178\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u7686\u6536\u6444\u4e8e\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u900f\u5f7b\u7684\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u9762\u4e34\u4e0a\u8ff0\u56f0\u5883\u3002\u5e94\u8be5\u8fd9\u6837\u8868\u8ff0\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u7686\u7531\u5f53\u4e0b\u751f\u6d3b\u7ed9\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u5165\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1a\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u627f\u8ba4\u6240\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u4e1c\u897f\u7686\u7531\u5f53\u4e0b\u751f\u6d3b\u7ed9\u51fa\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u7269\u201d\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u663e\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u4e8b\u201d\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6240\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u6709\u201d\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u663e\u7136\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u65e0\u201d\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u65e0\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5b\u5b66\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u7a7a\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bf4\uff1a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e0d\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u751f\u6d3b\u5373\u662f\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u5373\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u6700\u672c\u6e90\u3001\u4f46\u4e5f\u6700\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u5f53\u6211\u8bf4\u5230\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u7528\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u8bb2\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u4ee5\u897f\u5f8b\u4e2d\u3001\u6c49\u8bdd\u80e1\u8bf4\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u600e\u4e48\u5c31\u662f\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u5462\uff1f\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u300a\u793c\u8bb0\u00b7\u4ef2\u5c3c\u71d5\u5c45\u300b\u201c\u793c\u72b9\u6709\u4e5d\u7109\uff0c\u5927\u9957\u6709\u56db\u7109\uff0c\u2026\u2026\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u541b\u5b50\u77e5\u4ec1\u7109\u201d\uff0c\u5510\u4ee3\u5b54\u9896\u8fbe\u758f\uff1a\u201c\u4ec1\u72b9\u5b58\u4e5f\u3002\u541b\u5b50\u89c1\u4e0a\u5927\u9957\u56db\u7109\uff0c\u77e5\u793c\u4e50\u6240<strong>\u5b58\u5728<\/strong>\u4e5f\u3002\u201d\u6e05\u4ee3\u6bd5\u6c85\u7f16\u300a\u7eed\u8d44\u6cbb\u901a\u9274\u00b7\u5b8b\u5fbd\u5b97\u653f\u548c\u5143\u5e74\u300b\uff1a\u201c\u8f9b\u5df3\uff0c\u8bcf\uff1a\u2018\u9648\u74d8\u81ea\u64b0\u300a\u5c0a\u5c27\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u65e0\u7eea\uff0c\u5e76\u7cfb\u8bcb\u8bec\uff0c\u5408\u884c\u6bc1\u5f03\uff1b\u4ecd\u52d2\u505c\uff0c\u9001\u53f0\u5dde\u7f81\u7ba1\uff0c\u4ee4\u672c\u5dde\u5f53\u804c\u5b98\u5e38\u5207\u89c9\u5bdf\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u653e\u51fa\u5dde\u57ce\uff0c\u6708\u5177<strong>\u5b58\u5728<\/strong>\u7533\u5c1a\u4e66\u7701\u3002\u2019\u201d\u8be5\u8bcf\u4e66\u5e94\u4e3a\u5b8b\u4ee3\u539f\u6587\u3002\u6e05\u4ee3\u987e\u8bd2\u7984\u300a\u6ee1\u5ead\u82b3\u00b7\u828d\u836f\u300b\u8bcd\uff1a\u201c\u5eff\u8f7d\u97f3\u5c18\u5982\u68a6\uff0c\u98ce\u6d41\u6563\uff0c\u534a\u6ca1\u8352\u70df\uff0c\u7a7a<strong>\u5b58\u5728<\/strong>\uff0c\u9752\u888d\u672a\u6362\uff0c\u971c\u9b13\u675c\u6a0a\u5ddd\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4e2d\u897f\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6211\u4e5f\u66fe\u4e13\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\"><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/a> \u5bf9\u4e8e\u897f\u5b66\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u754c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e24\u79cd\u6001\u5ea6\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u622a\u7136\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u7acb\u573a\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u5d07\u6d0b\u5a9a\u5916\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5219\u662f\u575a\u51b3\u6392\u5916\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u201d\u8bdd\u8bed\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u8a00\u8bf4\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201d\u4e1c\u897f\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\uff09\u3002\u6b8a\u4e0d\u77e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u8c8c\u4f3c\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u5374\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5171\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u7eaf\u7cb9\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u201d\u3001\u6216\u8005\u7eaf\u7cb9\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201d\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u201d\u3001\u6216\u8005\u7eaf\u7cb9\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201d\u90fd\u662f\u5b50\u865a\u4e4c\u6709\u7684\u3001\u6216\u83ab\u987b\u6709\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u53bb\u7ffb\u8bd1\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u201cSein\u201d\u6216\u8005\u201cbeing\u201d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c49\u8bed\u7684\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u8bed\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u3001\u6291\u6216\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c49\u8bed\u7684\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u662f\u7531\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u6027\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6db5\u6444\u7740\u3001\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6db5\u6444\u7740\u3001\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u201d\uff08\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8be6\u5c3d\u8003\u8bc1\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u201c\u5b58\u201d\u201c\u5728\u201d\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u672c\u6e90\u610f\u4e49\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u5fd8\u8bb0\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u751f\u6d3b\u7740\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u201d\u5f53\u4e0b\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u540c\u65f6\u751f\u6d3b\u7740\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u7684\u201d\u5f53\u4e0b\u751f\u6d3b\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u5171\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u7740\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u201d\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u5cd9\u7684\u201c\u4e2d-\u897f\u201d\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u540c\u6837\u662f\u7531\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5f53\u4e0b\u751f\u6d3b\u6240\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u600e\u6837\u7814\u7a76\u5112\u5b66\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u5c31\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u4e86\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u7814\u7a76\u5112\u5b66\u201d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8bf5\u8bfb\u7ecf\u5178\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5112\u5b66\u6709\u6240\u8a00\u8bf4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8a00\u8bf4\u65e2\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8bdd\u8bed\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u6c49\u8bed\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u73b0\u4ee3\u82f1\u8bed\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u201d\u3002\u51b5\u4e14\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8bf5\u8bfb\u7ecf\u5178\uff0c\u8be5\u7ecf\u5178\u4e5f\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u3001\u81ea\u8db3\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u201d\u662f\u7531\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6b64\u6709\u7591\u60d1\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u95ee\u6211\uff1a\u4f60\u8fd9\u6837\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u90a3\u8fd8\u662f\u5112\u5b66\u5417\uff1f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u65e9\u5c31\u6709\u4eba\u95ee\u8fc7\u3001\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u4e0d\u65ad\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u8d28\u95ee\u5b8b\u660e\u7406\u5b66\uff1a\u5b8b\u660e\u7406\u5b66\u8fd8\u662f\u5112\u5b66\u5417\uff1f\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u7985\u5b66\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u9053\u5b66\uff08\u6b64\u6307\u9053\u5bb6\u5b66\u8bf4\uff09\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u7985\u5b97\u4f5b\u5b66\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u906d\u9047\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8d28\u7591\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7591\u95ee\u672c\u8eab\u5df2\u5e26\u51fa\u4e86\u8d28\u7591\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1a\u5112\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u66fe\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u8fd9\u540c\u6837\u662f\u5178\u578b\u7684\u3001\u5c06\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5112\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u540c\u6837\u662f\u7531\u5f53\u4e0b\u751f\u6d3b\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5112\u5b66\u624d\u4f1a\u201c\u65e5\u65e5\u65b0\uff0c\u53c8\u65e5\u65b0\u201d\uff0c\u624d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u738b\u6743\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5112\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5468\u516c\uff09\u3001\u8f6c\u578b\u65f6\u4ee3\u6216\u66f0\u539f\u521b\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5112\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\uff08\u5982\u5b54\u5b5f\u8340\uff09\u3001\u7687\u6743\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5112\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6c49\u5b66\u3001\u5b8b\u5b66\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6c11\u6743\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5112\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\uff08\u5982\u73b0\u4ee3\u65b0\u5112\u5b66\u3001\u5f53\u4ee3\u5112\u5b66\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5112\u5b66\uff1a\u7528\u4ec1\u7231\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u5207\u73b0\u8c61\u3001\u89e3\u51b3\u4e00\u5207\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0b\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u5112\u5b66\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e09\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u610f\u8bc6\u5207\u5165\u7684\uff1a\u5112\u5b66\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u547d\u8fd0\u3001\u4e43\u81f3\u4e0e\u5f53\u4eca\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e4b\u547d\u8fd0\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\"><sup>[14]<\/sup><\/a> \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u601d\u8003\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5112\u5b66\u4e4b\u547d\u8fd0\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u547d\u8fd0\u3001\u4e43\u81f3\u4e0e\u5f53\u4eca\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e4b\u547d\u8fd0\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5173\u8054\uff1f20\u4e16\u7eaa\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u201d\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u300121\u4e16\u7eaa\u201c\u5112\u5b66\u590d\u5174\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5df2\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u53ea\u662f\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u600e\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u8054\uff1f\u6211\u4e13\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\"><sup>[15]<\/sup><\/a> \u6211\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5112\u5b66\u590d\u5174\u6709\u51e0\u6761\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8def\u7ebf\uff1a\u4f20\u7edf\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u539f\u6559\u65e8\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\uff09\uff1b\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\uff08\u5982\u73b0\u4ee3\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\uff09\uff1b\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u6216\u66f0\u5f53\u4e0b\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u201c\u539f\u6559\u65e8\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u5728\u5b66\u7406\u4e0a\u9677\u5165\u79cd\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u4e5f\u884c\u4e0d\u901a\u3001\u4e14\u6781\u5177\u5371\u9669\u6027\uff1b\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u5b66\u7406\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u201c\u5185\u5723\u5f00\u4e0d\u51fa\u65b0\u5916\u738b\u201d\u7684\u56f0\u60d1\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u5b66\u7406\u4e0a\u7ad9\u5f97\u4f4f\u3001\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u884c\u5f97\u901a\u7684\uff0c\u552f\u6709\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u5f53\u4e0b\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5112\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u8fd9\u6837\u8868\u8ff0\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u79cd\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0b\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53eb\u4f5c\u201c\u4e07\u7269\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u201c\u591a\u201d\uff1b\u4f20\u7edf\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u5b83\u4eec\u80cc\u540e\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53eb\u4f5c\u201c\u5e1d\u201d\u201c\u5929\u201d\u201c\u9053\u201d\u201c\u7406\u201d\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u201d\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\"><sup>[16]<\/sup><\/a> \u8fd9\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u8005\u2192\u5f62\u800c\u4e0b\u8005\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u3001\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u5305\u62ec\u5b97\u6559\u54f2\u5b66\u90fd\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u201c\u8f74\u5fc3\u65f6\u671f\u201d\u5efa\u6784\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c2\u5ff5\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u8005\u201d\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u90a3\u91cc\u83ab\u8877\u4e00\u662f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u672a\u5fc5\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u201c\u524d\u8f74\u5fc3\u671f\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u8f74\u5fc3\u65f6\u671f\u201d\u601d\u60f3\u5927\u5e08\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b54\u5b5f\u8001\u5e84\uff09\u7684\u672c\u6e90\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u201c\u4e07\u7269\u201d\u662f\u7269\uff0c\u201c\u9053\u4e4b\u4e3a\u7269\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a> \u4ea6\u7269\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7269\u662f\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff1f\u6216\u6362\u4e00\u79cd\u95ee\u6cd5\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u552f\u4e00\u7edd\u5bf9\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u7684\u201c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f17\u591a\u76f8\u5bf9\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u7684\u201c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0b\u8005\u201d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u8005\uff1b\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u4f55\u4ee5\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d1\u95ee\u5176\u5b9e\u5df2\u7ecf\u8574\u6db5\u4e86\u7b54\u6848\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u51e1\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u8005\uff0c\u7686\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u65e2\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u8005\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\u3001\u6709\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u5c31\u662f\u65e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u7ecf\u5e38\u5f15\u7528\u300a\u8001\u5b50\u300b\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\uff1a\u201c\u5929\u4e0b\u4e07\u7269\u751f\u4e8e\u6709\uff0c\u6709\u751f\u4e8e\u65e0\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a> \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a\u65e0\u2192\u6709\u2192\u4e07\u7269\u3002\u300a\u8001\u5b50\u300b\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\uff1a\u59cb\u2192\u6bcd\u2192\u5b50\u6216\u4f17\u752b\u3002\u987b\u6ce8\u610f\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u201d\u5b87\u5b99\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u663e\u73b0\u5c42\u7ea7\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u300a\u8001\u5b50\u300b\uff0c\u65e0\u3001\u6709\u3001\u4e07\u7269\u7686\u9053\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u663e\u73b0\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u4e43\u662f\u5112\u3001\u9053\u5171\u901a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1a\u5929\u9053\uff08\u5373\u65e0\u5373\u6709\uff09\u2192 \u5fb7\u6027\uff08\u4eba\u6027\u7269\u7406\uff09\u3002\u5112\u3001\u9053\u7684\u6839\u672c\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u9053\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u5929\u5730\u4e0d\u4ec1\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\">[19]<\/a>\uff0c\u800c\u5112\u5bb6\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65e0\u6216\u5b58\u5728\u5373\u662f\u4ec1\u7231\u60c5\u611f\u3002\uff08\u66f4\u900f\u5f7b\u5730\u8bb2\uff0c\u4eca\u4eba\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5112\u5bb6\u201d\u201c\u9053\u5bb6\u201d\u4e4b\u522b\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u662f\u6c49\u5112\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u5efa\u6784\u800c\u5df2\u3002\uff09\u5112\u5b66\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u4ec1\u7231\u201d\u662f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7528\u6cd5\u7684\uff1a\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u672c\u4f53\uff1b\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u672c\u6e90\u60c5\u611f\uff0c\u5373\u65e0\u3001\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u72b9\u5982\u201c\u9053\u201d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u4ec1\u7231\u201d\u5728\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u663e\u73b0\u800c\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u5e76\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4e0a\u6587\u8c08\u5230\u7684\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u53ea\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u663e\u73b0\u6837\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u67d0\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6ca1\u6709\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u5c31\u9694\u7edd\u4e86\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5112\u5b66\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5c31\u6beb\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u4e86\uff0c\u72b9\u5982\u300a\u8087\u8bba\u300b\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u6614\u4e0d\u81f3\u4eca\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fbe\u4f20\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u591a\u5c11\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5eb7\u5fb7\u4e4b\u63a8\u8bba\u201c\u7269\u81ea\u8eab\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u6709\u6839\u672c\u533a\u522b\uff1a\u201c\u7269\u81ea\u8eab\u201d\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b58\u5728\u8005\uff1b\u800c\u751f\u6d3b\u5374\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5168\u90e8\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u751f\u6210\u5e8f\u5217\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u2192\u5f62\u800c\u4e0b\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u2192\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u8005<\/p>\n<p>\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u2192\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u8005\u2192\u5f62\u800c\u4e0b\u5b58\u5728\u8005<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u5c31\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u5c55\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u552f\u5176\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5112\u5b66\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5207\u5165\u5f53\u4e0b\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u9996\u5148\u6d88\u89e3\u5b54\u5b5f\u4ee5\u540e\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u5112\u5b66\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u56de\u5f52\u5b54\u5b5f\u5112\u5b66\u7684\u672c\u6e90\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u672c\u6e90\u4e0a\u91cd\u5efa\u5112\u5b66\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u201c\u4f53\u7cfb\u201d\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u7740\u672c\u6e90\u5c42\u7ea7\u3001\u5f62\u4e0a\u5c42\u7ea7\u3001\u5f62\u4e0b\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u7e41\u96be\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e14\u8c08\u5176\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u8005\u201d\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9887\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u8005\u95ee\u9898\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u540c\u610f\u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff1a\u201c\u5b9e\u4f53\u5373\u662f\u4e3b\u4f53\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\"><sup>[20]<\/sup><\/a> \u7136\u800c\u6309\u7167\u4f20\u7edf\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4eba\u53ea\u6709\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u7edd\u5bf9\u5b9e\u4f53\u3001\u672c\u4f53\u624d\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u7edd\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u62bd\u8c61\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u5f53\u4eca\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4f53\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u4eba\u683c\uff1b\u6c11\u6743\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5112\u5b66\u5f62\u6001\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u4eba\u683c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u601d\u8003\uff1a\u5047\u5982\u5bf9\u6b64\u516c\u6c11\u4eba\u683c\u52a0\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u8005\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6211\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u5c55\u5f00\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u8005\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u5df2\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u8d28\u95ee\u6211\uff1a\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7ed9\u4e88\u5960\u57fa\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u662f\u5426\u6070\u5f53\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u56db\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5f62\u800c\u4e0b\u5b66\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u8303\u7574\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0b\u5b66\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u8bba\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5960\u57fa\u7684\uff0c\u300a\u6613\u4f20\u300b\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u5929\u6587\u201d\uff1b\u5173\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u754c\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\uff08\u5e7f\u4e49\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u9053\u5fb7\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u5960\u57fa\u7684\uff0c\u300a\u6613\u4f20\u300b\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4eba\u6587\u201d\u3002\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u6211\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u793e\u79d1\u57fa\u91d1\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5e7f\u4e49\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u610f\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u5112\u5b66\u6709\u6548\u5207\u5165\u5f53\u4e0b\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u6b63\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7406\u8bba\uff08Chinese Theory of Justice\uff09\u3001\u5c24\u5176\u5112\u5bb6\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u7740\u773c\uff0c\u5112\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4ec1\u5b66\u201d\u3001\u201c\u793c\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e49\u5b66\u201d\u3002\u201c\u4e49\u5b66\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u5efa\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\uff08\u7b80\u79f0\u201c\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u201d\uff09\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u8c61\u5316\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u5316\u7684\u5112\u5b66\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f53\u4e0b\u5316\u7684\u5112\u5b66\u4e49\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u6574\u4f53\u91cd\u5efa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u9996\u5148\u9762\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d28\u7591\uff1a\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u548c\u897f\u8bed\u7684\u201cjustice\u201d\uff08\u6b63\u4e49\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u80fd\u8fd9\u4e48\u5bf9\u5e94\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u4ece\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u56de\u5e94\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d28\u7591\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u5982\u679c\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u8d56\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u6839\u636e\u5c31\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u51e1\u5c5e\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5fc5\u6709\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u6545\u4ea6\u5fc5\u6709\u6b63\u4e49\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\uff082\uff09\u8fd9\u79cd\u6b63\u4e49\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u3001\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u3002\u5982\u8340\u5b50\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u800c\u4e3a\u8c13\u4e4b\u884c\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a>\u201c\u300a\u4f20\u300b\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u4ece\u9053\u4e0d\u4ece\u541b\u3002\u2019\u6545\u6b63\u4e49\u4e4b\u81e3\u8bbe\uff0c\u5219\u671d\u5ef7\u4e0d\u9887\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn22\" name=\"_ftnref22\">[22]<\/a>\uff083\uff09\u6c49\u8bed\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u4e0e\u897f\u8bed\u201cjustice\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u65e2\u6709\u53ef\u5bf9\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u975e\u7b49\u540c\u6027\u3002\u6211\u66fe\u4e13\u6587\u9610\u660e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u53ef\u5bf9\u5e94\u6027\u3001\u975e\u7b49\u540c\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e24\u5957\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u3001\u4e24\u79cd\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u666e\u904d\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a\u53ef\u5bf9\u5e94\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53cc\u65b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u975e\u7b49\u540c\u6027\u4fdd\u8bc1\u53cc\u65b9\u503c\u5f97\u52a0\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn23\" name=\"_ftnref23\"><sup>[23]<\/sup><\/a> \u552f\u5176\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u7528\u6c49\u8bed\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u201c\u4e49\u201d\u6216\u201c\u6b63\u4e49\u201d\u53bb\u7ffb\u8bd1\u897f\u8bed\u7684\u201cjustice\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u53cc\u65b9\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn24\" name=\"_ftnref24\"><sup>[24]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5112\u5b66\u7edf\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u793c\u201d\u3002\u793c\u6e90\u4e8e\u796d\u7940\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8868\u9762\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u201c\u56fd\u4e4b\u5927\u4e8b\u5728\u7940\u4e0e\u620e\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn25\" name=\"_ftnref25\">[25]<\/a>\uff0c\u201c\u7940\uff0c\u56fd\u4e4b\u5927\u4e8b\u4e5f\uff0c\u800c\u9006\u4e4b\uff0c\u53ef\u8c13\u793c\u4e4e\uff1f\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn26\" name=\"_ftnref26\">[26]<\/a> \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6574\u4e2a\u5929\u4e0b\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u5373\u96c6\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u796d\u7940\u7684\u793c\u4eea\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u300a\u5468\u793c\u300b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u6574\u5957\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ea6\u8c13\u4e4b\u201c\u793c\u201d\u3002\u6545\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u793c\u201d\u6cdb\u6307\u6240\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u793c\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\uff1a\u793c\u5236\uff08\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u4e4b\u672c\u8eab\uff09\u3001\u793c\u4eea\uff08\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u4e4b\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff09\u3001\u793c\u4e49\uff08\u793c\u4e4b\u4e49\u3001\u5373\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u8d56\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u91cc\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5112\u8005\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u6559\u65e8\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e0e\u53cd\u5bf9\u5112\u5b66\u7684\u4eba\u5176\u5b9e\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8bef\u533a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u793c\u662f\u5112\u5b66\u7684\u6839\u672c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4eca\u65e5\u201c\u513f\u7ae5\u8bfb\u7ecf\u8fd0\u52a8\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u91cd\u8bef\u533a\uff1a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u90a3\u79cd\u524d\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b54\u5b50\u5bf9\u4e8e\u793c\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ea\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u201c\u514b\u5df1\u590d\u793c\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn27\" name=\"_ftnref27\">[27]<\/a> \u4e00\u9762\uff0c\u906e\u853d\u4e86\u201c\u793c\u6709\u635f\u76ca\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn28\" name=\"_ftnref28\">[28]<\/a> \u4e00\u9762\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5b54\u5b50\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u90fd\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u5730\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u52a8\u7684\u6839\u636e\u5c31\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u6545\u5b54\u5b50\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e49\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8d28\uff0c\u793c\u4ee5\u884c\u4e4b\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn29\" name=\"_ftnref29\">[29]<\/a> \u8fd9\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u201c\u4e49\u2192\u793c\u201d\u5960\u57fa\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5efa\u6784\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u590d\u5174\u5112\u5b66\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u606a\u5b88\u5112\u5bb6\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u66fe\u5efa\u6784\u8fc7\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u8d56\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\uff0c\u793c\u6216\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u8d56\u4ee5\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u5c31\u662f\u4e24\u6761\uff1a\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u539f\u5219\uff08\u5305\u542b\u516c\u6b63\u6027\u51c6\u5219\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u51c6\u5219\uff09\uff1b\u9002\u5b9c\u6027\u539f\u5219\uff08\u5305\u542b\u65f6\u5b9c\u6027\u51c6\u5219\u3001\u5730\u5b9c\u6027\u51c6\u5219\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u505a\u4e86\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u5179\u4e0d\u8d58\u8ff0\u3002\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u60f3\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u7f57\u5c14\u65af\u300a\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u300b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e24\u6761\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\uff0c<a href=\"#_ftn30\" name=\"_ftnref30\"><sup>[30]<\/sup><\/a> \u4f46\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4ed6\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff1a\u4ed6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u539f\u521d\u5951\u7ea6\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn31\" name=\"_ftnref31\"><sup>[31]<\/sup><\/a>\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u201c\u5951\u7ea6\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6839\u636e\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u662f\u5b9e\u8d28\u7684\uff08material\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\uff08formal\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5e76\u4e14\u88ab\u7406\u6027\u5316\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3001\u67d0\u79cd\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6b63\u4e49\u611f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6b63\u4e49\u611f\uff0c\u5b5f\u5b50\u8bba\u201c\u517b\u6c14\u201d\u65f6\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u96c6\u4e49\u6240\u751f\u201d\u7684\u201c\u6d69\u7136\u4e4b\u6c14\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn32\" name=\"_ftnref32\">[32]<\/a>\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u4e0d\u8651\u800c\u77e5\u201d\u7684\u201c\u826f\u77e5\u201d\u8303\u7574\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn33\" name=\"_ftnref33\">[33]<\/a> \u5b5f\u5b50\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u77e5\u201d\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u826f\u77e5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u672c\u8d28\u76f4\u89c2\u201d\uff1b\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u8bf4\u7684\u7406\u667a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u524d\u8005\u4e3a\u201c\u77e5\u201d\u3001\u540e\u8005\u4e3a\u201c\u667a\u201d\u3002\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u57fa\u4e8e\u826f\u77e5\u4e4b\u201c\u77e5\u201d\uff0c\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9700\u8981\u7406\u667a\u4e4b\u201c\u667a\u201d\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u6709\u201c\u77e5\u2192\u4e49\u2192\u667a\u2192\u793c\u201d\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u73af\u8282\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5229\u201d\u3001\u5373\u5229\u76ca\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u8bef\u4f1a\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u4e49\u5229\u201d\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u8bef\u89e3\u5b5f\u5b50\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u4e49\u5229\u4e4b\u8fa8\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn34\" name=\"_ftnref34\">[34]<\/a>\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5112\u5bb6\u91cd\u4e49\u8f7b\u5229\u3001\u4e43\u81f3\u552f\u4e49\u65e0\u5229\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u64b0\u6587\u5bf9\u6b64\u4f5c\u51fa\u6f84\u6e05\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn35\" name=\"_ftnref35\"><sup>[35]<\/sup><\/a> \u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5728\u5112\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u793c\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u6709\u6781\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u9610\u660e\uff1a\u201c\u793c\u8d77\u4e8e\u4f55\u4e5f\uff1f\u66f0\uff1a\u4eba\u751f\u800c\u6709\u6b32\uff0c\u6b32\u800c\u4e0d\u5f97\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u65e0\u6c42\uff0c\u6c42\u800c\u65e0\u5ea6\u91cf\u5206\u754c\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e89\uff0c\u4e89\u5219\u4e71\uff0c\u4e71\u5219\u7a77\uff1b\u5148\u738b\u6076\u5176\u4e71\u4e5f\uff0c\u6545\u5236\u793c\u4e49\u4ee5\u5206\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u517b\u4eba\u4e4b\u6b32\uff0c\u7ed9\u4eba\u4e4b\u6c42\uff0c\u4f7f\u6b32\u5fc5\u4e0d\u7a77\u4e4e\u7269\uff0c\u7269\u5fc5\u4e0d\u5c48\u4e8e\u6b32\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u76f8\u6301\u800c\u957f\uff1a\u662f\u793c\u4e4b\u6240\u8d77\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn36\" name=\"_ftnref36\">[36]<\/a> \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u5229\u76ca\u5206\u914d\u5236\u5ea6\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fdd\u969c\u7fa4\u4f53\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u201c\u5229\u2192\u77e5\u2192\u4e49\u2192\u667a\u2192\u793c\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u4e0e\u897f\u65b9\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u4e4b\u95f4\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u4ec1\u7231\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u5904\u7f6e\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u4ec1\u7231\u60c5\u611f\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\uff1b\u800c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u5219\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7528\u4ec1\u7231\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u5112\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u6839\u672c\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u4ec1\u7231\u89e3\u91ca\u5168\u90e8\u6b63\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u5f15\u8d77\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u5229\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4ec1\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u524d\u9762\u8bf4\u5230\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b5f\u5b50\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u4e49\u5229\u4e4b\u8fa8\u201d\u3001\u5373\u4ec1\u4e49\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u957f\u671f\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u662f\u6700\u900f\u5f7b\u7684\uff0c\u575a\u6301\u7528\u4ec1\u7231\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u4e5f\u662f\u4ec1\u7231\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u671f\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u201c\u7231\u5229\u201d\u2014\u2014\u7231\u800c\u5229\u4e4b\u3002\u738b\u5148\u8c26\u96c6\u89e3\u300a\u5112\u6548\u300b\u201c\u7231\u5229\u5219\u5f62\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u5f15\u6768\u501e\u6ce8\uff1a\u201c\u7231\uff08\u4eba\uff09\u5229\u4eba\u4e4b\u5fc3\u89c1\uff08\u73b0\uff09\u4e8e\u5916\u4e5f\u201d\uff1b\u53c8\u5f15\u90dd\u61ff\u884c\u4e4b\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7231\u4eba\u5229\u4eba\u7686\u6709\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\u201c\u7231\u5229\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u7231\u4eba\u5229\u4eba\u201d\u4e4b\u610f\u3002\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u5229\u6b32\uff1b\u800c\u5229\u6b32\u4e43\u51fa\u4e8e\u7231\uff1a\u7231\u5df1\u5219\u6b32\u5229\u5df1\uff0c\u7231\u4eba\u5219\u6b32\u5229\u4eba\u3002\u8340\u5b50\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ec1\u7231\u7684\u7b49\u6b21\uff1a\u81ea\u7231\u2192\u7231\u4eba\u2192\u4f7f\u4eba\u7231\u5df1\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn37\" name=\"_ftnref37\">[37]<\/a> \u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u7b49\u4e4b\u7231\u5fc5\u7136\u5bfc\u81f4\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u201c\u4ec1\u2192\u5229\u2192\u77e5\u2192\u4e49\u2192\u667a\u2192\u793c\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6599\u60f3\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u5173\u4e8e\u4ec1\u7231\u5bfc\u81f4\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u601d\u60f3\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u5112\u8005\u4eec\u7684\u5f02\u8bae\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u9707\u64bc\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5112\u5bb6\u4ec1\u7231\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6b63\u662f\u4ec1\u7231\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6b63\u662f\u4ec1\u7231\u6700\u7ec8\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e86\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f7b\u5e95\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4ec1\u7231\u89c2\u5ff5\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u5dee\u7b49\u4e4b\u7231\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5b9e\u60c5\uff1b\u4e00\u4f53\u4e4b\u4ec1\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u8fd9\u540c\u6837\u662f\u751f\u6d3b\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u201c\u4ec1\u6c11\u7231\u7269\u201d\u539f\u975e\u4ec0\u4e48\u9053\u5fb7\u8bf4\u6559\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u60c5\u611f\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u5b5f\u5b50\u8c13\u4e4b\u201c\u607b\u9690\u4e4b\u5fc3\uff0c\u4eba\u7686\u6709\u4e4b\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn38\" name=\"_ftnref38\">[38]<\/a>\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u539f\u5219\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u6027\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u8d85\u8d8a\u5dee\u7b49\u4e4b\u7231\u3001\u901a\u5411\u4e00\u4f53\u4e4b\u4ec1\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u60c5\u611f\u8bc9\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6b63\u4e49\u611f\u7684\u6e0a\u6e90\u6240\u81ea\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7531\u4ec1\u7231\u800c\u6b63\u4e49\u3001\u4ee5\u81f3\u5efa\u7acb\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u6240\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u793e\u4f1a\u5883\u754c\uff0c\u8c13\u4e4b\u201c\u4e50\u201d\u3001\u4ea6\u5373\u201c\u548c\u201d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u53eb\u4f5c\u201c\u793c\u4e50\u201d\u6587\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u4ec1\u2192\u5229\u2192\u77e5\u2192\u4e49\u2192\u667a\u2192\u793c\u2192\u4e50\u201d\u3002\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u4ec1\u7231\u2192\u5229\u6b32\u2192\u826f\u77e5\u2192\u6b63\u4e49\u2192\u7406\u667a\u2192\u89c4\u8303\u2192\u548c\u8c10\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e94\u3001\u7ed3\u8bed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u5112\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u4e3a\u5df1\u4e4b\u5b66\u201d\uff0c\u72b9\u5982\u300a\u5468\u6613\u00b7\u89c2\u5366\u300b\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u89c2\u5176\u751f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u89c2\u6211\u751f\u201d\u3002\u201c\u89c2\u6211\u751f\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u89c2\u6211\u751f\u8fdb\u9000\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u201c\u8fdb\u9000\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u4eba\u751f\u5883\u754c\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u3002\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u5728\u8bc9\u8bf8\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cbe\u795e\u751f\u6d3b\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5883\u754c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u6b64\u6709\u4e13\u9898\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<a href=\"#_ftn39\" name=\"_ftnref39\"><sup>[39]<\/sup><\/a> \u5112\u8005\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5883\u754c\u662f\u201c\u4ec1\u4e14\u667a\u201d\u7684\u5723\u4eba\uff1a\u201c\u6614\u8005\u5b50\u8d21\u95ee\u4e8e\u5b54\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u592b\u5b50\u5723\u77e3\u4e4e\uff1f\u2019\u5b54\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u5723\u5219\u543e\u4e0d\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u5b66\u4e0d\u538c\u800c\u6559\u4e0d\u5026\u4e5f\u3002\u2019\u5b50\u8d21\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u5b66\u4e0d\u538c\uff0c\u667a\u4e5f\uff1b\u6559\u4e0d\u5026\uff0c\u4ec1\u4e5f\u3002\u4ec1\u4e14\u667a\uff0c\u592b\u5b50\u65e2\u5723\u77e3\u3002\u2019\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn40\" name=\"_ftnref40\">[40]<\/a> \u8fd9\u8ba9\u6211\u60f3\u8d77\u5b5f\u5b50\u7684\u8bdd\uff1a\u201c\u543e\u672a\u80fd\u6709\u884c\u7109\uff0c\u4e43\u6240\u613f\uff0c\u5219\u5b66\u5b54\u5b50\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<a href=\"#_ftn41\" name=\"_ftnref41\">[41]<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u9ec4\u7389\u987a\uff1a\u300a\u9762\u5411\u751f\u6d3b\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5112\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u9ec4\u7389\u987a\u201c\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u201d\u81ea\u9009\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2006\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c375\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u4e3a\u653f\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u9ec4\u7389\u987a\uff1a\u300a\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u548c\u4e13\u5236\u7684\u6cd5\u6cbb\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u56db\u5ddd\u6cd5\u5236\u62a5\u300b1988\u5e744\u670818\u65e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u9ec4\u7389\u987a\uff1a\u300a\u6613\u7ecf\u53e4\u6b4c\u8003\u91ca\u300b\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\uff1a\u5df4\u8700\u4e66\u793e1995\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u9ec4\u7389\u987a\uff1a\u300a\u4e94\u56db\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7406\u5ff5\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u81ea\u7531\u7cbe\u795e\u300b\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e2000\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u5baa\u95ee\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u80e1\u585e\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u300b\uff0c\u502a\u6881\u5eb7\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u8bd1\u6587\u51fa\u7248\u793e1986\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u9a6c\u8d6b\uff1a\u300a\u611f\u89c9\u7684\u5206\u6790\u300b\uff0c\u6d2a\u8c26\u7b49\u8bd1\uff0c\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u99861975\u5e74\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u5e03\u65af\u66fc\uff08Hadumod Bussmann\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u8bcd\u5178\u300b\uff08<em>Dictionary of Language and Linguistics<\/em>. English edition \u00a9 Routledge 1996\uff09\u8bcd\u6761\u201c\u9884\u8bbe\u201d\uff08presupposition\uff09\u3002\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u4e8e\u5c14\uff08George Yule\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u8bed\u7528\u5b66\u300b\uff08<em>Pragmatics<\/em>. <em>Oxford Introduction to Language Study<\/em>. Oxford University Press, 1996\uff09\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u201c\u9884\u8bbe\u4e0e\u8574\u6db5\u201d\uff08Chapter 4. Presupposition and Entailment\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u84af\u56e0\uff1a\u300a\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u770b\u300b\uff0c\u6c5f\u5929\u9aa5\u7b49\u8bd1\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u8bd1\u6587\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1987\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u201c\u8bba\u4f55\u7269\u5b58\u5728\u201d\uff0c\u7b2c8\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u9ec4\u7389\u987a\uff1a\u300a\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5112\u5b66\u89c6\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u6d77\u5fb7\u683c\u5c14\u53ca\u5176\u6240\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u5eb7\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2004\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\uff1b\u4eba\u5927\u590d\u5370\u8d44\u6599\u300a\u5916\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u300b2004\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u5168\u6587\u8f6c\u8f7d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u9ec4\u7389\u987a\uff1a\u300a\u6ce8\u751f\u6211\u7ecf\uff1a\u8bba\u6587\u672c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6e0a\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u5b5f\u5b50\u201c\u8bba\u4e16\u77e5\u4eba\u201d\u601d\u60f3\u9610\u91ca\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u9662\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2008\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u9ec4\u7389\u987a\uff1a\u300a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u2014\u2014\u9a73\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u2018\u5931\u8bed\u2019\u201d\u8bf4\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u6587\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2004\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u9ec4\u7389\u987a\uff1a\u300a\u5112\u5b66\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e4b\u547d\u8fd0\u2014\u2014\u7eaa\u5ff5\u4e94\u56db\u8fd0\u52a890\u5468\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u300b2009\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u9ec4\u7389\u987a\uff1a\u300a\u5112\u5b66\u590d\u5174\u7684\u4e24\u6761\u8def\u7ebf\u53ca\u5176\u8d85\u8d8a\u2014\u2014\u5112\u5bb6\u5f53\u4ee3\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u601d\u8003\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u897f\u5357\u6c11\u65cf\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2009\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a>\u201c\u5929\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9053\u201d\u53e6\u6709\u66f4\u5176\u672c\u6e90\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u53ca\u5176\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a>\u300a\u8001\u5b50\u300b\u7b2c21\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a>\u300a\u8001\u5b50\u300b\u7b2c40\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a>\u300a\u8001\u5b50\u300b\u7b2c5\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u9ed1\u683c\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u7cbe\u795e\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u8d3a\u9e9f\u3001\u738b\u7396\u5174\u8bd1\uff0c\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u99861979\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c15\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u6b63\u540d\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u81e3\u9053\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u9ec4\u7389\u987a\uff1a\u300a\u7231\u4e0e\u601d\u2014\u2014\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u300b\uff0c\u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e2006\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u8bb2\u7b2c\u4e00\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> \u9ec4\u7389\u987a\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u7eb2\u8981\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u56db\u5ddd\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b2009\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a>\u300a\u5de6\u4f20\u00b7\u6210\u516c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a>\u300a\u5de6\u4f20\u00b7\u6587\u516c\u4e8c\u5e74\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u989c\u6e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u4e3a\u653f\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a>\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u536b\u7075\u516c\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> \u7f57\u5c14\u65af\uff1a\u300a\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1988\u5e74\u7b2c1\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c60-61\u3001249\u300161\u300183-84\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> \u7f57\u5c14\u65af\uff1a\u300a\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c12\u9875\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a>\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u516c\u5b59\u4e11\u4e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a>\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u544a\u5b50\u4e0b\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a>\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u4e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> \u9ec4\u7389\u987a\uff1a\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba\u65b0\u89e3\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u6587\u6742\u5fd7\u300b2009\u5e74\u7b2c5\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u793c\u8bba\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a>\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u5b50\u9053\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a> \u89c1\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u300b\u4e4b\u300a\u544a\u5b50\u4e0a\u300b\u53ca\u300a\u516c\u5b59\u4e11\u4e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a> \u9ec4\u7389\u987a\uff1a\u300a\u7231\u4e0e\u601d\u2014\u2014\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c\u56db\u8bb2\u201c\u5883\u754c\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a>\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u516c\u5b59\u4e11\u4e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a>\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u516c\u5b59\u4e11\u4e0a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u751f\u6d3b\u5112\u5b66\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u4e49\u8bba&#8211;\u4ece\u6211\u7814\u7a76\u5112\u5b66\u8bf4\u8d77 \u9ec4\u7389\u987a\u8457\uff1b \u5c71\u4e1c\u5927\u5b66 &gt;\u539f\u8f7d\u4e8e\u300a\u6df1\u5733\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u62a5\u300b201&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/2018\/04\/23\/%e9%bb%84%e7%8e%89%e9%a1%ba%ef%bc%8c%e7%94%9f%e6%b4%bb%e5%84%92%e5%ad%a6%e4%b8%8e%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e6%ad%a3%e4%b9%89%e8%ae%ba-%e4%bb%8e%e6%88%91%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e5%84%92%e5%ad%a6%e8%af%b4%e8%b5%b7\/\"><span>Read More<\/span><i>&#43;<\/i><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[38,79],"tags":[91,95,93,94,92],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/223"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=223"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/223\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":224,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/223\/revisions\/224"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=223"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=223"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=223"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}