{"id":213,"date":"2018-04-23T04:48:06","date_gmt":"2018-04-23T04:48:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/?p=213"},"modified":"2018-08-08T16:48:52","modified_gmt":"2018-08-08T16:48:52","slug":"%e9%99%88%e7%a5%96%e4%b8%ba%ef%bc%8c%e8%89%af%e7%9f%a5%e5%9d%8e%e9%99%b7%e5%8f%8a%e5%84%92%e5%ae%b6%e6%b0%91%e4%b8%bb%e8%af%b4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/2018\/04\/23\/%e9%99%88%e7%a5%96%e4%b8%ba%ef%bc%8c%e8%89%af%e7%9f%a5%e5%9d%8e%e9%99%b7%e5%8f%8a%e5%84%92%e5%ae%b6%e6%b0%91%e4%b8%bb%e8%af%b4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u9648\u7956\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u826f\u77e5\u574e\u9677\u201d\u53ca\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u8bf4"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><a href=\"http:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Chan-ZW.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-873\" src=\"http:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/Chan-ZW-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a>\u201c\u826f\u77e5\u574e\u9677\u201d\u53ca\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u8bf4<\/h3>\n<p>\u9648\u7956\u4e3a\u8457<br \/>\n\u9999\u6e2f\u5927\u5b66<br \/>\n<strong>\u539f\u8f7d\u4e8e<\/strong>Philosophy East and West 64(3), 785-795<br \/>\n\u4f5c\u8005\u6388\u6743\u4e8e\u8fdb\u6b65\u5112\u5b66\u7f51<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u6458\u8981\uff1a\u6682\u65e0<\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\uff0c\u8fdb\u6b65\u5112\u5b66\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/\u9648\u7956\u4e3a-\u826f\u77e5\u574e\u9677\u53ca\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u8bf4.pdf\">\u4e0b\u8f7dPDF\u7248\u672c<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u9605\u8bfb\u5168\u6587\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u826f\u77e5\u574e\u9677\u201d\u53ca\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u8bf4<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9648\u7956\u4e3a<\/p>\n<p>\u9999\u6e2f\u5927\u5b66<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f20\u7edf\u601d\u60f3\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5112\u5b66\uff0c\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u4e3b\u5f20\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u4fee\u8ba2\u4e0e\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5112\u5b66\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4f26\u7406\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u8bf2\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u601d\u60f3\u4f9d\u7136\u5177\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u5b89\u9756\u5982\u6559\u6388\u5373\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u5b66\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5112\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\u4f26\u7406\u601d\u60f3\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8bf4\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4efb\u4f55\u5bf9\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u4fee\u6b63\u5c06\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u96be\u9898\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u5112\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8bf4\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5927\u4fee\u6b63\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u4fdd\u7559\u5176\u5fb7\u6027\u4f26\u7406\u601d\u60f3\uff1f\u5b89\u9756\u5982\u5728\u5176\u300a\u5f53\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\uff1a\u8fdb\u6b65\u5112\u5b66\u53d1\u51e1\u300b\u4e2d\u5927\u80c6\u5730\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4fee\u6b63\u5112\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8bf4\u800c\u4e0d\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u5176\u5fb7\u6027\u4f26\u7406\u601d\u60f3\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u5112\u5b66\u7684\u5fb7\u6027\u4f26\u7406\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5219\u4fee\u6b63\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8bf4\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5112\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u79f0\u5176\u5f53\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u201c\u8fdb\u6b65\u5112\u5b66\u201d\u3002\u5728\u5b8c\u5584\u5176\u5f53\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ece\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u7075\u611f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u826f\u77e5\u574e\u9677\u201d\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5373\u662f\u8bc4\u8ff0\u201c\u826f\u77e5\u574e\u9677\u201d\u8bf4\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u652f\u6301\u5b89\u9756\u5982\u201c\u8fdb\u6b65\u5112\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u6b65\u5112\u5b66<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u9756\u5982\u7684\u201c\u8fdb\u6b65\u5112\u5b66\u201d\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u5927\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u4ed6\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u575a\u6301\uff08\u89c1<em>Contemporary Confucian Political Philosophy: Toward Progressive Confucianism<\/em><em>\u7b2c<\/em><em>17<\/em><em>\u9875<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f20\u7edf\u5112\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u6307\u7684\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ec1\u4e49\u793c\u667a\u4fe1\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u5112\u5b66\u6240\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3002\u201c\u662f\u5426\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f8e\u5fb7\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e3a\u5176\u601d\u60f3\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u5224\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5112\u5b66\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u201d\uff08\u7b2c19\u9875\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fdb\u6b65\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u5112\u5b66\u81ea\u8eab\u6240\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u5b89\u5a67\u5982\u4e3b\u5f20\u5f53\u4ee3\u5112\u5b66\u5fc5\u987b\u63a5\u53d7\u201c\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4e3b\u5f20\u6bd4\u5982\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u53c2\u4e0e\u3001\u6cd5\u6cbb\u3001\u6839\u9664\u793e\u4f1a\u538b\u8feb\u7b49\u201d\uff08\u7b2c9\u9875\uff09\u3002\u5b89\u9756\u5982\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4fe1\u5949\u5fb7\u6027\u63d0\u5347\u2014\u2014\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u5112\u8005\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u4fe1\u6761\u2014\u2014\u5373\u610f\u5473\u7740\u63a5\u53d7\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u6b65\u5112\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u5ff5\u5c31\u662f\u5fb7\u6027\u4f26\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u89c1\u89e3\uff08ethical insight\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6765\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u6cbb\u53d8\u9769\u53c8\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6211\u4eec\u6f5c\u5728\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u8fdb\u6b65\u5112\u5b66\u6240\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u9769\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5bcc\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u81ea\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fb7\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fb7\u6027\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u4f20\u7edf\u6240\u73cd\u89c6\u7684\u3002(p. 18)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bdd\u8bed\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u653f\u6cbb\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5fb7\u6027\u8fdb\u6b65\u5bf9\u5e94\u8d77\u6765\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5c1a\u9700\u8981\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u5112\u5b66\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5fb7\u6027\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u70b9\u662f\u8d85\u51e1\u5165\u5723\uff0c\u800c\u5723\u4eba\u4e4b\u6cbb\u662f\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6743\u529b\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u8054\u6027\u5728\u5112\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u5185\u5723\u5916\u738b\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5206\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u5112\u5b66\u4e3b\u5f20\u7cbe\u82f1\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u5ff5\u53d1\u6325\u5230\u6781\u81f4\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u5723\u738b\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002\u5112\u5bb6<\/p>\n<p>\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u95f4\u6700\u9686\u91cd\u7684\u4f4d\u5b50\uff08\u5373\u738b\u4f4d\uff09\u5e94\u8be5\u7559\u7ed9\u624d\u5fb7\u81fb\u5723\u7684\u4eba\uff08\u5373\u5723\u4eba\uff09\u3002<a href=\"#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[i]<\/a>\u6362<\/p>\n<p>\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u624d\u5fb7\u81fb\u5723\u7684\u4eba\u5982\u679c\u771f\u6709\u5176\u4eba\u4e14\u83b7\u4fe1\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u6c11\u4f17\uff0c\u5176\u4eba\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88<\/p>\n<p>\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u6743\uff1f\u8fd9\u79cd\u6743\u529b\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e0e\u6c11\u4f17\u5171\u4eab\uff0c\u6216\u4e0d\u53d7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\u5112\u5bb6\u4f20\u7edf\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u7406\u89e3\u5b89\u9756\u5982\u6b64\u4e66\u7684\u62b1\u8d1f\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u56de\u907f\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u540c\u610f\u5723\u4eba\u4ec5\u662f\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff1b\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5723\u4eba\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7406\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u6c11\u4e3b\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e13\u5236\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5b89\u5a67\u5982\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u56de\u907f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fce\u9762\u800c\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u8ba4\u771f\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\u5723\u4eba\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u53ca\u5723\u4eba\u4e4b\u6cbb\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u58f0\u79f0\u5723\u4eba\u4e4b\u6cbb\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u60f3\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bfc\u5411\u4e13\u5236\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5723\u4eba\u4e4b\u6cbb\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5bf9\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\uff08\u73b0\u4ee3\u8fdb\u6b65\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b89\u9756\u5982\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6b64\u8bba\u8ff0\u5c06\u6709\u529b\u5730\u652f\u6301\u6c11\u4e3b\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u5112\u5bb6\u4f26\u7406\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u727a\u7272\u5112\u5bb6\u6838\u5fc3\u4f26\u7406\u7406\u60f3\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u201d\u7684\u7406\u5ff5<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u9756\u5982\u501f\u7528\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u826f\u77e5\u574e\u9677\u201d\u6765\u652f\u6301\u5176\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u91c7\u7eb3\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4e14\u65e0\u8da3\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7248\u672c\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0e\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5e76\u65e0\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u5b89\u9756\u5982\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u8bba\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7406\u5ff5\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\uff1a\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u4f17\u201c\u53d7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u8981\u7b26\u5408\u653f\u6cbb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u201d\uff0828\u9875\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u4f17\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5927\u4f17\u8981\u9650\u5236\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u800c\u91c7\u7eb3\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u6027\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u73b0\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u8bf8\u5982\u4e49\u52a1\u8bf4\u6216\u8005\u7ed3\u679c\u8bba\uff08consequentialism\uff09\u7b49\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u9009\u4e3e\u6743\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5112\u5b66\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u4ed6\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u5fb7\u6027\u4eba\u683c\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e94\u201d\uff0827\u9875\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u8981\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u800c\u9075\u4ece\u653f\u6cbb\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5462\uff1f\u6b63\u5982\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5b89\u9756\u5982\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u81ea\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6781\u5176\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff1a\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u66f4\u5145\u5206\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u8f9f\u51fa\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4ef7\u503c\u9886\u57df\uff0828\u9875\uff09\u3002\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6b64\u89c2\u70b9\u5728\u6574\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u67a2\u7ebd\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7a0d\u4f5c\u505c\u987f\u6765\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u201c\u826f\u77e5\u574e\u9677\u201d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u6309\u7167\u4ee5\u4e0b\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u7406\uff1a\u201cX\u5fc5\u987b\u9650\u5236\u81ea\u6211\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u66f4\u5145\u5206\u5b9e\u73b0\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u201d\u66f4\u5408\u4e4e\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u63a8\u740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S.\u7a46\u52d2\u5728\u5176\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u4e2d\u3002\u7a46\u52d2\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e78\u798f\u53ea\u80fd\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u76f4\u63a5\u4ee5\u5e78\u798f\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u7a46\u52d2\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u53ea\u6709\u4e0d\u4ee5\u5e78\u798f\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u624d\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u5e78\u798f\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u601d\u6240\u60f3\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u4e0a\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u6216\u8005\u60f3\u7740\u522b\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u5e78\u798f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u60f3\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fdb\u6b65\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5927\u4e8b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u827a\u672f\u8ffd\u6c42\u6216\u8005\u5176\u4ed6\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e3a\u4e50\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e3a\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ffd\u6c42\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u800c\u8ffd\u6c42\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u5374\u987a\u5e26\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5e78\u798f\u3002<a href=\"#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[ii]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u574e\u9677\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7a46\u52d2\u7684\u5e78\u798f\u89c2\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\uff1a\u5e78\u798f\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u9650\u5236\u81ea\u8eab\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e78\u798f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u56de\u5230\u5b89\u9756\u5982\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\uff08X\uff09\u9650\u5236\u81ea\u8eab\u800c\u9075\u4ece\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff08Y\uff09\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u5145\u5206\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\uff08X\uff09\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u201c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u9075\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u6b63\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u5185\u5728\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u201d(35\u9875)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u6db5\u4e49\u662f\u5373\u4f7f\u5723\u4eba\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdd\u53cd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\uff1a\u201c\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\u653f\u6cbb\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u539f\u5219\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u58f0\u79f0\u66f4\u4e86\u89e3\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u4eba\u8fdd\u53cd\u201d\uff0828\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u5373\u4f7f\u5723\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdd\u80cc\u5baa\u6cd5\u201d\uff0866\u9875\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u4e4b\u574e\u9677<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5173\u4e8e\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u5012\u5e95\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63d0\u5347\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u81ea\u8eab\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u88ab\u7528\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u6709\u5fb7\u4e4b\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u5c31\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u6309\u7167\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e2d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u6027\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u4e92\u4e0d\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7406\u6027\u3002<a href=\"#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[iii]<\/a>\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u5b89\u9756\u5982\u662f\u5426\u63a5\u53d7\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u6709\u70b9\u8d70\u6781\u7aef\u3002\u7684\u786e\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u6ce8\u91cd\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4ee5\u9075\u5b88\u89c4\u5219\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9075\u5b88\u89c4\u5219\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7406\u6027\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u662f\u6839\u636e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u4e92\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u6216\u539f\u5219\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u6216\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u603b\u662f\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\u7ed9\u51fa\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u5224\u65ad\u529b\u7684\u534f\u52a9\u3002<a href=\"#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[iv]<\/a>\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b98\u5458\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u6cd5\u5b98\u90fd\u4f1a\u805a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5546\u8ba8\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u8861\u5404\u65b9\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5fb7\u4e0e\u624d\u5728\u4e24\u96be\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u4e2d\u90fd\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u6307\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u6027\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u5e72\u4e14\u5f7c\u6b64\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c06\u5f88\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u4e0e\u91c7\u7528\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u6027\u4f1a\u63d0\u9ad8\u4eba\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u5fb7\u884c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8981\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5b89\u9756\u5982\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3a\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u57f9\u517b\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u8981\u6c42\u6c11\u4f17\u653e\u5f03\u5b9e\u65bd\u3001\u8bc9\u8bf8\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u574e\u9677\u4e00\u8bcd\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6c11\u4f17\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u53d1\u5c55\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6c11\u4f17\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u574e\u9677\u7406\u8bba\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u81ea\u5706\u5176\u8bf4\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u5173\u4e8e\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u6027\u4e25\u683c\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7406\u89e3\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a\u65e0\u8bba\u9053\u5fb7\u7406\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u5b83\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdd\u80cc\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u5b89\u9756\u5982\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u539f\u5219\u5c31\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u6700\u9ad8\u539f\u5219\u771f\u6b63\u5177\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5a01\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u3002\u800c\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u670d\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u5ba2\u89c2\u6027\u6b63\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u201d\uff0835\u9875\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b89\u9756\u5982\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6c11\u4f17\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u81ea\u5df1\u670d\u4ece\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5176\u8bba\u8bc1\u662f\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u6216\u5baa\u6cd5\u65e2\u8981\u6c42\u53c8\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u670d\u4ece\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6c11\u4f17\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u4e0a\u3002<a href=\"#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[v]<\/a>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u6743\u5a01\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6c11\u4f17\u201c\u653e\u5f03\u79c1\u4eba\u5224\u65ad\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u53ef\u6eaf\u6e90\u5230\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u4e0e\u6d1b\u514b\u3002<a href=\"#_edn6\" 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href=\"#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[ix]<\/a>\u5b54\u5b50\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e86\u4ec1\u4e0e\u5723\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ec1\u7684\u5883\u754c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u51ed\u501f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u8fbe\u5230\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ec1\u4eba\u201c\u592b\u4ec1\u8005\uff0c\u5df1\u6b32\u7acb\u800c\u7acb\u4eba\uff0c\u5df1\u6b32\u8fbe\u800c\u8fbe\u4eba\u3002\u80fd\u8fd1\u53d6\u8b6c\uff0c\u53ef\u8c13\u4ec1\u4e4b\u65b9\u4e5f\u5df2\u201d\uff08 \u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u00b7\u96cd\u4e5f\u300b\uff09<a href=\"#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[x]<\/a>\u3002\u201c\u4ec1\u8fdc\u4e4e\u54c9\uff1f\u6211\u6b32\u4ec1\uff0c\u65af\u4ec1\u81f3\u77e3\u3002\u00a0\u201d<a href=\"#_edn11\" name=\"_ednref11\">[xi]<\/a>\u56e0\u6b64\u4ec1\u7684\u5883\u754c\u5bf9\u5fb7\u6027\u4fee\u517b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u5982\u5723\u4eba\u5883\u754c\u90a3\u4e48\u9ad8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u4ec1\u7684\u5883\u754c\u7684\u786e\u540c\u6837\u9700\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u3002\u6309\u7167\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd4\u8bf8\u6c42\u5df1<a href=\"#_edn12\" name=\"_ednref12\">[xii]<\/a>\uff0c\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\u8df5\u884c\u5b5d\u608c\uff0c<a href=\"#_edn13\" name=\"_ednref13\">[xiii]<\/a>\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u505a\u5230\u656c\u4e0e\u4fe1\uff0c<a href=\"#_edn14\" name=\"_ednref14\">[xiv]<\/a>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f85\u52a9\u4ec1\u7684\u4fee\u884c\u3002\u6211\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u4fee\u4ec1\uff0c\u800c\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u53ea\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ec1\u8bba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e3a\u6c11\u4f17\u53c2\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u5723\u4eba\u4e4b\u6cbb\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u51e0\u79cd\u5112\u5bb6\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u5373\u53c2\u4e0e\u8bba\u3001\u5723\u4eba\u8bba\u548c\u4ec1\u8bba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\uff1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5fb7\u6027\u6210\u957f\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\uff1b\u5723\u4eba\u8bba\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u5b9e\u6743\u6210\u4e3a\u5723\u4eba\uff1b\u800c\u4ec1\u8bba\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u53c2\u4e0e\u8bba\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u662f\u5fb7\u6027\u6210\u957f\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u95ee\u6211\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u7279\u610f\u533a\u5206\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u524d\u8005\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4fee\u8ba2\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u9009\u4e3e\u5b98\u5458\u4e0e\u88ab\u9009\u4e3e\u6210\u4e3a\u5b98\u5458\u8fd9\u79cd\u666e\u9009\u3002\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u3001\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u5112\u5bb6\u89c6\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u662f\u8981\u9020\u798f\u4e8e\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7edf\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f53\u6743\u8005\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fb7\u6027\u4fee\u517b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u4e8b\u4e1a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5fb7\u624d\u517c\u5907\u7684\u4eba\u8d1f\u8d77\u7ba1\u7406\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u662f\u5173\u4e4e\u6c11\u4f17\u5e78\u798f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5723\u4eba\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5bf9\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u7684\u5206\u914d\u663e\u5f97\u5c24\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5b89\u9756\u5982\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u8bba\u4e2d\u522b\u51fa\u5fc3\u88c1\u7136\u800c\u53c8\u6700\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5047\u8bbe\u5723\u4eba\u771f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5e76\u8d5e\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u6c11\u4f17\u90fd\u4eab\u6709\u6743\u529b\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u6211\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u867d\u7136\u522b\u51fa\u5fc3\u88c1\u4f46\u53c8\u5bcc\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u5723\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u65e0\u9700\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u82e5\u662f\u9700\u8981\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6765\u534f\u8c03\u4e00\u4e9b\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u6700\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u5fb7\u624d\u517c\u5907\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5723\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5723\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u6240\u6709\u5b98\u5458\u4e0e\u653f\u5ba2\u90fd\u5fb7\u6027\u4e0d\u8db3\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u4e48\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u5c06\u4f1a\u4f18\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0e\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u9009\u4e3e\u4e5f\u5c06\u5904\u7f5a\u5e76\u514d\u804c\u8150\u8d25\u6216\u4e0d\u79f0\u804c\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u4eba\u4eba\u7686\u5723\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u6ca1\u6709\u5723\u4eba\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u8005\u51e0\u4e2a\u5723\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5fb7\u6027\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u6240\u8ba4\u53ef\u5e76\u88ab\u8d4b\u4e88\u6743\u529b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u4f9d\u7136\u80dc\u8fc7\u72ec\u88c1\u5417\uff1f\u5b89\u5a67\u5982\u7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href=\"#_edn15\" name=\"_ednref15\">[xv]<\/a>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4f1a\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u6c11\u4f17\u5fb7\u6027\u4fee\u517b\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e25\u5bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u70b9\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u5e76\u975e\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3002\u9009\u4e3e\u4e0e\u6539\u9009\u7684\u672c\u6765\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9632\u6b62\u5fb7\u6027\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u653f\u6cbb\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f3a\u8feb\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u56de\u5e94\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u8fd9\u8981\u6c42\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u7455\u75b5\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u52a9\u957f\u65e0\u77e5\u3001\u6781\u7aef\u3001\u504f\u72ed\u7b49\u89c2\u5ff5\u6e17\u5165\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u7acb\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5723\u4eba\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5f31\u70b9\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u6027\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u4e0d\u662f\u653e\u5f03\u6c11\u4e3b\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e2a\u5404\u79cd\u5ba1\u614e\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6539\u8fdb\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5112\u5bb6\u6240\u575a\u6301\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6c11\u4e3b\u6548\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u771f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5723\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5723\u4eba\u4e4b\u6cbb\u5c06\u76f4\u63a5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4f18\u8d28\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u6240\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e0e\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u540c\u6837\u4e0d\u5982\u5723\u4eba\u4e4b\u6cbb\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u5723\u4eba\u4e4b\u6cbb\u662f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u65e0\u7f3a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bf4\u4efb\u4f55\u4e25\u8083\u8ba4\u771f\u5bf9\u5f85\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5112\u5bb6\uff09\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5f00\u660e\u7684\u5723\u4eba\u6cbb\u7406\u5c06\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u80dc\u8fc7\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5e0c\u671b\u524d\u9762\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63d0\u5347\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4fee\u517b\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e00\u628a\u53cc\u5203\u5251\uff0c\u5b83\u542f\u53d1\u6c11\u4f17\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u63d0\u70bc\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u654f\u611f\u4e0e\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u8d77\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u6c11\u4f17\u6210\u4e3a\u72ed\u9698\u3001\u72ec\u65ad\u3001\u6124\u4e16\u3001\u865a\u4f2a\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u6c11\u4e3b\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u3002\u6211\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bba\u8ff0\u8fc7\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0e\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8feb\u4f7f\u5f53\u9009\u5b98\u5458\u4e3a\u6c11\u4f17\u8c0b\u798f\u5229\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u64a4\u6389\u4e0d\u79f0\u804c\u6216\u8d2a\u8150\u7684\u5b98\u5458\u3002\u5176\u4e8c\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u679c\u88ab\u9009\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u5f97\u5230\u6c11\u4f17\u6c11\u4f17\u4fe1\u8d56\u4e14\u5bcc\u4e8e\u624d\u5e72\uff08\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8fbe\u4e0d\u5230\u5723\u4eba\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6784\u6210\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u666e\u9009\u5236\u5ea6\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u624b\u6bb5\u4ee5\u8868\u8fbe\u6c11\u4e0e\u5b98\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u9009\u8005\u83b7\u4fe1\u4e8e\u6c11\uff0c\u4e3a\u6c11\u8c0b\u798f\uff0c\u800c\u6c11\u4f17\u5219\u5168\u5fc3\u5168\u610f\u652f\u6301\u5f53\u9009\u8005\u3002<a href=\"#_edn16\" name=\"_ednref16\">[xvi]<\/a>\u7b80\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u8ba4\u53ef\u5f53\u9009\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u5b98\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e92\u76f8\u4fe1\u8d56\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u529b\u4e5f\u5728\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u6211\u96c6\u4e2d\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5b89\u9756\u5982\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u5112\u5b66\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\u4ed6\u7684\u6709\u4e9b\u8bba\u8bc1\u6709\u8da3\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u61c8\u53ef\u51fb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\u4e66\u4e2d\u6240\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u975e\u5e38\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u672c\u6587\u7bc7\u5e45\u6240\u80fd\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u6211\u7279\u522b\u8981\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u800c\u4e14\u524d\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u5bf9\u5112\u5bb6\u793c\u4eea\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u793c\u4eea\u5bf9\u5112\u5bb6\u5fb7-\u793c-\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u5b89\u9756\u5982\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u5bf9\u5baa\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3001\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8865\u5145\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u6df1\u523b\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u73b0\u4ee3\u5112\u5b66\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u8fa8\u8bc6\u3001\u6279\u8bc4\u793e\u4f1a\u538b\u8feb\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e0d\u5fc5\u53cd\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8c26\u6291\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6211\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\u4ed6\u4e3a\u8fdb\u6b65\u5112\u5b66\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4f9d\u7136\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6784\u60f3\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u80dc\u800c\u8bba\u8bc1\u5168\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u91ca<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u8f83\u65e9\u7684\u7a3f\u5b50\u57282013\u5e744\u6708\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0e\u516c\u5171\u884c\u653f\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u4e3a\u5b89\u5a67\u5982\u541b\u7684\u65b0\u4e66\u6240\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a\u4e0a\u5ba3\u8bfb\u8fc7\u3002\u53c2\u52a0\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u5b89\u9756\u5982\u3001\u8303\u9510\u5e73\u3001\u91d1\u5723\u6587\uff08Sungmoon Kim\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u5904\u81f4\u8c22\u51e0\u4f4d\u5bf9\u6211\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u6027\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[i]<\/a> \u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u5112\u5bb6\u5112\u5bb6\u63a5\u53d7\u4e16\u88ad\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u541b\u4e3b\u672c\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5fb7\u6027\u6700\u9ad8\u4e4b\u4eba\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5112\u5b66\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u79cd\u541b\u4e3b\u7cbe\u82f1\u5236\u5ea6\u53ef\u53c2\u8003\u6211\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u5236\u4e0e\u7cbe\u82f1\u7edf\u6cbb\uff1a\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u300b\uff08\u201c<em>Political Meritocracy and Meritorious Rule: A Confucian Perspective<\/em>\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u8f7d\u4e8e\u8d1d\u6de1\u5b81\uff08Daniel A. Bell\uff09\u4e0e\u674e\u6668\u9633\u4e3b\u7f16\u7684\u300a\u4e1c\u4e9a\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff1a\u6bd4\u8f83\u89c6\u91ce\u4e2d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u5236\u300b\uff08<em>The East Asian Challenge for Democracy: Political Meritocracy in Comparative Perspective<\/em>\uff09\uff08\u5251\u6865\uff0c\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2013\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c31-54\u9875<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[ii]<\/a> J. S.\u7a46\u52d2\uff0c\u300a\u81ea\u4f20\u300b\uff08\u4f26\u6566\uff1a\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1955\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff0c\u7b2c120\u9875<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[iii]<\/a> \u725f\u5b97\u4e09, \u300a\u653f\u9053\u4e0e\u6cbb\u9053\u300b(\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u5b66\u751f\u4e66\u5c40\uff0c1980\u5e74), \u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[iv]<\/a>\u00a0 \u5173\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u5224\u65ad\u529b\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u89c1\u7f57\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u8d1d\u7eb3\uff08Ronald<\/p>\n<p>Beiner\uff09\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u5224\u65ad\u529b\u300b\uff08\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\uff1a\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1984\u5e74\uff09<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[v]<\/a>\u00a0 \u5173\u4e8e\u6743\u5a01\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u89c1\u6210\u7956\u4e3a\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u6743\u5a01\u300b\u4e00\u6587\uff08\u201c<em>Authority<\/em>,\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u8f7d\u4e8e\u7531\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u53ca\u4e54\u00b7\u798f\u5c14\u96f7\u514b;\uff08Paul Barry Clarke and Joe \u00a0\uff09\u6240\u4e3b\u7f16\u7684\u300a\u6c11\u4e3b\u601d\u60f3\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u300b\uff08<em>Encyclopedia of Democratic Thought<\/em>\uff09\uff08\u4f26\u6566\uff1a\u8def\u7279\u96f7\u5947\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff08Routledge\uff09\uff0c2001\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c20-24\u9875<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[vi]<\/a> \u83b1\u65af\u5229\u00b7\u683c\u6797\uff08Leslie Green\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6743\u5a01\u300b(<em>The Authority of the State<\/em>)\uff0c\uff08\u725b\u6d25\uff1a\u514b\u62c9\u4f26\u767b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff08Clarendon Press,\uff09\uff0c1983\u5e74\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c37\u9875<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[vii]<\/a> \u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u62c9\u5179\uff0c\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u300b\uff08<em>Morality of Freedom<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\uff08\u725b\u6d25\uff1a\u514b\u62c9\u4f26\u767b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff08Clarendon Press\uff0c1986\u5e74\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u5230\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u62c9\u5179\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5bf9\u6743\u5a01\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fa9\u62a4\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u7406\u6027\u6240\u9a73\u5012\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u8fc7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bd4\u8fc7\u4e0a\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u201d\u751f\u6d3b\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\uff08\u89c1\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7b2c57\u9875\uff09<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[viii]<\/a> \u5b89\u9756\u5982\uff08Stephen C. Angle\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u5723\u5883\uff1a\u5b8b\u660e\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5f53\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\u300b\uff08<em>Sagehood: The Contemporary Significance of Neo-Confucian Philosophy<\/em>\uff09\uff08\u7ebd\u7ea6\uff1a\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248 \u793e\uff0c2009\u5e74\uff09\uff0c14-14\u9875\uff0c182-183\u9875\uff0cbut see p. 15 n. 7.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[ix]<\/a> \u5b54\u5b50\uff0c\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u300b(\u5218\u6bbf\u7235\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u54c8\u8499\u5179\u6c83\u601d(Harmondsworth)\uff1a\u4f01\u9e45\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1979\u5e74)\uff0c\u7b2c\u516d\u7bc7\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u7ae0\uff0c\u7b2c85\u9875\u3002\u8fd9\u7ae0\u5bf9\u5723\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5723\u4eba\u8981\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad8\u4f4d\u4e0e\u6743\u529b\uff08\u5fc5\u8981\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u5145\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\uff09\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u89e3\u8bfb\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5723\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u7528\u8fd9\u6743\u529b\u6765\u9020\u798f\u4e8e\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[x]<\/a> Ibid.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref11\" name=\"_edn11\">[xi]<\/a> Ibid. \u7b2c\u4e03\u7bc7\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u7ae0\uff0c\u7b2c90\u9875<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref12\" name=\"_edn12\">[xii]<\/a> Ibid., \u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7bc7\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u7b2c112\u9875<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref13\" name=\"_edn13\">[xiii]<\/a> Ibid., \u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\uff0c\u7b2c59\u9875<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref14\" name=\"_edn14\">[xiv]<\/a> Ibid., \u7b2c13\u7bc7\u7b2c19\u7ae0\uff0c121\u9875<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref15\" name=\"_edn15\">[xv]<\/a> \u89c1\u8a79\u68ee\u2022\u5e03\u4f26\u5357\uff08Jason Brennan\uff09\u7684\u300a\u6295\u7968\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u300b\uff08<em>The Ethics of Voting<\/em>\uff09\uff08\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\uff1a\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2011\u5e74\uff09\uff1b\u5e03\u8d56\u6069\u00b7\u79d1\u666e\u5170\uff08Bryan Caplan\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u7406\u6027\u9009\u6c11\u7684\u795e\u8bdd\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6c11\u4e3b\u9009\u62e9\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u300b\uff08<em>The Myth of the Rational Voter: Why Democracies Choose<\/em> <em>Bad Policies<\/em>\uff09\uff08\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\uff1a\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2007\u5e74\uff09\uff1b\u7b80\u00b7\u66fc\u65af\u5e03\u91cc\u5947\uff08Jane J. Mansbridge\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u8d85\u8d8a\u654c\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\uff08<em>Beyond Adversary Democracy<\/em>\uff09\uff08\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\uff1a\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c1983\uff09\uff1b\u72c4\u5b89\u5a1c C. \u7a46\u8328\uff08Diana C. Mutz\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u542c\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u9762\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\uff1a\u534f\u5546\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0e\u53c2\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\uff08<em>Hearing the Other Side: Deliberative versus Participatory Democracy<\/em>\uff09\uff08\u7ebd\u7ea6\uff1a\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2006\uff09<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ednref16\" name=\"_edn16\">[xvi]<\/a> \u89c1\u6211\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u81f3\u5584\u4e3b\u4e49\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u4ee3\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b66\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff08\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\uff1a\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2014\uff09<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201c\u826f\u77e5\u574e\u9677\u201d\u53ca\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u8bf4 \u9648\u7956\u4e3a\u8457 \u9999\u6e2f\u5927\u5b66 \u539f\u8f7d\u4e8ePhilosophy East and West 64(3&#8230;<\/p>\n<p class=\"more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/2018\/04\/23\/%e9%99%88%e7%a5%96%e4%b8%ba%ef%bc%8c%e8%89%af%e7%9f%a5%e5%9d%8e%e9%99%b7%e5%8f%8a%e5%84%92%e5%ae%b6%e6%b0%91%e4%b8%bb%e8%af%b4\/\"><span>Read More<\/span><i>&#43;<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[38,70,107],"tags":[72,101,71,102],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=213"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":214,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/213\/revisions\/214"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=213"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=213"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}