{"id":4503,"date":"2023-03-08T19:51:45","date_gmt":"2023-03-08T19:51:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/?p=4503"},"modified":"2023-03-09T23:17:54","modified_gmt":"2023-03-09T23:17:54","slug":"%e4%bb%8e%e5%90%83%e4%ba%ba%e5%88%b0%e4%ba%88%e4%ba%ba%e6%9d%83%e5%88%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/blog\/2023\/03\/08\/%e4%bb%8e%e5%90%83%e4%ba%ba%e5%88%b0%e4%ba%88%e4%ba%ba%e6%9d%83%e5%88%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5f9e\u201c\u5403\u4eba\u201d\u5230\u4e88\u4eba\u6b0a\u5229"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/%e9%99%88%e7%b4%a0%e8%8a%ac\/\" data-type=\"page\" 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style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\"\/>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>&nbsp;\u2026\u2026\u6bcf\u9801\u4e0a\u90fd\u5beb\u8457\u201c\u4ec1\u7fa9\u9053\u5fb7\u201d\u5e7e\u500b\u5b57\u2026\u2026\uff08\u6211\uff09\u624d\u5f9e\u5b57\u7e2b\u88e1\u770b\u51fa\u5b57\u4f86\uff0c\u6eff\u672c\u90fd\u5beb\u8457\u5169\u500b\u5b57\u662f\u201c\u5403\u4eba\u201d!<\/p>\n<cite>\u2014\u2014\u9b6f\u8fc5<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u4eba\u5011\u901a\u5e38\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5805\u4fe1\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u4e43\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u9577\u8655\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u627f\u8a8d\u67d0\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u4eba\u985e\u5354\u4f5c\u6240\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u55ae\u7368\u500b\u9ad4\u7121\u6cd5\u7372\u5f97\u3002\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u72a7\u7272\u500b\u9ad4\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5462?\u81ea\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b78\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u5c31\u8a66\u5716\u7de9\u89e3\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u793e\u6703\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7dca\u5f35\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u6279\u8a55\u628a\u81ea\u7531\u8aa4\u89e3\u6210\u201c\u70ba\u6240\u6b32\u70ba\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u89c0\u5ff5\u8207\u57ce\u90a6\uff08\u5373\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\uff09\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u5229\u76f8\u885d\u7a81\u3002<sup><a href=\"#2\">2<\/a><\/sup>\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8a72\u8aaa\u7e31\u5bb9\uff0c\u7121\u7591\u6709\u5bb3\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u5171\u8655\uff0c\u66f4\u4f55\u6cc1\u793e\u6703\u7684\u548c\u8ae7\u548c\u4e92\u60e0\u5354\u4f5c\u4e86\u3002\u6839\u64da\u6258\u99ac\u65af\u00b7\u970d\u5e03\u65af\uff08Thomas Hobbes\uff09\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u82e5\u4e0d\u52a0\u4ee5\u898f\u5f8b\uff0c\u9019\u985e\u7e31\u5bb9\u5c07\u9020\u6210\u201c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6230\u722d\u201d\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u751f\u547d\u201c\u5b64\u7368\u3001\u8ca7\u7aae\u3001\u9119\u8ce4\u3001\u91ce\u883b\u548c\u77ed\u4fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u975e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u624d\u95dc\u6ce8\u81ea\u7531\u8cb6\u70ba\u7e31\u5bb9\u800c\u7834\u58de\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u7d04\u7ff0\u00b7\u65af\u5716\u4e9e\u7279\u00b7\u5bc6\u723e\uff08John Stuart Mill\uff09\u8a55\u8ad6\u9053:\u201c\u5927\u9b5a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5373\u662f\u5c0f\u9b5a\u5011\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u201d\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5011\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u9700\u8981\u9650\u5236\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u95dc\u6ce8\u4efb\u4f55\u5718\u9ad4\u5728\u884c\u4f7f\u6b0a\u529b\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5426\u8a8d\u5176\u6210\u54e1\u4f5c\u70ba\u7368\u7acb\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5a01\u8105\u5176\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u793e\u7fa4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u62d2\u7d55\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5728\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u672c\u9ad4\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff0c\u662f\u5206\u958b\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u9078\u64c7\u662f\u5426\u8981\u6d89\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c\u500b\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u800c\u69cb\u9020\u793e\u6703\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u5247\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5e38\u5e38\u6210\u70ba\u6b21\u8981;\u800c\u6700\u6975\u7aef\u5f37\u8abf\u500b\u4eba\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u512a\u5148\u6027\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u751a\u81f3\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u201c\u793e\u6703\u9053\u5fb7\u2026\u2026\u5728\u6211\u5011\u5468\u570d\u89e3\u9ad4\u4e86\u201d\u3002<sup><a href=\"#3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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href=\"#4\">4<\/a><\/sup>\u6211\u5011\u73cd\u8996\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u80fd\u5920\u4fdd\u8b77\u500b\u9ad4\uff0c\u7d66\u4e88\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6b0a\u529b\u53bb\u63a2\u5c0b\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u5be6\u73fe\u3002\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u5011\u95dc\u5fc3\u5982\u4f55\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5b58\u5728\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u6709\u76ca\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u548c\u793e\u7fa4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u7a81\u986f\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u5e73\u8861\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u50f9\u503c\u2014\u5b83\u662f\u502b\u7406\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6c38\u4e45\u554f\u984c\u3002<sup><a href=\"#5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u904e\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u79ae\u201d\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5e73\u8861\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\u3002 \u201c\u79ae\u201d\u5728\u82f1\u8a9e\u4e2d\u4e00\u822c\u7ffb\u8b6f\u70ba\u201crites\u201d\uff0c\u201crituals\u201d\uff0c\u201cceremony\u201d\uff0c\u201critual action\u201d\uff0c\u201critual 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is-style-dots\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5112\u5bb6\u53cd\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8b74\u8cac\u5112\u5bb6\u6c92\u6709\u7d66\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u4efb\u4f55\u7a7a\u9593\u3002\u50cf\u76e7\u897f\u6069\u00b7\u6d3e\u4f0a\uff08 Lucian Pye\uff09\u548c\u8a79\u7d0d\uff08W. J. F. Jenner\uff09\u7b49\u5b78\u8005\u5c31\u628a\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u5c08\u5236\u793e\u6703\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u6b78\u7f6a\u65bc\u5112\u5bb6\u3002<sup><a href=\"#6\">6<\/a><\/sup>\u9019\u4e26\u975e\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u6587\u5316\u5e1d\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7121\u77e5\u7684\u91ce\u883b\u4eba\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u77e5\u751a\u5c11\u7684\u6771\u897f\u6240\u767c\u8868\u7684\u610f\u898b\u3002\u50cf\u8cbb\u5b5d\u901a\u548c\u77bf\u540c\u7956\u7b49\u4e2d\u570b\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u50b3\u7d71\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u5112\u5bb6\u53cd\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u4ecd\u7136\u6d41\u884c\u65bc\u53ef\u5ba3\u7a31\u7e7c\u627f\u5112\u5bb6\u8863\u7f3d\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u548c\u6771\u4e9e\u4eba\u4e2d\u3002<sup><a href=\"#7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">&nbsp;\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b78\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u201c\u4ec1\u201d\u9019\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u60f3\u6709\u6df1\u610f\u5730\u878d\u5408\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u6211\u540c\u610f\u6b64\u610f\u898b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u6293\u4f4f\u201c\u4ec1\u201d\u548c\u201c\u79ae\u201d\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u8457\u773c\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u6700\u5584\u610f\u800c\u53c8\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8a8d\u53ef\u7684\u502b\u7406\u89c0\u5ff5\uff08\u7279\u5225\u662f\u7576\u6211\u5011\u628a\u5b83\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6210\uff0c\u201dbenevolence\u201d\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff09\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6d41\u65bc\u7c21\u55ae\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u6700\u56b4\u53b2\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u5c0d\u201c\u4ec1\u201d\u4e5f\u5c11\u6709\u975e\u8a5e\u2014\u4ed6\u5011\u9802\u591a\u4e5f\u662f\u6279\u8a55\u201c\u4ec1\u201d\u7406\u8ad6\u7121\u6cd5\u5be6\u8e10;\u4f46\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u201c\u79ae\u201d\u7684\u502b\u7406\u50f9\u503c\u537b\u5f80\u5f80\u8f03\u6210\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6575\u610f\u5f80\u5f80\u6b78\u548e\u65bc\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u50b3\u7d71\u6163\u4f8b\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u201c\u7db1\u5e38\u201d\u7684\u201c\u79ae\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u9019\u79ae\u6559\u6709\u6642\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u640d\u5bb3\u53ef\u6bd4\u55bb\u70ba\u201c\u5403\u4eba\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u6211\u5c07\u5617\u8a66\u6d88\u9664\u5c0d\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u79ae\u201d\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u6307\u8cac\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u63ed\u793a\u201c\u79ae\u201d\u61c9\u8a72\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u81ea\u7531\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4e88\u6b0a\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u95dc\u7d66\u4e88\u6b0a\u529b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u6709\u7528\u65bc\u7576\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u7576\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u5e73\u8861\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u7dda\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u901a\u904e\u201c\u79ae\u201d\u4f86\u69cb\u5efa\u5171\u540c\u9ad4<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u96d6\u7136\u7814\u7a76\u201c\u79ae\u201d\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u5b78\u8005\u5011\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u9054\u6210\u5171\u8b58\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u79ae\u201d\u537b\u76f8\u7576\u7b26\u5408\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u7f85\u68ee\u5e03\u52d2\uff08Eric Rothenbuhler\uff09\u5c0d\u79ae\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9:\u201c\u81ea\u9858\u5b8c\u6210\u6709\u9069\u7576\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4ee5\u50cf\u5fb5\u6027\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u6216\u8005\u53c3\u8207\u56b4\u8085\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u3002<sup><a href=\"#8\">8<\/a><\/sup>\u79ae\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u69cb\u6210\u6027\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u4f0a\u8afe\uff08Robert Eno\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u201c\u5112\u5bb6\u201d\u6240\u6307\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6559\u689d\u6027\u601d\u60f3,\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u79ae\u5100\u884c\u70ba\u4f5c\u5176\u7279\u5fb5\u6027\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u3002 \u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b\u6240\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u6559\u5c0e\u6027\u7684\u8a00\u8a9e\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u9593\u6709\u6548\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u79ae\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4e2d\u4ee5\u8aaa\u8a71\u8005\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u9a57\u9ad4\u73fe\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u50f9\u503c\u201d\u3002<sup><a href=\"#9\"> 9<\/a><\/sup>\u901a\u904e\u201c\u79ae\u201d\u4f86\u69cb\u5efa\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u53ca\u5be6\u8e10\u3002\u5176\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u671f\u671b\u9054\u5230\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u9589\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u500b\u7f6e\u65bc\u5176\u6210\u54e1\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u5be6\u9ad4\u2014\u2014\u800c\u61c9\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u985e\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u958b\u653e\u7684\u7db2\u7d61\u3002<sup><a href=\"#10\">10<\/a><\/sup>\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u8207\u5225\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5b8c\u5168\u6c92\u6709\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u800c\u5f80\u5f80\u5b58\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u5c0d\u5f31\u7684\u3001\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u69cb\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u591a\u5be1\u53ca\u5f37\u5f31\u5dee\u5225\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5b83\u7684\u6d88\u9577\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u501f\u7528\u90dd\u5927\u7dad\u548c\u5b89\u6a02\u54f2\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u7531\u591a\u500b\u96c6\u9ede\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u5834\u57df\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u96c6\u9ede\u5c31\u662f\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u6210\u54e1\u3002<sup><a href=\"#11\">11<\/a><\/sup>\u6bcf\u500b\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u4fee\u8eab\u4fc3\u9032\u96c6\u9ede\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u548c\u64f4\u5927\u5176\u7bc4\u570d\u3002\u589e\u52a0\u5f37\u5ea6\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6539\u5584\u95dc\u4fc2\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5728\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u5354\u4f5c\u6210\u5c31\uff1b\u64f4\u5927\u7bc4\u570d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u589e\u591a\u7522\u751f\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u64f4\u5927\u96c6\u9ede\u7bc4\u570d\u53ef\u80fd\u767c\u751f\u5728\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u9ede\u5834\u57df\u5167\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u65bc\u539f\u672c\u4e0d\u5c6c\u65bc\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u52a0\u5165\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4e5f\u64f4\u5927\u5834\u57df\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8cea\u91cf\u548c\u6578\u91cf\u4e0a\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u6210\u9577\uff08\u589e\u5f37\u53ca\u64f4\u5927\u96c6\u9ede\uff09\u8207\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u6210\u9577\uff08\u64f4\u5927\u5834\u57df\uff09\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u5112\u5bb6\u500b\u4eba\u4fee\u8eab\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u9054\u6210\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u6027\u201d\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ec1\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u4e5f\u88ab\u8b6f\u70babenevolence\u201d\uff09\u3002\u675c\u7dad\u660e\u5206\u6790\u6f22\u5b57\u201c\u4ec1\u201d\u70ba\u201c\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u4f86\u6307\u51fa\u5112\u5bb6\u500b\u4eba\u6982\u5ff5\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u95dc\u4fc2\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u500b\u4eba\u4fee\u8eab\u8207\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u5efa\u8a2d\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e92\u76f8\u860a\u6db5\u3002<sup><a href=\"#12\">12<\/a><\/sup>\u5112\u5bb6\u4e2d\u79ae\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u6210\u9577\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002 \u201c\u514b\u5df1\u5fa9\u79ae\u70ba\u4ec1\u201d\u3002<sup><a href=\"#13\">13<\/a><\/sup>\u79ae\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u548c\u610f\u7fa9\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u901a\u904e\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u884c\u70ba\uff08\u5373\u4ec1\uff09\u4f86\u69cb\u6210\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002 \uff08\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b3. 3\u5b50\u66f0:\u201c\u4eba\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec1\uff0c\u5982\u79ae\u4f55?\u4eba\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec1\uff0c\u5982\u6a02\u4f55?\u201d\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b4.13\u5b50\u65e5:\u201c\u80fd\u4ee5\u79ae\u8b93\u70ba\u570b\u4e4e?\u4f55\u6709?\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u79ae\u8b93\u70ba\u570b\uff0c\u5982\u79ae\u4f55?\u201d\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u5f9e\u5112\u5bb6\u4e4b\u79ae\u6240\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u548c\u8ae7\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u9580\u4eba\u6709\u5b50\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u79ae\u4e4b\u7528\uff0c\u548c\u70ba\u8cb4\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b1. 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href=\"#14\">14<\/a><\/sup>\u79ae\u53ef\u5728\u793e\u6703\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u4eba\u70ba\u7684\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6e1b\u5c11\u7531\u885d\u7a81\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u640d\u5bb3\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u4fc3\u6210\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u548c\u8ae7\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5169\u500b\u6210\u54e1\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u53f8\u91cc\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u9593\u4ee5\u982d\u929c\u7a31\u547c\uff0c\u9075\u5b88\u5176\u4ed6\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u79ae\u5100\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u78ba\u7acb\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u628a\u516c\u4e8b\u4e0a\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u9650\u65bc\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u5167\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u6e1b\u5c11\u5f71\u97ff\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u901a\u904e\u9650\u88fd\u8868\u9054\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u79ae\u5100\u898f\u7bc4\u4f7f\u885d\u7a81\u4e0d\u6703\u500b\u4eba\u5316\u6216\u5168\u9762\u5316\u3002\u6709\u5b78\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u5112\u5bb6\u56e0\u63a8\u5d07\u548c\u8ae7\u800c\u963b\u7919\u4e86\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u885d\u7a81\u9032\u884c\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u6574\u50b7;\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u5b54\u5b50\u63a5\u53d7\u7af6\u722d\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u722d\u8ad6\u8207\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u5021\u61c9\u8a72\u628a\u5b83\u9650\u5236\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u548c\u9069\u7576\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u4ee5\u201c\u79ae\u201d\u76f8\u722d\u3002 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style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u5730\u63a8\u5d07\u201c\u79ae\u201d\u662f\u5426\u5ffd\u8996\u4e86\u5728\u4e0d\u80fd\u6839\u9664\u885d\u7a81\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u6b0a\u5229\u4f86\u4fdd\u8b77\u5f31\u8005\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u514d\u53d7\u5f37\u8005\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\u5462?\u751a\u81f3\u90a3\u4e9b\u9858\u610f\u8a8d\u53ef\u5112\u5bb6\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u62d2\u7d55\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u4e5f\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u56fa\u6709\u7368\u65b7\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u6709\u6b64\u7591\u616e\uff1a\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u88fd\u5ea6\u7d50\u69cb\u4f86\u4fdd\u969c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u793e\u6703\u88e1\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u4e00\u76f4\u8655\u5728\u793e\u6703\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u58d3\u8feb\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u70ba\u500b\u9ad4\u81ea\u7531\u88fd\u9020\u7a7a\u9593?\u5236\u5ea6\u7d50\u69cb\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002\u897f\u65b9\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u8faf\u8b77\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u7f85\u7d0d\u5fb7\u00b7\u5fb7\u6c83\u91d1\uff08Ronald Dworkin\uff09\uff0c\u5805\u6301\u8a8d\u70ba\u6cd5\u5236\u5c0d\u4fdd\u969c\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u81f3\u70ba\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u5982\u679c\u5f9e\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u4fdd\u969c\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u3002\u7136\u800c\u50c5\u50c5\u9760\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u969c\u4e26\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u3002\u7684\u78ba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u6703\u904e\u5ea6\u63a1\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53bb\u89e3\u6c7a\u4eba\u969b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u53cd\u800c\u5c0d\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u8d77\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u6cd5\u88fd\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u9019\u7a2e\u53cd\u6548\u679c\u3002<sup><a href=\"#15\">15<\/a><\/sup>\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8a34\u8a1f\u5c0e\u81f4\u4eba\u5011\u8a2d\u60f3\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u5011\u7522\u751f\u81ea\u79c1\u50be\u5411\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u640d\u5bb3\u4e86\u5f7c\u6b64\u9593\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u96a8\u5f8c\u548c\u8ae7\u76f8\u8655\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8a34\u8a1f\u904b\u4f5c\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u4e5f\u7e3d\u662f\u95dc\u6ce8\u7d93\u6fdf\u554f\u984c\u3001\u8cc7\u6e90\u5229\u76ca\u5206\u914d\u3001\u7269\u8cea\u88dc\u511f\u6216\u56de\u5831\u3002\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e26\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u805a\u7fa4\u7372\u53d6\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7fa4\u9ad4\u6240\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u66f4\u9ad8\u5229\u76ca\u8207\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u88e1\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u6240\u8a2d\u60f3\u7684\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u201c\u6211\u7684\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u201c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u201d\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u8981\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u7fa4\u9ad4\u6216\u500b\u4eba\u74dc\u5206\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5927\u9905\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u81f4\u529b\u5275\u9020\u5229\u76ca\u5206\u4eab\u7d66\u5927\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u7576\u8655\u5728\u6575\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u91cc\u6216\u6575\u5c0d\u60c5\u6cc1\u6f5b\u5b58\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u88e1\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u5229\u76ca\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e88\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9577\u6642\u9593\u5730\u8655\u5728\u6575\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\u88e1\u3001\u983b\u7e41\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f86\u4fdd\u8b77\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5c07\u7834\u58de\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u5fc5\u9808\u8f49\u8b8a\u5176\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u65e2\u6709\u76ca\u65bc\u81ea\u8eab\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u76ca\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u6210\u9577\uff1b\u7d14\u7cb9\u81ea\u885b\u5730\u56de\u61c9\u6575\u5c0d\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u5c07\u6700\u7d42\u7834\u58de\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u69cb\u6210\u6027\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u58ae\u843d\u800c\u5177\u58d3\u8feb\u6027\u3002\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u76f4\u81ea\u6211\u4fdd\u8b77\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u201c\u6211\u5011\u201d\u8207\u201c\u4ed6\u5011\u201d\u76f8\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\u53d7\u570d\u56f0\u5fc3\u614b\uff0c\u5982\u7406\u67e5\u00b7\u6851\u5167\u7279\uff08Richard Sennett\uff09\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u201c\u5c11\u6578\u7fa4\u9ad4\u805a\u5c45\u5340\u7684\u60c5\u7d50\u201d\u3002<sup><a href=\"#16\">16<\/a><\/sup>\u5c0d\u201c\u5916\u4eba\u201d\u6709\u6240\u731c\u7591\u751a\u81f3\u6575\u8996\uff0c\u6703\u5f62\u6210\u5c0d\u5167\u90e8\u7570\u5df1\u7684\u4e0d\u5bec\u5bb9\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u5c31\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e0d\u826f\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u6291\u5236\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5275\u9020\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u6210\u54e1\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u6d1e\u898b\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u50c5\u50c5\u4f9d\u9760\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u88c1\uff0c\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u5efa\u7acb\u6216\u7dad\u6301\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u79ae\u201d\u8207\u201c\u5211\u7f70\u201d\uff08\u61f2\u7f70\u6027\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff09\u5f62\u6210\u9bae\u660e\u7684\u5c0d\u7167\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>&nbsp;\u5b50\u66f0:\u201c\u9053\u4e4b\u4ee5\u653f\uff0c\u9f4a\u4e4b\u4ee5\u5211\uff0c\u6c11\u514d\u800c\u7121\u6065;\u9053\u4e4b\u4ee5\u5fb7\uff0c\u9f4a\u4e4b\u4ee5\u79ae\uff0c\u6709\u6065\u4e14\u683c\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b2.3\uff09<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5112\u5bb6\u9818\u5c0e\u5c64\u6240\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u4e26\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u500b\u5206\u914d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u9ad4\u7cfb\u6216\u8005\u88c1\u65b7\u7cfe\u7d1b\u3002\u6a21\u7bc4\u9818\u5c0e\u8005\u5fc5\u9808\u901a\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4ec1\u884c\u7d50\u5408\u500b\u4eba\u6210\u5c31\u8207\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002 \uff08\uff08\uff08\u8ad6\u8a9e\uff09\uff09\uff096. 30\u201c\u592b\u4ec1\u8005\uff0c\u5df1\u6b32\u7acb\u800c\u7acb\u4eba\uff0c\u5df1\u6b32\u9054\u800c\u9054\u4eba\u3002\u201d\uff09\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u904e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u88c1\uff08\u7121\u8ad6\u5b83\u591a\u516c\u5e73\uff09\u4f86\u5be6\u73fe\u8207\u7dad\u6301\u7684;\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u662f\u901a\u904e\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u5e36\u4f86\u6210\u54e1\u9593\u81ea\u767c\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5112\u5bb6\u5fc5\u9808\u5b8c\u5168\u62d2\u7d55\u4f7f\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8a34\u8a1f\u548c\u6cd5\u5236\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5211\u7f70\u6240\u860a\u6db5\u4e4b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5f37\u8feb\u6027\u4f7f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7121\u6cd5\u9054\u6210\u548c\u8ae7\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5275\u9020\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u7576\u524d\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u6a21\u7cca\u548c\u7e2e\u5c0f\u79ae\u8207\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u5b78\u8005\u96d6\u7136\u5f37\u8abf\u4efb\u4f55\u5112\u5bb6\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u201c\u79ae\u201d\u90fd\u8981\u6709\u9748\u6d3b\u7684\u9918\u5730\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u628a\u201c\u79ae\u201d\u7576\u4f5c\u201c\u689d\u4f8b\uff08rules\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u70ba\u4e86\u9054\u6210\u793e\u6703\u548c\u8ae7\u800c\u52a0\u65bc\u500b\u9ad4\u884c\u70ba\u4e4b\u5916\u5728\u7d04\u675f\u3002\u72c4\u767e\u745e\uff08Wm. Theodore de Bary\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u201c\u79ae\u201d\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7acb\u61b2\u79e9\u5e8f\u201d\uff0c\u4e26\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u2018\u79ae\u2019\uff08 rites\uff09\u548c\u2018\u6cd5\u2019\uff08laws\uff09\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u91cd\u758a\u201d\u3002<sup><a href=\"#17\">17<\/a><\/sup>\u7531\u65bc\u5b5f\u5b50\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u6cd5\u201d\uff08\u73fe\u4ee3\u7ffb\u8b6f\u70ba\u201claw\u201d\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff09\u4f86\u6307\u201c\u8056\u738b\u4e4b\u6a21\u7bc4\u5236\u5ea6\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6307\u6cd5\u5bb6\u6240\u63d0\u5021\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u72c4\u767e\u745e\u4fbf\u63a1\u7528\u201claw\uff08s\uff09\u201d\uff08\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff09\u4f86\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5112\u5bb6\u8a9e\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6cd5\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u6642\u9593\u4e0a\u8d8a\u6eaf\u5f80\u53e4\uff0c\u628a\u201c\u6cd5\u201d\u770b\u6210\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u7684\u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u8d8a\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8aa4\u89e3\u3002\u6700\u65e9\u671f\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u6cd5\u201d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u8207\u79ae\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u6027\u5316\u5b98\u50da\u9ad4\u7cfb\u6216\u6b98\u9177\u73fe\u5be6\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5de5\u5177;\u5b83\u5305\u542b\u6df1\u690d\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u79ae\u5100\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6e96\u5247\u3002<sup><a href=\"#18\">18<\/a><\/sup>\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ffb\u8b6f\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u610f\u7fa9\u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u201d\u7684\u201c\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u860a\u542b\u4e86\u5f37\u8feb\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u6cd5\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u6cd5\u201d\u6216\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3002\u66f4\u4f55\u6cc1\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u5230\u5728\u6cd5\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u4e26\u4e0d\u5728\u201c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9762\u524d\u4eba\u4eba\u5e73\u7b49\u201d\u4e4b\u4f8b\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4fbf\u6703\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5c31\u6cd5\u5f8b\u61c9\u662f\u201c\u6709\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u6216\u8aaa\u660e\u6027\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u4e14\u666e\u904d\u7684\u547d\u984c\u201d\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u5728\u5148\u79e6\u4e2d\u570b\u601d\u60f3\u88e1\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<sup><a href=\"#19\">19<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u660e\u78ba\u79ae\u8207\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\u5c0d\u5145\u5206\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5112\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u79ae\u4f9d\u9760\u8f49\u5316\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5247\u4f9d\u9760\u5f37\u8feb\u6027\u61f2\u7f70\u3002\u7d9c\u89c0\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u50b3\u7d71\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u201c\u79ae\u201d\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5236\u5ea6\u4e5f\u7d93\u5e38\u662f\u63a1\u7528\u5f37\u8feb\u5be6\u65bd\u7684\u9000\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u8981\u60f3\u4f7f\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u79ae\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u548c\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u653e\u68c4\u5c07\u5b83\u8a2d\u60f3\u70ba\u5f37\u8feb\u6027\u7d04\u675f\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u624d\u80fd\u5bdf\u89ba\u7531\u79ae\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u7dad\u6301\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u500b\u9ad4\u6210\u54e1\u64c1\u6709\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u3002\u500b\u4eba\u4fee\u8eab\u548c\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u5275\u9020\u76f8\u4e92\u860a\u6db5\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u8207\u81ea\u7531\u4ea6\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u79ae\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u986f\u793a\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u79ae\u5be6\u884c\u9069\u7576\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u6703\u4ee5\u5f37\u8feb\u4f86\u525d\u596a\u5176\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u6f22\u4ee3\u4ee5\u5f8c\u7686\u8b1b\uff0c\u201c\u79ae\u81ea\u5916\u4f5c\u201d\uff0c\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b\u5176\u5be6\u4e26\u4e0d\u8a8d\u540c\u628a\u79ae\u5f62\u5bb9\u70ba\u5916\u5728\u7d04\u675f\u3002<sup><a href=\"#20\">20<\/a><\/sup>\u5b54\u5b50\u6240\u53f1\u8cac\u7684\u662f\u90a3\u7a2e\u53ea\u91cd\u5916\u5728\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5b54\u5b50\u8a8d\u70ba\u201c\u79ae\u4e91\u79ae\u4e91\uff0c\u7389\u5e1b\u96f2\u4e4e\u54c9?\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b17. 11\uff09\u9019\u4e43\u662f\u8aaa\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u5728\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u88ab\u89f8\u52d5\u3001\u614b\u5ea6\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5805\u6301\u79ae\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u79ae\u5c31\u53ea\u662f\u7a7a\u6d1e\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b3.4, 3.26, 17.21, 19.1\uff09\u3002\u675c\u7dad\u660e\u6307\u51fa\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u548c\u6587\u672c\u4e0a\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u90fd\u5f37\u8abf\u79ae\u7684\u52d5\u614b\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5b83\u7684\u975c\u614b\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5167\u5728\u5167\u5bb9\u8207\u5916\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u5e73\u8861\u6642\uff0c\u79ae\u624d\u80fd\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<sup><a href=\"#21\">21<\/a><\/sup>\u5f37\u8feb\u7684\u5be6\u884c\u53ea\u6703\u9069\u5f97\u5176\u53cd\uff0c\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u80fd\u5be6\u8e10\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u79ae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u79ae\u4f5c\u70ba\u7b26\u865f\u7d50\u69cb<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u6211\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u660e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u5be6\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u6587\u737b\u722d\u8ad6\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5e38\u5e38\u6279\u8a55\u793e\u7fa4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5c0d\u201c\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u201d\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u6709\u6642\u5019\u7576\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5ba3\u7a31\u5176\u95dc\u6ce8\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u6642\uff0c\u793e\u7fa4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5247\u8511\u8996\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u201c\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u201d\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u819a\u6dfa\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8981\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u8b93\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u6eff\u610f\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u78ba\u5be6\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u63a1\u7528\u675c\u5a01\uff08John Dewey\uff09\u5c0d\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u89e3\u91cb;\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u4ed6\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u6982\u5ff5\u6700\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u675c\u5a01\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u201c\u662f\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u201d\u3002<sup><a href=\"#22\">22<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u5171\u540c\uff08common\uff09\u3001\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\uff08community\uff09\u3001\u5171\u540c\u6e9d\u901a\uff08communication\uff09\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u4e0d\u662f\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u8a00\u8fad\u4e0a\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u6771\u897f\u800c\u751f\u6d3b\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u5167;\u800c\u5171\u540c\u6e9d\u901a\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u64c1\u6709\u5171\u540c\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002 \uff08\u300a\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u300b\uff09<sup><a href=\"#23\">23<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u898f\u7bc4\u6027\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u901a\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\u4e4b\u9593\u548c\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u500b\u4eba\u6216\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6e9d\u901a\uff08\u5373\u901a\u8a0a\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6d3b\u52d5\u5be6\u73fe\u5171\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u548c\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u7576\u7136\u5171\u540c\u6e9d\u901a\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u5167\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u6e9d\u901a\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u5c31\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u696d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u5be6\u73fe\u60c5\u611f\u8207\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u4e92\u901a\u3002\u675c\u5a01\u5f0f\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u8996\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52d9\u70ba\u4ee5\u6700\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5171\u540c\u6e9d\u901a\u3002<sup><a href=\"#24\">24<\/a><\/sup>\u5340\u5225\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u8207\u793e\u6703\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5718\u9ad4\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u56f0\u96e3\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u5011\u6027\u8cea\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6027\u4f9d\u9760\u7684\u662f\u5171\u540c\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u754c\u9650\u6216\u8005\u58d3\u8feb\u6027\u7684\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u5df2\u7d93\u8a3b\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u901a\u8fc5\u662f\u79ae\u5100\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u7576\u4eca\u5b78\u8005\u591a\u504f\u5411\u901a\u904e\u6587\u5316\u8457\u624b\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u8a0a\uff0c\u800c\u79ae\u5100\u5247\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f54\u6709\u7a81\u51fa\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6e9d\u901a\u9700\u8981\u63a1\u7528\u7b26\u865f\u3002\u7b26\u865f\u7d50\u69cb\u4f7f\u793e\u6703\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u904e\u7a0b\u3001\u6709\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u548c\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<sup><a href=\"#25\">25<\/a><\/sup>\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u79ae\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7b26\u865f\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u6f22\u5b57\u4e2d\u201c\u79ae\uff0c\u2019\uff08\u6a59\uff09\u7684\u5beb\u6cd5\u63cf\u7e6a\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u796d\u7940\u7528\u7684\u5668\u76bf;\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u4ee3\u5b97\u6559\u5100\u5f0f\u3002\u79ae\u662f\u4eba\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u3001\u795e\u9748\u4ee5\u53ca\u7956\u5148\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u5617\u8a66\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u5728\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u4e8b\u696d\u5f97\u5230\u6eff\u610f\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u514b\u5229\u5f17\u5fb7\u00b7\u7d00\u723e\u8332\uff08Clifford Geertz\uff09\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u6240\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u796d\u62dc\u795e\u9748\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u6027\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u4ee3\u5b97\u6559\u5100\u5f0f\u591a\u662f\u50cf\u5fb5\u6027\u5730\u91cd\u6f14\u90a3\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5354\u4f5c\u6d3b\u52d5\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u6536\u5272\u8fb2\u4f5c\u7269\u6216\u8005\u767c\u52d5\u6230\u722d\u7684\u5100\u5f0f\u4e2d\u2014\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u901a\u904e\u76f8\u4e92\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u627f\u8a8d\u5f7c\u6b64\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8cf4\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u91cd\u7533\u5f7c\u6b64\u9593\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u5171\u540c\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u8ca0\u8cac\u3002\u5982\u300a\u4e2d\u5eb8\u300b\u6240\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u796d\u62dc\u7956\u5148\u8868\u660e\u4e26\u52a0\u5f37\u4e86\u6c0f\u65cf\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u2014\u5b83\u8b93\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u5730\u6392\u7df4\u5206\u5225\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u6240\u7576\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3002<sup><a href=\"#26\">26<\/a><\/sup>\uff08\u201c\u5b97\u5edf\u4e4b\u79ae\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e8f\u662d\u7a46\u4e5f\uff1b\u5e8f\u7235\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fa8\u8cb4\u8ce4\u4e5f\uff1b\u5e8f\u4e8b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fa8\u8ce2\u4e5f\uff1b\u65c5\u916c\u4e0b\u70ba\u4e0a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u902e\u8ce4\u4e5f\uff1b\u71d5\u6bdb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e8f\u9f52\u4e5f\u3002\u201d\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u4e00\u65e6\u201c\u5deb\u8853\u201d\u56e0\u7d20\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u9593\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6e9d\u901a\u5c0d\u79ae\u7684\u4fdd\u5b58\u5c31\u8b8a\u5f97\u6108\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u796d\u62dc\u5148\u7956\uff0c\u4f46\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u76f8\u4fe1\u6b7b\u53bb\u7684\u5148\u7956\u80fd\u5920\u901a\u904e\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u4f86\u5f71\u97ff\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b;\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u662f\u5728\u65bc\u5176\u8868\u9054\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u8207\u524d\u4eba\u3001\u5f8c\u4eba\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u5c0d\u5148\u7956\u7684\u79ae\u656c\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u675c\u7dad\u660e\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u201c\u4fe1\u4efb\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u201d\u65b9\u9762\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8a9e\u5883\u88e1\uff0c\u5e03\u9b6f\u65af\u00b7\u6797\u80af\uff08Bruce Lincoln\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u79ae\u5100\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u7a2e\u6b0a\u5a01\u5f0f\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u8ac7\u8a71\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u6fc0\u767c\u69cb\u9020\u793e\u6703\uff08\u89aa\u8fd1\u548c\u758f\u9060\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u7dd2\u7684\u5f37\u6709\u529b\u5de5\u5177\u201d\u3002<sup><a href=\"#27\">27<\/a><\/sup>\u79ae\u5100\u5728\u7dad\u6301\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u65b9\u9762\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u79ae\u5100\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\u5c0e\u81f4\u5404\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u75c5\u614b\u53ca\u500b\u4eba\u5fc3\u7406\u969c\u7919\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u79ae\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002<sup><a href=\"#28\">28<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u6578\u5343\u5e74\u4f86\uff0c\u79ae\u4e00\u76f4\u69cb\u5efa\u4e26\u7dad\u6301\u4e2d\u570b\u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u7cfb\u3002 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Zito\uff09\u5c0d18\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u201c\u5927\u796d\u201d\uff08\u6839\u64da\u6e05\u88fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u6e05\u660e\u65e5\u3001\u5b5f\u79cb\u671b\u65e5\u3001\u51ac\u81f3\u65e5\u53ca\u6b72\u66ae\u70ba\u56db\u5927\u796d\u3002\u2014\u8b6f\u8a3b\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\u79ae\u7bc0\u70ba\u5e1d\u570b\u7d71\u6cbb\u4e4b\u4e00\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u901a\u904e\u628a\u7687\u5e1d\u5851\u9020\u6210\u70ba\u6b63\u78ba\u9ad4\u73fe\u8207\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\uff0c\u671d\u5ef7\u88fd\u9020\u4e26\u8a66\u5716\u638c\u63a7\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u4eba\u6c11\u751f\u6d3b\u6bcf\u500b\u89d2\u843d\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u8207\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5efa\u7acb\u5f37\u6b0a\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u5c62\u898b\u4e0d\u9bae\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u6210\u529f\u6216\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5f37\u6b0a\u5099\u53d7\u722d\u8b70\u3002<sup><a href=\"#30\">30<\/a><\/sup>\u6210\u529f\u7684\u79ae\u5100\u5f37\u6b0a\u4e26\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u904e\u53bb;\u9ec3\u7d39\u69ae\u5c0d\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u79ae\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u500b\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u901a\u8a0a\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u79ae\u4f5c\u70ba\u653f\u6cbb\u901a\u8a0a\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u91cd\u8981\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u56e0\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u8207\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6b77\u53f2\u6df5\u6e90\u800c\u50c5\u50c5\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u6cbb\u3002\u9019\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u66fe\u7528\u65bc\u7814\u7a76\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u7e3d\u7d71\u7af6\u9078\u3002<sup><a href=\"#31\">31<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u79ae\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u80fd\u63a7\u5236\u79ae\u7684\u7b26\u865f\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u7d50\u69cb\u5728\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u79ae\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u7fa9\u8d85\u8d8a\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u5176\u5f8c\u679c\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u5c31\u662f\u90aa\u60e1\u548c\u58d3\u8feb\u3002\u79ae\u7684\u7b26\u865f\u7d50\u69cb\u4e2d\u860a\u6db5\u4fc3\u9032\u500b\u4eba\u548c\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u6210\u9577\u7684\u8c50\u5bcc\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u79ae\u5305\u542b\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u79e9\u5e8f\u4f86\u8aaa\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u70ba\u4eba\u4e4b\u9053\u3002\u7576\u4ee3\u5b78\u8005\u5982\u7f85\u68ee\u5e03\u52d2\uff0c\u5728\u6c92\u53c3\u8003\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u201c\u79ae\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u6027\u5316\u7684\u5171\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u201d\u3002<sup><a href=\"#32\">32<\/a><\/sup>\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e2d\u570b\u6216\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u8a31\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u79ae\u7bc0\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6176\u795d\u51fa\u751f\u4e4b\u79ae\u3001\u6210\u4eba\u79ae\u3001\u5a5a\u79ae\u548c\u846c\u79ae\u7b49\uff1b\u9019\u4e9b\u79ae\u7bc0\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u4eba\u751f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6642\u523b\u3001\u5728\u751f\u547d\u9031\u671f\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u74b0\u7bc0\u6216\u8005\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5340\u57df\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8f49\u63db\u6642\u523b\u3002<sup><a href=\"#33\">33<\/a><\/sup>\u9019\u4e9b\u6642\u523b\u65e2\u662f\u4e00\u4eba\u751f\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u7d50\u675f\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4eba\u751f\u968e\u6bb5\u7684\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5b83\u6a19\u8a8c\u8457\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8b8a\u9077\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u9019\u4e9b\u8f49\u6298\u6642\u523b\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u662f\u85c9\u7531\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u901a\u904e\u79ae\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u5728\u89c0\u9ede\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u548c\u52a0\u5f37\u69cb\u6210\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u6210\u4eba\u79ae\u9ad4\u73fe\u4e86\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u54e1\u5c0d\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5730\u4f4d\u53ca\u5176\u8207\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e4b\u91cd\u8981\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u8a8d\u53ef\u3002\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u793e\u6703\u5c0d\u6b64\u4eba\u5c07\u4f86\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u6709\u6240\u671f\u5f85\u548c\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4ed6\u5c0d\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u671f\u5f85\u548c\u8981\u6c42\u4e5f\u5c07\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u846c\u79ae\u5247\u9ad4\u73fe\u4e86\u6b7b\u8005\u4e4b\u751f\u6b7b\u5c0d\u65bc\u54c0\u60bc\u8005\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u846c\u79ae\u8868\u9054\u4e86\u751f\u8005\u5c0d\u6b7b\u8005\u7562\u751f\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u8207\u6176\u795d\uff0c\u8868\u9054\u4e86\u751f\u8005\u5c0d\u6b7b\u8005\u7684\u54c0\u601d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7533\u660e\u5c0d\u5176\u907a\u5fd7\u7684\u7e7c\u627f\u767c\u63da\u3002<sup><a href=\"#34\">34<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u8a31\u8a31\u591a\u591a\u7684\u79ae\u7bc0\u2014\u5982\u6709\u95dc\u8863\u8457\u3001\u554f\u5019\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u7a2e\u793e\u6703\u5834\u5408\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u7b49\u7b49\u2014\u65b9\u4fbf\u6211\u5011\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u4e92\u52d5\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u502b\u6566\u7687\u5bb6\u5b78\u6703\u201c\u52d5\u7269\u8207\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4e4b\u5100\u5f0f\u5316\uff08ritualization\uff09\u201d\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d6b\u80af\u9ece\uff08Julian Huxley\uff09\u7528\u201c\u5100\u5f0f\u5316\u201d\u4e00\u8a5e\u4f86\u6982\u62ec\u201c\u6709\u52d5\u6a5f\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u548c\u758f\u901a\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u7372\u5f97\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6e9d\u901a\uff08\u4ee5\u4fe1\u865f\u50b3\u9054\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6e1b\u5c11\u5718\u9ad4\u6210\u54e1\u9593\u7684\u5167\u8017\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u52a0\u5f37\u5718\u9ad4\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u201d\u3002\u79ae\uff08\u5373\u5100\u5f0f\u4e4b\u5f15\u7533\uff09\u7763\u4fc3\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6210\u70ba\u201c\u793e\u6703\u6d3b\u52d5\u4e2d\u81ea\u6211\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u201d\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u4e92\u52d5\u4e4b\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u79ae\u88ab\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u901a\u904e\u7d04\u5b9a\u6027\u8868\u73fe\u884c\u70ba\u4f86\u4e92\u901a\u4e0d\u8a00\u800c\u55bb\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<sup><a href=\"#35\">35<\/a><\/sup>\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684\u793e\u6703\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u79ae\u65e2\u975e\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u53e4\u7269\uff0c\u4ea6\u975e\u4e2d\u570b\u6c11\u65cf\u5c08\u6709\u3002\u8d6b\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u82ac\u683c\u840a\u7279\uff08Herbert Fingarette\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5176\u5916\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a \u5b58\u5728\u8457\u6587\u5316\u985e\u578b\u4e4b\u9593\u53ca\u4ee3\u969b\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u6d3b\u7d93\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e92\u52d5\u884c\u70ba\u90fd\u6709\u79ae\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u627f\u8afe\u3001\u627f\u64d4\u7fa9\u52d9\u3001\u8acb\u6c42\u3001\u8b9a\u7f8e\u3001\u8a02\u7acb\u5951\u7d04\u7b49\u3002 Rothenbuhler\u628a\u79ae\u7576\u4f5c\u4e00\u7a2e\u6e9d\u901a\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e26\u5ba3\u7a31\u79ae\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u793e\u6703\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6216\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<sup><a href=\"#36\">36<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\u79ae\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u5728\u4eba\u6210\u9577\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u8457\u975e\u5e38\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5b30\u5152\u65e9\u671f\u5b78\u7fd2\u53ca\u5176\u5f8c\u7684\u5b78\u7fd2\u80fd\u529b\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u68ee\uff08Eric Erikson\uff09\u6240\u8b02\u5b30\u5152\u8207\u80b2\u5b30\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u201c\u554f\u5019\u548c\u7167\u6599\u7684\u5e38\u79ae\u201d\u4e2d\u6240\u767c\u751f\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6e9d\u901a\u3002\u7dad\u514b\u591a\u00b7\u7279\u7d0d\uff08Victor Turner\uff09\u548c\u57c3\u723e\u6587\u00b7\u6208\u592b\u66fc\uff08Erving Goffman\uff09\u5206\u6790\u904e\u7576\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u4e92\u52d5\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8af8\u591a\u79ae\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002<sup><a href=\"#37\">37<\/a><\/sup>\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u8005\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u63a5\u53d7\u79ae\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u53ca\u7576\u4ee3\u7d93\u9a57\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8cbc\u5207\u3002\u5b89\u6771\u5c3c\u00b7\u5409\u767b\u65af\uff08Anthony Giddens\uff09\u5c07\u6b64\u770b\u4f5c\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5c0d\u7b26\u865f\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u8f03\u5ee3\u5927\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206;\u800c\u6b64\u8208\u8da3\u5247\u6df1\u690d\u65bc\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5c0d\u610f\u7fa9\u554f\u984c\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002<sup><a href=\"#38\">38<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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href=\"#39\">39<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5957\u69cb\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u5168\u7fcc\u7b26\u865f\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u79ae\u5100\uff0c\u5b8c\u6574\u4f75\u6392\u9664\u5176\u4ed6\uff0c\u5c07\u860a\u542b\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u4e00\u7121\u4e8c\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u5be6\u73fe\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6301\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5c01\u9589\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u4f86\u4fbf\u5bb9\u4e0d\u4e0b\u5275\u9020\u6027\u548c\u500b\u6027\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<sup><a href=\"#40\">40<\/a><\/sup>\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u8a72\u5c31\u6b64\u8349\u8349\u65b7\u5b9a\u9019\u7a2e\u79ae\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bb9\u5fcd\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6975\u6b0a\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u5371\u96aa\u7121\u7591\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u500b\u9ad4\u6216\u7d44\u7e54\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7b26\u865f\u7d50\u69cb\u5f37\u52a0\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6216\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u5f8c\u8005\u73fe\u5be6\u89c0\u548c\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u7684\u4f5c\u5f37\u6b0a\u6027\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5f37\u52a0\u704c\u8f38\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u6d17\u8166\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5c0d\u8c61\u201c\u81ea\u9858\u5730\uff0c\uff0c\u670d\u5f9e\uff0c\u537b\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u6700\u9670\u96aa\u7684\u7834\u58de\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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href=\"#45\">45<\/a><\/sup>\u8207\u821e\u8e48\u985e\u4f3c\uff0c\u79ae\u4e5f\u80fd\u5920\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u61c9\u7576\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u958b\u653e\u7684\u3001\u6709\u6240\u7522\u51fa\u7684\u7b26\u865f\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u80fd\u5305\u5bb9\u4e5f\u80fd\u5275\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u5118\u7ba1\u4fdd\u5b88\u6027\u89e3\u8b80\u4ecd\u7136\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b\u5176\u5be6\u627f\u8a8d\u79ae\u5177\u6709\u5275\u65b0\u6f5b\u80fd\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u62d2\u7d55\u79ae\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff08\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b9. 3\uff09\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u7a31\u81ea\u5df1\u201c\u5f9e\u5468\u79ae\u201d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5468\u79ae\u4e0d\u50c5\u7e7c\u627f\u66f4\u767c\u63da\u4e86\u590f\u5546\u524d\u5169\u4ee3\u7684\u79ae\uff08\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b3. 14\uff09\u3002\u5c0d\u5b54\u5b50\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6559\u5e2b\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u50b3\u905e\u50f5\u5316\u7684\u904e\u53bb\u7d66\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u80fd\u5920\u4f7f\u904e\u53bb\u5f97\u5230\u65b0\u751f\uff08\u201c\u6eab\u6545\uff0c\u2019\uff09\u4ee5\u81f3\u80fd\u5920\u9ad4\u73fe\u65bc\u7576\u524d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff08\u201c\u77e5\u65b0\u201d\uff09\u3002\uff08\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b2. 11\uff09\u5b54\u5b50\u201c\u8ff0\u800c\u4e0d\u4f5c\u201d\u8aaa\u660e\u4ed6\u5f88\u8b19\u865b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5426\u8a8d\u5275\u65b0\u3002\u5728\u300a\u79ae\u8a18\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u2018\u602a\u8ce2\u4e4b\u9053\u201d\u8207\u201c\u4f5c\u201d\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc:\u201c\u4f5c\u8005\u4e4b\u8b02\u8056\uff0c\u8ff0\u8005\u4e4b\u8b02\u660e\u3002\u660e\u8056\u8005\uff0c\u8ff0\u4f5c\u4e4b\u8b02\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<sup><a href=\"#46\">46<\/a><\/sup>\u65e2\u7136\u5b54\u5b50\u4e00\u518d\u5426\u8a8d\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u8056\u4eba\uff0c\u96e3\u602a\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u201c\u4f5c\u201d\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u5fc5\u8981\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u5275\u65b0\u80fd\u529b\u62b1\u60b2\u89c0\u6216\u8005\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e3b\u7fa9\u614b\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u85dd\u8853\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u79ae\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7279\u500b\u6027\u7684\u5275\u9020\u6027\u6295\u5c04\u548c\u4e00\u7a2e\u6096\u8ad6\u5f0f\u5730\u80fd\u7834\u9664\u500b\u9ad4\u9650\u5236\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u6295\u6ce8\u3002\u9019\u4fbf\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u5e38\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u8d85\u8d8a\u201d\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\u610f\u8b58\u72c0\u614b\u3002 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Hershock\uff09\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5373\u8208\u5275\u4f5c\u7684\u97f3\u6a02\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u96d9\u56db\u91cd\u594f\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u7235\u58eb\u6a02\u201d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5728\u5275\u4f5c\u97f3\u6a02\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5728\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u88ab\u97f3\u6a02\u6240\u91cd\u9444\u548c\u5851\u9020\u3002\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u85e9\u7c6c\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6ed1\u9032\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u767d\u71be\u7684\u5408\u6d41\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u97f3\u6a02\u7684\u5373\u8208\u5275\u4f5c\u4e4b\u7cbe\u9ad3\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u518d\u9810\u5f85\u6216\u8ddf\u96a8\u97f3\u6a02\u5925\u4f34\u5011\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u89e3\u653e\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u5168\u7136\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4e5f\u7d55\u5c0d\u4e0d\u7f3a\u5c11\u4efb\u4f55\u6771\u897f\u3002<sup><a href=\"#48\">48<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u5728\u79ae\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5316\u7def\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u8cea\u91cf\u5f97\u5230\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u60c5\u611f\u96a8\u4e4b\u8b8a\u5f97\u7d30\u7dfb\uff0c\u77e5\u89ba\u548c\u5224\u65b7\u4e5f\u8b8a\u5f97\u654f\u92b3\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5354\u5408\u4e86\u500b\u4eba\u53ca\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u5728\u5713\u6eff\u7684\u79ae\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4e2d\u6240\u9054\u6210\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u5176\u5f71\u97ff\u9060\u8d85\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u884c\u70ba\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u5f7c\u6b64\u9593\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u672a\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u9054\u5230\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u5e73\u8861\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u6bd4\u8f03\u56f0\u96e3\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u4e4b\u524d\u5df2\u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u80fd\u5920\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5e73\u8861\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u79ae\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u4e26\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u4ed6\u5011\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u52dd\u65bc\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u7b26\u865f\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u6478\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5112\u5bb6\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u6700\u9ad8\u5883\u754c\u7684\u81ea\u7531<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u6b64\u9593\u6240\u8a0e\u8ad6\u79ae\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u8207\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u76f8\u5e73\u8861\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u81ea\u7531?\u70ba\u4e86\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u6211\u96c6\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u500b\u4eba\u4fee\u8eab\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u500b\u4eba\u4fee\u8eab\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u5be6\u73fe\u500b\u4eba\u53ca\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u3002\u5728\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b\u88e1\u6709\u5b54\u5b50\u5c0d\u6b64\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u5b50\u66f0:\u201c\u543e\u5341\u6709\u4e94\u800c\u5fd7\u65bc\u5b78\uff0c\u4e09\u5341\u800c\u7acb\uff0c\u56db\u5341\u800c\u4e0d\u60d1\uff0c\u4e94\u5341\u800c\u77e5\u5929\u547d\uff0c\u516d\u5341\u800c\u8033\u9806\uff0c\u4e03\u5341\u800c\u5f9e\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\uff0c\u4e0d\u8e30\u77e9\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b2. 4\uff09<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u4fee\u8eab\u59cb\u65bc\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u201dsetting one\u2019s heart-and-mind\uff08\u5fc3\u6b62\u65bc\u67d0\u67d0\uff09\u201d\u7ffb\u8b6f\u201c\u5fd7\u201d\uff1b\u201c\u5fd7\u201d\u4e5f\u53ef\u8b6f\u6210\u201cwill\uff08\u610f\u5fd7\uff09\u201d\u6216\u201cpurpose\uff08\u76ee\u7684\uff09\u201d\u3002<sup><a href=\"#49\">49<\/a><\/sup>\u8207\u666e\u904d\u7684\u8aa4\u89e3\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u6559\u80b2\u88e1\u201c\u5b78\u201d\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u6b7b\u8a18\u786c\u80cc\u3002 \u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b\u5f37\u8abf\u8981\u5c07\u5b78\u548c\u601d\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u3002 \uff08\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b2. 15\uff09\u5b78\u751f\u61c9\u7576\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u8001\u5e2b\u6240\u6559\u7684\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u8981\u6c42\u4ed6\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u201c\u8209\u4e00\u9685\u201d\u80fd\u201c\u4ee5\u4e09\u9685\u53cd\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b7.8\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u78ba\u5b9a\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u9685\u662f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5176\u4ed6\u4e09\u9685\u7684\u3002\u91dd\u5c0d\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u63d0\u554f\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8001\u5e2b\u81ea\u5df1\u5f9e\u672a\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u3002\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e0d\u662f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5275\u9020\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8907\u548c\u6a21\u4eff\u3002\u9019\u89e3\u8b80\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u904e\u5ea6\u8a6e\u91cb\u4e4b\u5acc\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u5b54\u5b50\u6559\u8207\u5b78\u53ef\u4f5c\u555f\u767c\u6027\u7684\u6bd4\u55bb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u6240\u8b02\u201c\u7acb\u201d\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u9762\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u5728\u8f03\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u3001\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u767c\u73fe\u6216\u5275\u9020\u9069\u65bc\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8981\u505a\u5230\u6b64\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u901a\u904e\u79ae\u6240\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u5275\u9020\u6027\u8207\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u7d04\u675f\u6027\u4f86\u70ba\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u884c\u70ba\u8ce6\u4e88\u500b\u4eba\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<sup><a href=\"#50\">50<\/a><\/sup>\u6709\u611f\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u8f03\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u7bc4\u570d\u88e1\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u66f4\u6709\u878d\u8cab\u6027;\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u80fd\u66f4\u660e\u767d\u6240\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u201c\u4e0d\u60d1\u201d\u5730\u7e7c\u7e8c\u524d\u9032\u3002 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style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u500b\u4eba\u4fee\u8eab\u8207\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u6210\u9577\u5728\u5171\u540c\u6e9d\u901a\u53ca\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u4e2d\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u9ad8\u5883\u754c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b54\u5b50\u201c\u516d\u5341\u800c\u8033\u9806\u201d\u3002 \u300a\u8aaa\u6587\u89e3\u5b57\u300b\u628a\u201c\u671b\uff0c\u2019\uff08\u8056\uff09\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u201c\u901a\u201d\uff0c<sup><a href=\"#51\">51<\/a><\/sup>\u8207\u8a00\u807d\uff08\u6e9d\u901a\uff09\u4e4b\u6700\u9ad8\u5883\u754c\u6709\u95dc\u3002 \u201c\u8033\u201d\u4f7f\u201c\u594e\u201d\u8207\u201c\u807d\uff0c\u2019\uff08\u5fb7\uff09\u548c\u201c\u8070\u201d\u76f8\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u201c\u8070\u201d\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u7a2e\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u654f\u92b3\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u666e\u901a\u8a71\u88e1\u7684\u201c\u8070\u660e\u201d\u3002\u8070\u660e\uff0c\u5584\u65bc\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8207\u74b0\u5883\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8457\u8033\u805e\u66f4\u654f\u92b3\uff08\u201c\u8070\u201d\uff09\u76ee\u7779\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\uff08\u201c\u660e\u201d\uff09\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6700\u9ad8\u5883\u754c\u662f\u9054\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u76ee\u6a19\u4e5f\u66f4\u80fd\u201c\u9806\u201d\u74b0\u5883\u3002\u76ee\u6a19\u6240\u4ee5\u201c\u9806\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u904e\u76f8\u4e92\u7684\u800c\u975e\u55ae\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8abf\u6574\u3002\u8056\u4eba\u4e4b\u9806\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u4f7f\u4e16\u754c\u9806\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u4f7f\u81ea\u8eab\u9806\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u5b54\u5b50\u201c\u4e03\u5341\u800c\u5f9e\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\uff0c\u4e0d\u8e30\u77e9\u201d\u3002\u9019\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u5883\u754c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6b78\u5bbf\u3002\u5b83\u6bd4\u201c\u5fd7\u65bc\u5b78\u201d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u66f4\u5ee3\u7bc4\uff0c\u66f4\u512a\u8d8a\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u201c\u5f9e\u5fc3\u6240\u617e\u4e0d\u8e30\u77e9\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u5c0d\u6280\u80fd\u7684\u638c\u63e1\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u898f\u5247\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u81f3\u6dea\u70ba\u614b\u610f;\u5b83\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u90a3\u7a2e\u5c07\u5916\u52a0\u898f\u5247\u5fb9\u5e95\u5167\u5728\u5316\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u6a5f\u68b0\u670d\u5f9e\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u611b\u4e0a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u67b7\u9396\u2014\u4e00\u500b\u5167\u5728\u5316\u5f37\u5236\u5916\u5728\u675f\u7e1b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u901a\u904e\u5236\u7d04\u800c\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u5167\u5728\u5316\u7684\u6210\u679c\u662f\u50f5\u5316\u6b7b\u677f\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u78ba\u5b9a\u539f\u5148\u5236\u7d04\u689d\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u5224\u65b7\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u9069\u5b9c\u7684\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u4e0d\u9069\u5b9c\u7684\uff0c\u56de\u61c9\u5c31\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u5883\u754c\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u53ef\u59cb\u65bc\u61c9\u7528\u6e96\u5247\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6e96\u5247\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u53e6\u4e00\u5957\u6e96\u5247\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u9677\u4eba\u4e86\u7121\u7aae\u5f8c\u9000\u7576\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u9069\u7576\u5730\u61c9\u7528\u898f\u5247\u662f\u4e00\u9580\u85dd\u8853\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u4f9d\u9760\u7d93\u9a57\u624d\u80fd\u638c\u63e1\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u4e03\u5341\u4e0d\u8e30\u77e9\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6210\u529f\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u4fee\u8eab\u8207\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u6210\u9577\u78ba\u4fdd\u617e\u671b\u90fd\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u4ed6\u5c0d\u201c\u77e9\u201d\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u90fd\u52dd\u65bc\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u8056\u4eba\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u5f15\u5c0e\u66f4\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ed6\u544a\u8a34\u4eba\u5011\u201c\u77e9\u201d\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u78ba\u5b9a\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f37\u8feb\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u53bb\u9075\u5faa\u67d0\u7a2e\u9053\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u5f37\u8feb\u4ed6\u201c\u77e5\u4e4b\u201d\u3002 \uff08\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b8. 9\u201c\u6c11\u53ef\u4f7f\u7531\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f7f\u77e5\u4e4b\u3002\u201d\uff09\u8981\u77e5\u201c\u9053\u201d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u901a\u904e\u5b78\u8207\u601d\u628a\u5b83\u5011\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u7d93\u9a57\u76f8\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u96a8\u6a5f\u61c9\u8b8a\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u548c\u5224\u65b7\u3002 \u201c\u70ba\u4ec1\u7531\u5df1\uff0c\u800c\u7531\u4eba\u4e4e\u54c9?\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b12. 1\uff09\u9019\u4e5f\u96e3\u602a\u5f35\u6771\u84c0\u7b49\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u201c\u81ea\u5f97\u201d\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u8207\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u201d\u6700\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<sup><a href=\"#52\">52<\/a><\/sup>\u6b63\u5982\u5b5f\u5b50\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u5176\u904e\u7a0b:\u201c\u541b\u5b50\u6df1\u9020\u4e4b\u4ee5\u9053\uff0c\u6b32\u5176\u81ea\u5f97\u4e4b\u4e5f\u3002\u81ea\u5f97\u4e4b\uff0c\u5247\u5c45\u4e4b\u5b89;\u5c45\u4e4b\u5b89\uff0c\u5247\u8cc7\u4e4b\u6df1;\u8cc7\u4e4b\u6df1\uff0c\u5247\u53d6\u4e4b\u5de6\u53f3\u9022\u5176\u539f\u3002\u201d<sup><a href=\"#53\">53<\/a><\/sup>\u9053\u5728\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6b77\u4e45\u5f4c\u65b0\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5f9e\u4eba\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u4e2d\u4f86\uff0c\u96a8\u4eba\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u6d41\u901a\u3002\u901a\u904e\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u990a\uff0c\u9053\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u9ad4\u9a57\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u4fee\u8eab\u8981\u6210\u529f\u96d6\u7136\u4e0d\u80fd\u9589\u9580\u9020\u8eca\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6e9d\u901a\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u8a66\u5716\u201c\u5f37\u4f7f\u4e4b\u81ea\u7531\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u901a\u904e\u5f37\u8feb\u53ca\u5f37\u884c\u704c\u8f38\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7b26\u865f\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u800c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5c07\u9069\u5f97\u5176\u53cd\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u63f4\u5f15\u5b5f\u5b50\u7684\u5b8b\u4eba\u201c\u6709\u9594\u5176\u82d7\u4e4b\u4e0d\u9577\u800c\u5830\u4e4b\u8005\u201d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4f86\u9ede\u660e\u3002<sup><a href=\"#54\">54<\/a><\/sup>\u5b8b\u4eba\u63e0\u82d7\uff0c\u4ee5\u70ba\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u5728\u201c\u52a9\u82d7\u9577\u77e3\u201d\uff0c\u6b8a\u4e0d\u77e5\u7d93\u4ed6\u9019\u4e00\u6298\u9a30\uff0c\u79be\u82d7\u90fd\u6b7b\u4e86\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5e72\u9810\u78ba\u5be6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u690d\u7269\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u751f\u9577\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e7e\u65f1\u6642\u7d66\u5b83\u6f86\u6c34\uff0c\u6c34\u6f87\u6642\u6316\u6e9d\u5c0e\u6c34\uff0c\u65bd\u80a5\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u4f46\u63e0\u82d7\u59cb\u7d42\u4e0d\u662f\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u690d\u7269\u751f\u9577\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u591a\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u4fee\u8eab\u2014\u5982\u7279\u610f\u6559\u5c0e\u3001\u6f5b\u79fb\u9ed8\u5316\u5730\u6a39\u7acb\u699c\u6a23\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u7a2e\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u548c\u793e\u6703\u689d\u4ef6\u3001\u8cea\u7591\u6211\u5011\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3001\u6279\u8a55\u6211\u5011\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u7b49\u7b49\u2014\u4f46\u5f37\u8feb\u548c\u5f37\u884c\u704c\u8f38\u4e0d\u5728\u6b64\u5217\u3002\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5b78\u8207\u601d\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u6539\u9032\u611f\u53d7\u529b\u548c\u5224\u65b7\u529b\uff0c\u624d\u4f7f\u5f97\u500b\u4eba\u5f97\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u5be6\u73fe\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4f7f\u5176\u6210\u70ba\u6709\u6548\u5730\u9075\u5f9e\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u7576\u6709\u6559\u990a\uff0c\u8655\u65bc\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u4ee5\u6700\u9ad8\u5883\u754c\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u79ae\u9032\u884c\u5171\u540c\u6e9d\u901a\u53ca\u53c3\u8207\u5171\u540c\u5617\u8a66\u6642\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u5112\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"1\">1. From Cannibalism to Empowerment: An Analects-Inspired Attempt to Balance and Liberty, Philosophy East and West; Jan 2004: 54, 1. \u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u8f09\u65bc\u65b9\u65ed\u6771\u4e3b\u7de8\uff0c\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u5112\u5bb6\u50b3\u7d71\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u83ef\u6771\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2010\uff0c\u7b2c196\u4e00213\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"2\">2. Jonathan Barnes,\u300a\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u5168\u96c6\u300b\uff08 The Complete Works of Aristotle\uff09\u00a0 \uff08 Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984\uff09\uff0c1310a\u7b2c28\u4e0035\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"3\">3. Michael Sandel,\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u9650\u5236\u300b\uff08Liberalism and the Limits of Justice\uff09\u00a0 \uff08New York: Cambridge University Press,\u00a0 1982 \uff09 \uff1b Sandel,\u300a\u6c11\u4e3b\u8207\u5176\u4e0d\u6eff\u300b\uff08 Democracy and Its Discontents \uff09\uff08Cambridge: Harvard University Press,1996\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c3\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"4\">4. \u5eb7\u5fb7\uff0c\u300a\u4ee5\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u70ba\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u901a\u53f2\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u300b\uff08 Idea for a Universal History with a Cosmopolitan Purpose\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u8457\u8ff0\u300b\uff08 Political Writings \uff09 , Hans Reiss\u4e3b\u7de8\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff0c\uff08 New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c44\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"5\">5. \u9019\u5834\u722d\u8ad6\uff0c\u53c3\u770bC. F. Delaney\u7de8\uff0c\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u793e\u7fa4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8ad6\u722d\u300b\uff08The Liberalism-Communitarianism Debate\uff09\uff08Lanham\uff1a Rowman and Littlefield, 1994\uff09\uff1b Amy Gutmann,\u300a\u793e\u7fa4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u300b\uff08Communitarian Critics of Liberalism \uff09 ,\u300a\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52d9\u300b\uff08 Philosophy and Public Affairs \uff09 , 14 (1985\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c308\u4e00322\u9801\uff1bMichael Walzer, \uff08\uff08\u793e\u7fa4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u300b\uff08Communitarian Critics of Liberalism \uff09\uff0c\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u300b\uff08Political Theory \uff09\uff0c18\uff081990\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c6\u4e0023\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"6\">6. Lucian Pye,\u300a\u570b\u5bb6\u8207\u500b\u4eba\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u6982\u8981\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u300b\uff08 The State and\u00a0 the\u00a0 Individual: An Cwerview Interpretation\uff09 \uff08Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996\uff09\uff1b W. J. F. Jenner,\u300a\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u66b4\u653f\uff1a\u4e2d\u570b\u5371\u6a5f\u7684\u6839\u62b5\u300b\uff08The Tyranny of History: The Roots of China\u2019s Crisis\uff09\uff08Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1992\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"7\">7. \u8cbb\u5b5d\u901a\uff0c\u300a\u9109\u571f\u4e2d\u570b\u300b\uff08From the Soil \uff09 \uff08Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992\uff09 \uff1b\u77bf\u540c\u7956\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8207\u4e2d\u570b\u793e\u6703\u300b\uff08\u4e0a\u6d77\uff0c1947\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"8\">8. Eric Rothenbuhler\uff0c\u300a\u4ee5\u79ae\u4e92\u901a\u5f9e\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u4ea4\u8ac7\u5230\u53d7\u8abf\u7bc0\u7684\u5178\u79ae\u300b\uff08Ritual Communication-From Everyday Conversation to Mediated Ceremony\uff09\uff08London: Sage, 1998\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c27\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"9\">9. Robert Eno\uff0c \u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u5c0d\u5929\u7684\u5275\u9020\uff1a\u54f2\u5b78\u8207\u5c0d\u7cbe\u901a\u79ae\u7684\u8faf\u8b77\u300b \uff08The Confucian Creation of Heaven: Philosophy and The Defense of Ritual Mastery\uff09 \uff08Albany\uff1a State University of New York Press, 1990\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c7\u9801\uff1b\u675c\u7dad\u660e\uff0c\u300a\u4ec1\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6bd4\u55bb\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\uff1a\u4f5c\u70ba\u5275\u9020\u6027\u8f49\u5316\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u300b\uff08Jen as a Metaphor, Confucian Thought: Selfhood as Creative Transformation\uff09 \uff08Albany: State University of New York Press\uff0c1985\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c83\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"10\">10. \u4e00\u7a2e\u8a8d\u70ba\u5112\u5bb6\u610f\u5473\u8457\u9019\u7a2e\u82db\u523b\u7684\u201c\u6574\u9ad4\u8ad6\u201d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u53ef\u53c3\u770bDonald Munro\u300a\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u6574\u9ad4\u8ad6\uff1a\u5112\u5bb6\u53ca\u9053\u5bb6\u50f9\u503c\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08Individualism and Holism\uff1a\u00a0 Studies in Confucian and Taoist Values \uff09\uff08Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1985\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"11\">11. David Hall\u548cRoger Ames,\u300a\u6f22\u54f2\u5b78\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u6587\u5316\u63a2\u6e90\u300b\uff08Thinking from the Han\uff09 \uff08Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c2\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"12\">12. \u675c\u7dad\u660e\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u6027\u8207\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u990a\u300b\uff08Humanity and Self-Cultivation\uff09 \uff08Berkeley: Asian Humanities Press, 1979\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c18\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"13\">13. \u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b12. 1, Roger Ames\u548cHenry Rosemont\u8b6f\uff0c\u300a\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u8a3a\u91cb\u300b\uff08The Analects of Confucius: A Philosophical Translation \uff09 \uff08New York: Ballantine, 1998\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"14\">14. \u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u5112\u5bb6\u8655\u7406\u885d\u7a81\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u8655\uff08Andrew Nathan,\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\uff08Chinese Democracy\uff09[Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986])\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"15\">15. \u00a0\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u6cd5\u5236\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u591a\u904e\u65bc\u6709\u5229\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u662f\u5c0d\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u50f9\u503c\u6a21\u68f1\u5169\u53ef\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u201c\u4ee5\u5b83\u8ca7\u4e4f\u7684\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u611f\u7dad\u6301\u7cbe\u82f1\u4e3b\u7fa9\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u201d Allan Hutchinson\u548cPatrick Monahan,\u300a\u6c11\u4e3b\u548c\u6cd5\u5236\u300b \uff08Democracy and the Rule of Law\uff09\u300a\u6cd5\u5236\uff1a\u7406\u60f3\u6216\u8005\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\u300b\uff08The Rule of Law: Ideal or Ideology\uff09[Toronto\uff1b Carswells, 1987]\uff0c\u7b2c111\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"16\">16. Richard Sennett,\u300a\u516c\u5171\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u58ae\u843d\u300b\uff08The Fall of Public Man\uff09 \uff08New York: Knopf, 1977\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c308\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"17\">17. \u72c4\u767e\u745e\uff08Wm. Theodore de Bary\uff09 ,\u300a\u4e9e\u6d32\u50f9\u503c\u548c\u4eba\u6b0a\u300b\uff08Asian Values and Human Rights \uff09 \uff08Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c30\u4e0032\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"18\">18. Mark Lewis,\u300a\u65e9\u671f\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u6587\u737b\u548c\u6b0a\u5a01\u300b \uff08Writing and Authority in Early China \uff09\u00a0 \uff08 Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c18\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"19\">19. \u9673\u6f22\u751fChad Hansen,\u300a\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u8b8a\u9077\u300b\uff08Fa \uff08Standards: Laws\uff09 and Meaning Changes in Chinese Philosophy\uff09\u300a\u6771\u897f\u54f2\u5b78\u300b\uff08PhilosophyEast and West\uff0944 \uff083\uff09 \uff08July 1994): \u7b2c459\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"20\">20. \u300a\u79ae\u8a18\u300b19.1\/99\/10, D. C. Lau\u548cChen Fong Ching\u8b6f\uff0c\u300a\u79ae\u8a18\u7528\u8a9e\u7d22\u5f15\u300b\uff08A Concordance to the Li Ji\uff09\uff08Hong Kong: Commercial Press, 1992\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"21\">21. \u675c\u7dad\u660e\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u6027\u8207\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u990a\u300b\uff08Humanity and Self-Cultivation \uff09\uff0c\u7b2c25\u9801\uff1b\u9673\u7d20\u82ac\uff0c\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u675c\u5a01\u5f0f\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u300b\uff08Confucian Democracy\uff1a A Deweyan Reconstruction\uff09 \uff08Albany: State University of New York Press, 2004\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"22\">22. \u7d04\u7ff0\u00b7\u675c\u5a01\uff0c\u300a\u5f8c\u671f\u8457\u4f5c1925\u20131953\u300b\uff08 The Later Works 1925\u20131953 \uff09 \uff08Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1991), vol. 2\uff0c\u7b2c328\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"23\">23. \u7d04\u7ff0\u00b7\u675c\u5a01\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u671f\u8457\u4f5c\u300b\uff08The Middle Works 1899\u20131924\uff09 \uff08Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1985)\uff0cvol. 9\uff0c\u7b2c7\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"24\">24. \u675c\u5a01\uff0c\u300a\u5f8c\u671f\u8457\u4f5c\u300b\uff08The Later Works ), 13: 176\uff1b Thomas Alexander,\u300a\u7d04\u7ff0\u00b7\u675c\u5a01\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u6839\u67e2\u300b\uff08John Dewey and the Roots of Democratic Imagination\uff09 ,\u300a\u5c0b\u56de\u5be6\u7528\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u4e00\u4e00\u7d93\u5178\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u7f85\u8482\uff0c\u548c\u901a\u8a0a\u54f2\u5b78\u300b\uff08Recovering Pragmatism\u2019s Voice-The Classical Tradition, Rorty, and the Philosophy of Communication\uff09\uff0cLeonore Langsdorf\u548cAndrew Smith\u7de8\uff08Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c131\u4e00154\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"25\">25. \u5728Saussure\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u7b26\u865f\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8868\u9054\uff08signifier\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\uff09\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u4e00\u500b\uff08signified\uff0c\u88ab\u8868\u9054\u7684\uff09\u610f\u7fa9\u6240\u7d44\u6210\uff08Ferdinand Saussure, Cours de linguistique generale [Paris\uff1a Payot, 1916]\uff09\u3002 Peirce\u5247\u5c07\u7b26\u865f\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u201c\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u6216\u80fd\u529b\u4e0a\u80fd\u5920\u4ee3\u8868\u67d0\u4eba\u6216\u67d0\u4e8b\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u6771\u897f\u201d\uff08Charles S.\u00a0 Peirce,\u300a\u8ad6\u6587\u96c6\u300b \uff08Collected Papers\uff09[Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1931\u4e001958], Vol. 2\uff0c\u7b2c228\u9801\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"26\">26. \u300a\u79ae\u8a18\u300b32. 13\/144\/17\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"27\">27. Bruce Lincoln, \u300a\u8a9e\u5883\u548c\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5efa\u69cb\uff1a\u795e\u8a71\u3001\u79ae\u5100\u3001\u5206\u985e\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08Discourse and the Construction of Society: Comparative Studies of Myth, Ritual and Classification\uff09 \uff08New York: Oxford University Press, 1989\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c53\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"28\">28. Roy Rappaport\uff0c\u300a\u79ae\u5100\uff0c\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u8ad6\u300b\uff08Ritual, Society and Cybernetics\uff09,\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u5bb6\u300b\uff08American Anthropologist\uff09 73\uff081\uff09 \uff081971); Clifford Geertz,\u300a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u300b\uff08The Interpretation of Cultures\uff09 \uff08New York: Basic Books, 1973\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c92\u201493\u9801; Louise Carus Mahdi et al.\uff0c\u300a\u5341\u5b57\u8def\u53e3\uff1a\u63a2\u8a62\u7576\u4ee3\u904e\u6e21\u79ae\u5100\u300b\uff08Crossroads-The Quest for Contemporary Rites of Passage\uff09 \uff08Chicago\uff1b Open Court, 1996); Eva Hunt,\u300a\u5c0d\u7acb\u548c\u5c48\u670d\u7684\u5178\u79ae\uff1a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u4eba\u653f\u6cbb\u4e92\u52d5\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u5c64\u9762\u300b \uff08Ceremonies of Confrontation and Submission: The Symbolic Dimension of Indian-Mexican Political Interaction\uff09 (Assen\uff1b Van Gorcum and Comp, 1977\uff09 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"29\">29. \u300a\u79ae\u8a18\u300b32. 13\/144\/21-22\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"30\">30. Angela Zito,\u300a\u8eab\u9ad4\u548c\u6bdb\u7b46\u2014\u2014\u5728\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u570b\u4f5c\u70ba\u6587\u672c\u548c\u8868\u6f14\u7684\u5927\u796d\u300b\uff08Of Body and Brush-Grand Sacrifice as Text\/Performance in Eighteenth Century China\uff09 \uff08Chicago\uff1a University of Chicago Press, 1997\uff09\uff1b cf. Ron-Guey Chu,\u300a\u660e\u671d\u7684\u79ae\u548c\u4eba\u6b0a\u300b\uff08Rites and Rights in Ming China \uff09 , \u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u548c\u4eba\u6b0a\u300b\uff08Confucianism and Human Rights \uff09\uff0c\u675c\u7dad\u660e\u548c\u72c4\u767e\u745e\u7de8\uff08New York: Columbia University Press, 1998\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c169\u2014178\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"31\">31. \u9ec3\u7d39\u69ae\uff0c\u300a\u79ae\u5100\uff0c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u901a\u8a0a\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d\u904b\u52d5\u4e2d\u6bdb\u6fa4\u6771\u7684\u795e\u683c\u5316\u300b\uff08Ritual, Culture and Communication-Deification of Mao Zedong in China\u2019s Cultural Revolution Movement\uff09,\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u901a\u8a0a\u8207\u6587\u5316\u300b\uff08Politics, Communication and Culture\uff09\uff0cAlberto Gonzalez\u548cDolores Tanno\u7de8\uff08London\uff1a Sage, 1997\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c122\u2014140\u9801\uff1bMartin Whyte,\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u5c0f\u7fa4\u9ad4\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u79ae\u5100\u300b\uff08Small Crroups and Political Rituals in China\uff09 \uff08Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973\uff09\uff1bW. L. Bennett\uff0c\u300a\u795e\u8a71\uff0c\u79ae\u5100\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u63a7\u5236\u300b\uff08Myth, Ritual and Political Control \uff09\uff0c\u300a\u4ea4\u5f80\u5b78\u5831\u300b\uff08Journal of Communication\uff0930\uff084\uff09\uff081980\uff09\uff1a\u7b2c166\u2014179\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"32\">32. Rothenbuhler, \u300a\u4ee5\u79ae\u4e92\u901a\u300b\uff08Ritual Communication\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c129\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"33\">33. Victor Turner\u63d0\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u7684\u79ae\u5100\u90fd\u662f\u79ae\u7684\u63a8\u884c\uff1b\u53c3\u770b\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u5f9e\u79ae\u5230\u5287\u5834\uff1a\u8868\u6f14\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u56b4\u8085\u6027\u300b\uff08From Ritual to\u00a0 Theatre\uff1a\u00a0 The\u00a0 Human\u00a0 Seriousness\u00a0 of\u00a0 Play\uff09 \uff08New York\uff1b\u00a0 Performing Arts\u00a0 Journal Publications, 1982\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c24\u9801\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u53c3\u770bDavid Parkin\uff0c\u300a\u4f5c\u70ba\u7a7a\u9593\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u8eab\u9ad4\u5340\u5206\u7684\u79ae\u300b\uff08Ritual as Spatial Direction and Bodily Division\uff09 ,\u300a\u7406\u89e3\u79ae\u300b\uff08Understanding Rituals\uff09 , Daniel de Coppet\u7de8 \uff08London\uff1b Routledge, 1992\uff09\u3002\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u548c\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u88e1\u904e\u6e21\u79ae\u554f\u984c\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\uff0c\u53ef\u53c3\u770bMahdi et al.\uff0cCrossroads\uff1b Arnold van Gennep,\u300a\u904e\u6e21\u79ae\u300b\uff08Rites of Passage\uff09 \uff08Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960\uff09\uff1b Barbara\u00a0 Myerhoff,\u300a\u904e\u6e21\u79ae\uff1a\u904e\u7a0b\u8207\u6096\u8ad6\u300b\uff08Rites of\u00a0 Passage: Process and Paradox\uff09 \uff08Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1982\uff09 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"34\">34. \u8340\u5b50\u6709\u95dc\u670d\u55aa\u79ae\u548c\u72a7\u7272\u79ae\uff0c\u53c3\u770bA. S. Cua,\u300a\u79ae\u7684\u5c64\u9762\uff1a\u8ad6\u8340\u5b50\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u4e4b\u4e00\u9762\u300b\uff08Dimensions of Li \uff08Propriety\uff09\uff1a Reflections on an Aspect of Hsun Txu\u2019s Ethics\uff09,\u300a\u6771\u897f\u54f2\u5b78\u300b\uff08Philosophy East and West\uff09 29 \uff084\uff09 \uff08October 1979\uff09\uff1a\u7b2c387\u2014388\u9801\u3002\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6839\u64da\u5112\u5bb6\u5b5d\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u800c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u53c3\u770b\u675c\u7dad\u660e\uff0c\u300a\u6b77\u53f2\u8996\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u300b\uff08Confucianism in an Historical Perspective\uff09 \uff08Singapore: Institute of East Asian Philosophy, 1989\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c41\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"35\">35. Julian Huxley,\u300a\u52d5\u7269\u8207\u4eba\u7684\u79ae\u5100\u5316\u7c21\u4ecb\u300b\uff08Introduction to a Discussion on Ritualization in Animals and Man\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u502b\u6566\u7687\u5bb6\u5b78\u6703\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u5831\u300b\uff08Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London\uff09 , B\u7cfb\u5217\uff0c\u300a\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u5b78\u300b\uff08 Biological Sciences \uff09 251 \uff08 772 \uff09\u00a0 \uff081966 \uff09\uff1a\u7b2c258\u9801\uff1bErving Goffman\uff0c\u300a\u4e92\u52d5\u79ae\u5100\u300b\uff08Interaction Ritual \uff09 \uff08Chicago: Aldine Publishing, 1967\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c44, 54\u9801\uff1bRappaport,\u300a\u79ae\u5100\uff0c\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u8ad6\u300b\uff08Ritual, Society and\u00a0 Cybernetics\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c63\u9801\uff1bEdmund Leach\uff0c\u300a\u7dec\u7538\u9ad8\u5730\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7d71\u300b\uff08PoliticalSystems of Highland Burma\uff09\uff08Boston: Beacon Press,1954\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c236\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"36\">36. Herbert Fingarette,\u300a\u5b54\u5b50\uff1a\u5373\u51e1\u800c\u8056\u300b\uff08Confucius-The Secular as Sacred\uff09 \uff08New York: Harper and Row, 1972\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c9-14\u9801\uff1bRothenbuhler,\u300a\u4ee5\u79ae\u4e92\u901a\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"37\">37. Eric Erikson\uff0c\u300a\u79ae\u5100\u5316\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u300b\uff08The Development of Ritualization\uff09 \uff08Boston: Beacon Press, 1968), 713\uff1b Goffman,\u300a\u4e92\u52d5\u79ae\u5100\u300b\uff08Interaction Ritual\uff09\uff1b\u00a0 Victor Turner,\u300a\u79ae\u5100\u7a0b\u5e8f\u300b\uff08The Ritual Process\uff09\uff08Chicago: Aldine, 1969\uff09\uff1b\u548cTurner, Dramas,\u300a\u9818\u57df\u8207\u96b1\u55bb\uff1a\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u884c\u70ba\u300b\uff08Fields and Metaphors:  Symbolic Action in Human Society\uff09 \uff08Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1974\uff09 \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"38\">38. Anthony Giddens,\u300a\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u65b0\u6cd5\u5247\u300b\uff08NewRules of Sociological Method\uff09 \uff08New York: Basic Books, 1976\uff09.\u4e0d\u540c\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u7684\u6709\u95dc\u8ad6\u6587\u5982\uff1a\u300a\u4f5c\u70ba\u793e\u6703\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u8a08\u5283\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u548c\u79ae\u300b\uff08Art and Ritual as Method of Social Control and Planning \uff09 ,\u300a\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u300b\uff08Ethics\uff09\uff1b\u300a\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u4f5c\u70ba\u7b56\u7565\u6027\u79ae\uff1aNewsmen\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u6027\u89c0\u9ede\u7ba1\u7aba\u300b\uff08Objectivityas Strategic Ritual\uff1a An Examination of Newsmen\u2019s Notion of Objectivity\uff09,\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u300b\uff08American Journal of Sociology\uff09\uff1b\u300a\u4f5c\u70ba\u57ce\u5e02\u9069\u61c9\u6a5f\u5236\u7684\u79ae\u300b\uff08Ritual as a Mechanism for Urban Adaptation \uff09 ,\u300a\u4eba\u300b\uff08Man\uff09 \uff1b\u300a\u8ad6\u984c\u6027\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u79ae\u8207\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7d44\u7e54\u300b\uff08Topical Talk , Ritual and Social Organization of Relationships\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u793e\u6703\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5b63\u520a\u300b\uff08Social Psychology Quarterly\uff09\uff1b\u300a\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u79ae\u300b\uff08Ritual in Family Living\uff09,\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u56de\u9867\u300b\uff08American Sociological Review\uff09\uff1b\u300a\u5b69\u5b50\u8207\u79ae\u8c8c\uff1a\u5100\u5f0f\u7684\u4e0d\u6b63\u5e38\u548c\u79ae\u5100\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7372\u5f97\u300b\uff08Children and Civility: Ceremonial Deviance and Acquisition of Ritual Competence\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u793e\u6703\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5b63\u520a\u300b\uff08Social Psychology Quarterly\uff09\uff1b\u300a\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5316\u79ae\u5100\uff1a\u5728\u5e7c\u5152\u5712\u8a9e\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u751f\u65e5\u805a\u6703\u300b\uff08TheLanguage and Ritual of Socialization\uff1a Birthday Parties in a Kindergarten Context \uff09 ,\u300a\u4eba\u300b\uff08Man\uff09\u3002\u985e\u4f3c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u53c3\u770bJoseph Gusfield\u548cJerzy Michalowicz,\u300a\u4e16\u4fd7\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1a\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u79ae\u3001\u5178\u79ae\u548c\u8c61\u5fb5\u6027\u79e9\u5e8f\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08Secular Symbolism\uff1a Studies o f Ritual , Ceremony, and the Symbolic Order in Modern Life \uff09 ,\u300a\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5e74\u9451\u300b\uff08Annual Sociology Review\uff09 10 \uff081984\uff09\uff1a\u7b2c417\u2014435\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"39\">39. Herbert Fingarette,\u300a\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u81ea\u767c\uff0c\u79ae\u2014\u2014\u5c0d\u845b\u745e\u6f22\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e8b\u5be6\u8207\u50f9\u503c\u554f\u984c\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5f0f\u6279\u8a55\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u6587\u6587\u672c\u8207\u54f2\u5b78\u6027\u6587\u737b\u7814\u7a76\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff08Reason, Spontaneity, and the Li-A Confucian Critique of Graham\u2019s Solution to the Problem of Fact and Value, Chinese Texts and Philosophical Contexts-Essays\uff09\uff0c\u737b\u7d66\uff0cA.\u00a0 C. Graham, Henry Rosemont, Jr.\u7de8\uff08Chicago: Open Court, 1991\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c218\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"40\">40. Eno,\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u5c0d\u5929\u7684\u5275\u9020\u300b\uff08The Confucian Creation of Heaven\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c64\u201475\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"41\">41. Charles William Morris,\u300a\u7b26\u865f\uff0c\u8a9e\u8a00\u8207\u884c\u70ba\u300b\uff08Signs, Language and Behavior\uff09 \uff08New York: Prentice-Hall, 1946\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c208\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"42\">42. Charles William Morris,\u300a\u7b26\u865f\uff0c\u8a9e\u8a00\u8207\u884c\u70ba\u300b\uff08Signs, Language and Behavior\uff09 \uff08New York: Prentice-Hall, 1946\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c244\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"43\">43. Eno,\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u5c0d\u5929\u7684\u5275\u9020\u300b\uff08The Confucian Creation of Heaven\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c34, 56\u9801\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u9019\u7a2e\u79ae\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u300a\u5de6\u50b3\u300b\u88e1\u9762\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u662d\u516c\u5341\u516d\u5e74\uff0c\u694a\u4f2f\u5cfb\uff0c\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u5de6\u6c0f\u50b3\u300b\uff08Annotated Zuo Commentaries on the Spring and Autumn Annals\uff09 \uff08Beijing: Zhonghua, 1990\uff09\uff0cvol. 4\uff0c\u7b2c1380\u20141381\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"44\">44. Judith Hanna,\u300a\u821e\u8e48\u662f\u5c6c\u4eba\u7684\u2014\u4e00\u7a2e\u975e\u8a9e\u8a00\u6e9d\u901a\u7406\u8ad6\u300b\uff08To Dance is Human-A Theory of Nonverbal Communication\uff09 \uff08Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c5\u9801\u3002 Hanna\u5b9a\u7fa9\u821e\u8e48\u201c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u6709\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\uff082\uff09\u6545\u610f\u7684\u7bc0\u594f\uff0c\uff083\uff09\u6587\u5316\u6a21\u5f0f\u9806\u5e8f\uff0c\uff084a\uff09\u8eab\u9ad4\u52d5\u4f5c\uff0c\uff084b\uff09\u4e0d\u5e73\u5e38\u7684\u80a2\u9ad4\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\uff084c\uff09\u5177\u6709\u5167\u5728\u85dd\u8853\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"45\">45. Judith Hanna,\u300a\u821e\u8e48\u662f\u5c6c\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u4e00\u4e00\u7a2e\u975e\u8a9e\u8a00\u6e9d\u901a\u7406\u8ad6\u300b\uff08To Dance is Human-A Theory of Nonverbal Communication\uff09 \uff08Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c5\u9801\u3002 Hanna\u5b9a\u7fa9\u821e\u8e48\u201c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u6709\u76ee\u7684\uff0c(2\uff09\u6545\u610f\u7684\u7bc0\u594f\uff0c\uff083\uff09\u6587\u5316\u6a21\u5f0f\u9806\u5e8f\uff0c\uff084a\uff09\u8eab\u9ad4\u52d5\u4f5c\uff0c\uff0846\uff09\u4e0d\u5e73\u5e38\u7684\u80a2\u9ad4\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\uff084c\uff09\u5177\u6709\u5167\u5728\u85dd\u8853\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u201d\uff0c\u7b2c34\u201435\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"46\">46. \u300a\u79ae\u8a18\u300b19. 3\/99\/21\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u6709\u95dc\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u6709\u95dc\u8056\u4eba\u548c\u5275\u9020\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u53c3\u770bDavid Hall\u548cRoger Ames\uff0c\u300a\u901a\u904e\u5b54\u5b50\u601d\u8003\u300b\uff08Thinking Through Confucius\uff09 \uff08Albany: State University of New York Press,1987\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c259\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"47\">47. Hanna,\u300a\u821e\u8e48\u662f\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u300b\uff08To Dance is Human\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c133\u9801\uff1bEno,\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u5c0d\u5929\u7684\u5275\u9020\u300b\uff08The Confucian Creation of Heaven\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c179\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"48\">48. Peter Hershock,\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u89aa\u5bc6\u300b\uff08Liberating Intimacy\uff09 \uff08Albany: State University of New York Press 1996\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c76\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"49\">49. \u5c07\u201c\u5fd7\u201d\u7576\u4f5c\u4e00\u7a2e\u80fd\u529b\uff08faculty\uff09\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5c0d\u7b49\u65bc\u201cchoosing\u201d\uff08\u9078\u64c7\uff09\u548c\u201cwilling\u201d\uff08\u81ea\u9858\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u548c\u9019\u4e9b\u897f\u65b9\u8853\u8a9e\u6240\u8868\u9054\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u6709\u6240\u4ea4\u8fed\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"50\">50. \u00a0\u201c\u7acb\u201d\u8207\u79ae\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b8. 8, 16. 13, 20. 3\u3002\u7167\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u79ae\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4e2d\u7acb\u8eab\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5fb7\u884c\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"51\">51. \u8a31\u614e\uff0c\u300a\u8aaa\u6587\u89e3\u5b57\u6ce8\u300b\uff08\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u85dd\u6587\uff0c1966\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c598\u9801\uff0c12A\uff1a 17a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"52\">52. \u5f35\u6771\u84c0\uff0c\u300a\u7406\u6027\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\uff08Rational Nature and Democracy\uff09 \uff08Taipei: Dtagon Gate, 1946\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c118\u9801\uff1b Wm. Theodore de Bary,\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u50b3\u7d71\u300b\uff08The Liberal Tradition in China\uff09 \uff08Hong Kong: Chinese University Press,\u00a0 1983 \uff09\uff1b\u548cde Bary,\u300a\u70ba\u5df1\u4e4b\u5b78\u300b\uff08 Learning for Oneself \uff09 \uff08 New York: Columbia University Press, 1991\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u6700\u65b0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u81ea\u6cbb\u8207\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\u9673\u7956\u70ba\uff08Joseph Chan\uff09 ,\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u5112\u5bb6\u300b\uff08Moral Autonomy, Civil Liberties, and Confucianism\uff09,\u300a\u6771\u897f\u54f2\u5b78\u300b\uff08Philosophy East and West \uff09\uff0c52 \uff083\uff09 \uff08April 2002\uff09\uff1a\u7b2c281\u2014310\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"53\">53. \u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u300b4B14\uff1b\u7de8\u8b6f\u81ea\u5289\u6bbf\u7235\u6240\u7ffb\u8b6f\u7684\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u300b\uff08Mencius\uff09 \uff08London: Penguin Books, 1970\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c130\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"54\">54. \u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u300b2A2\uff1b\u5289\u6bbf\u7235\u8b6f\u7684\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u300b\uff08Mencius\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c78\u9801\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>   \u2026\u2026\u6bcf\u9801\u4e0a\u90fd\u5beb\u8457\u201c\u4ec1\u7fa9\u9053\u5fb7\u201d\u5e7e\u500b\u5b57\u2026\u2026\uff08\u6211\uff09\u624d\u5f9e\u5b57\u7e2b\u88e1\u770b\u51fa\u5b57\u4f86\uff0c\u6eff\u672c\u90fd\u5beb\u8457\u5169\u500b\u5b57\u662f\u201c\u5403\u4eba\u201d!<br \/>\n                                                  \u2014\u2014\u9b6f\u8fc5<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[217,229,207,196,230],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4503"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4503"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4503\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4521,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4503\/revisions\/4521"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4503"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4503"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4503"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}