{"id":4768,"date":"2023-03-13T19:56:03","date_gmt":"2023-03-13T19:56:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/?p=4768"},"modified":"2023-03-20T02:34:55","modified_gmt":"2023-03-20T02:34:55","slug":"%e5%84%92%e5%ae%b6%e9%a2%86%e8%a2%96%e4%b8%8e%e5%84%92%e5%ae%b6%e6%b0%91%e4%b8%bb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/blog\/2023\/03\/13\/%e5%84%92%e5%ae%b6%e9%a2%86%e8%a2%96%e4%b8%8e%e5%84%92%e5%ae%b6%e6%b0%91%e4%b8%bb\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5112\u5bb6\u9818\u8896\u8207\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"has-text-align-center\" style=\"margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><a href=\"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/%e5%ae%89%e9%9d%96%e5%a6%82-stephen-c-angle\/\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"3712\">\u5b89\u9756\u5982<\/a>\uff08\u7530\u65ed\u8b6f\uff09<br>\u7dad\u601d\u5927\u5b78<br>\u4f5c\u8005\u6388\u6b0a\u65bc\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u7db2<sup><a href=\"#1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"http:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Angle-\u5112\u5bb6\u9886\u8896\u4e0e\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b-formatted.docx.pdf\" style=\"padding-top:15px;padding-right:15px;padding-bottom:15px;padding-left:15px\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u4e0b\u8f09PDF\u7248\u672c<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\"\/>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p><em>\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u70ba\u653f\u4ee5\u5fb7\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u5317\u8fb0\uff0c\u5c45\u5176\u6240\u800c\u773e\u661f\u5171\u4e4b\u3002<\/em><sup><a href=\"#2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\"><strong>1. \u5f15\u8a00<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u95dc\u65bc\u5112\u5bb6\u9818\u8896\u555f\u767c\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u8fd1\u4e4e\u65bc\u9b54\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u8457\u540d\u5f62\u50cf\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6982\u5ff5\u5357\u8f45\u5317\u8f4d\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u73fe\u4ee3\u5112\u8005\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u8ddd\u96e2\u984d\u624b\u76f8\u6176\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u9ad4\u61c9\u5be6\u884c\u7cbe\u82f1\u7d71\u6cbb\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4eba\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u4ee5\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u5c0a\u5d07\u9019\u4e9b\u7d71\u6cbb\u7cbe\u82f1\u3002<sup><a href=\"#3\">3<\/a><\/sup>\u76f8\u8f03\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u73fe\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u8f49\u8b8a\u5230\u61b2\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5c0d\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u8896\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u9032\u884c\u53cd\u601d\u3002\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u73fe\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u5fc5\u9808\u64ef\u68c4\u50b3\u7d71\u5112\u5bb6\u8996\u91ce\u4e0b\u7684\u9818\u8896\u89c0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u5112\u5b78\u7684\u65b0\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e9b\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u898b\u89e3\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u610f\u6db5\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u6d1e\u898b\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u5167\u6db5\u4f9d\u820a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5c07\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u6c11\u4e3b\u8996\u91ce\u4e2d\u7684\u9818\u8896\u6982\u5ff5\u9032\u884c\u8a73\u8ff0\u4e26\u8faf\u8b77\u3002\u6211\u5c07\u5206\u56db\u6b65\u9032\u884c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u9673\u7956\u70ba\uff08Joseph Chan\uff09\u548c\u9673\u6c38\u653f\uff08Elton Chan\uff09\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u5927\u81f4\u52fe\u756b\u4e86\u50b3\u7d71\u5112\u5bb6\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e2d\u555f\u9aee\u578b\u9818\u8896\u7684\u8f2a\u5ed3\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u89e3\u6790\u4e26\u6279\u8a55\u4e86\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u5c0d\u65bc\u57fa\u65bc\u201c\u8a8d\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u9818\u5c0e\u89c0\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u8ad6\u65b7\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u6211\u7528\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u8ad6\u8b49\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u901a\u904e\u64c1\u62b1\u4eba\u672c\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c11\u672c\u5a01\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u50b3\u7d71\u5112\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u5f35\u529b\u3002\u5728\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u660e\u78ba\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u8896\u4f86\u626e\u6f14\u90a3\u4e9b\u672c\u8457\u50b3\u7d71\u5112\u5bb6\u9818\u8896\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u555f\u9aee\u578b\u9818\u8896<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u9673\u7956\u70ba\u548c\u9673\u6c38\u653f\u5728\u65b0\u8457\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u8896\uff08Confucianism and political leadership\uff09\u300b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u65bc\u50b3\u7d71\u5112\u5bb6\u9818\u8896\u89c0\u5ff5\u7c21\u660e\u800c\u53c8\u5bec\u5bb9\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u9818\u8896\u89c0\u5ff5\u5177\u6709\u56db\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u7279\u5fb5\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u5b83\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u8207\u88ab\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7d10\u5e36\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u5b83\u57fa\u65bc\u9818\u8896\u5728\u4f55\u4ee5\u6210\u4eba\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8d85\u51e1\u5353\u7fa4\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u9818\u8896\u662f\u555f\u767c\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u65bc\u5176\u502b\u7406\u6b0a\u5a01\u4ee5\u699c\u6a23\u800c\u975e\u5f37\u5236\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8ce6\u4e88\u5176\u9818\u8896\u8cc7\u683c\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u8896\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u6211\u5c07\u6703\u9010\u4e00\u5be9\u8996\u9019\u4e9b\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u4e26\u8003\u5bdf\u8a72\u9818\u8896\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u7de3\u7531\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u57fa\u5728\u5169\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\uff08\u6307\u9673\u7956\u70ba\u548c\u9673\u6c38\u653f\uff0c\u5f8c\u540c\uff09\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u8896\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u6b0a\u5a01\u4e26\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u4f86\u6e90\u65bc\u5176\u80fd\u5920\u63d0\u5347\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u798f\u7949\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9084\u5728\u65bc\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u5fc3\u7518\u60c5\u9858\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u9818\u5c0e\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u4e26\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u61c9\u5728\u8868\u9762\u548c\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u662f\u6b63\u7576\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u9084\u61c9\u5167\u5728\u5730\u901a\u904e\u4e00\u7a2e\u57fa\u65bc\u4e92\u76f8\u627f\u8afe\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u69cb\u5efa\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u96d9\u65b9\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u627f\u8afe\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u627f\u64d4\u95dc\u61f7\u6c11\u773e\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u6c11\u5c0d\u5176\u5fc3\u7518\u60c5\u9858\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u201d\uff08Chan &amp; Chan, 2014: 58\uff09\u3002 \u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u00b7\u984f\u6df5\u7bc7\u300b\u4e4b\u4e03<sup><a href=\"#7\">4<\/a><\/sup>\u6216\u8a31\u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u6700\u597d\u8a6e\u91cb\uff1a\u5b54\u5b50\u8aaa\uff0c\u98df\u7269\u548c\u6b66\u5668\u5747\u662f\u5584\u653f\u7684\u95dc\u9375\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u4fe1\u8cf4\u624d\u662f\u6700\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u7121\u4fe1\u4e0d\u7acb\u3002\u5169\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u9084\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u8ad6\u8a9e\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4f86\u978f\u56fa\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u6a02\u610f\u8ffd\u96a8\u597d\u7684\u9818\u8896\u201d\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u5c0d\u9818\u8896\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u56db\u7bc0\u4e2d\u6211\u5c07\u6703\u8cea\u7591\u8a72\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u6c11\u662f\u5426\u662f\u201c\u5fc3\u7518\u60c5\u9858\u63a5\u53d7\u201d\u9019\u4e00\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u63a5\u8457\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8ad6\u8ff0\u9032\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u5982\u5169\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u6070\u7576\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u9818\u8896\u4e26\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5929\u8ce6\u624d\u80fd\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u5049\u5927\u7684\u9818\u8896\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u70ba\u4eba\u7684\u6700\u70ba\u5e73\u51e1\u7684\u9762\u5411\u4e0a\u5747\u8868\u73fe\u5f97\u76f8\u7576\u51fa\u8272\uff08Chan &amp; Chan, 2014: 61\uff09\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u5f88\u9577\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u7d20\u8cea\u6e05\u55ae\uff08\u5982\u5177\u6709\u5bec\u5bb9\u3001\u4ec1\u6148\u3001\u5f37\u58ef\uff0c\u52e4\u52c9\u7b49\u7279\u8cea\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u7d20\u8cea\u8a55\u50f9\u70ba\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>&nbsp;\u201c\u65e5\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\uff0c\u4e14\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u7684\u7d20\u8cea\u3002\u9818\u8896\u548c\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u5728\u65bc\u524d\u8005\u5805\u6301\u5be6\u8e10\u9019\u4e9b\u7f8e\u5fb7\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\uff1b\u800c\u9818\u8896\u548c\u6709\u5fb7\u884c\u7684\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\u50c5\u50c5\u5728\u65bc\u524d\u8005\u5c65\u884c\u516c\u8077\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u201d\uff08Chan &amp; Chan, 2014: 62\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u7e3d\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff08\u5b98\u6c11\uff09\u96d9\u5411\u627f\u8afe\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u9818\u8896\u8207\u6c11\u773e\u9593\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u7576\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u69cb\u5efa\u5728\u81ea\u9858\u63a5\u53d7\u4ee5\u53ca\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u4eba\u502b\u7d20\u8cea\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u9818\u8896\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u767c\u4eba\u6df1\u7701\u548c\u52f5\u5fd7\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u6703\u8d0a\u540c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9818\u8896\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u9084\u6703\u5c07\u4ed6\u7576\u505a\u6a21\u7bc4\u548c\u699c\u6a23\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u8ad6\u8a9e\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u8a31\u591a\u63cf\u8ff0\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u9673\u8ff0\uff0c\u5982\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u00b7\u5b50\u8def\u7bc7\u300b\u4e2d\u8aaa\u5230\uff0c\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u5176\u8eab\u6b63\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ee4\u800c\u884c\uff1b\u5176\u8eab\u4e0d\u6b63\uff0c\u96d6\u4ee4\u4e0d\u5f9e\u3002\u201d\u5169\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u5c07\u8a72\u6a5f\u5236\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u201c\u7576\u4eba\u6c11\u8ffd\u96a8\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9818\u8896\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u50c5\u5f9e\u9818\u8896\u8655\u63a5\u53d7\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u9084\u9075\u5f9e\u9818\u8896\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u9019\u9ebc\u505a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5728\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9818\u8896\u6bd4\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u8eab\u66f4\u6709\u5fb7\u884c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9818\u8896\u6240\u884c\u4f7f\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u88fd\u5ea6\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u9084\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\uff08Chan &amp; Chan, 2014: 63\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u8a72\u6a5f\u5236\u5728\u65bc\u555f\u767c\u6c11\u773e\u81ea\u9858\u5730\u53bb\u70ba\u66f4\u70ba\u5ee3\u95ca\u7684\u5584\u800c\u884c\u52d5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u5112\u5bb6\u5f37\u8abf\u9818\u8896\u555f\u767c\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u5c64\u542b\u7fa9\u5728\u65bc\u5c0d\u65bc\u88fd\u5ea6\u7684\u61f7\u7591\u3002\u901a\u904e\u5c0d\u5112\u5bb6\u767c\u5c55\u53f2\u4e0a\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5169\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u5112\u5bb6\u5c0d\u88fd\u5ea6\u7684\u61f7\u7591\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u5169\u500b\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u50f5\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u7121\u6cd5\u4f9d\u64da\u5177\u9ad4\u60c5\u5883\u9032\u884c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8abf\u6574\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u9818\u8896\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\u505a\u51fa\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u6c7a\u65b7\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u5236\u5ea6\u5728\u88fd\u7d04\u4e0d\u592a\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u6642\uff0c\u5176\u4f5c\u7528\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u9650\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u64d4\u6182\u6216\u8a31\u69cb\u5efa\u65bc\u5112\u5bb6\u5ee3\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u975e\u8a1f\u50b3\u7d71\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5169\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u5f9e\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7d00\u5112\u5bb6\u9867\u708e\u6b66\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u8a73\u76e1\u4e14\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff1a\u201c\u7576\u5236\u5ea6\u8f03\u70ba\u7d1b\u7e41\u8907\u96dc\u6642\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5978\u4f5e\u800c\u72e1\u733e\u7684\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u5920\uff0c\u5982\u5e02\u5834\u4e0a\u7684\u5546\u4eba\u4e00\u822c\u64cd\u63a7\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u6b64\u6642\u5373\u4fbf\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u5fb7\u884c\u4e4b\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u4f86\u88fd\u6b62\u6216\u7cfe\u504f\u9019\u4e00\u60c5\u6cc1\u201d\uff08Chan &amp; Chan, 2014: 60\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u5728\u5169\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u5c0d\u88fd\u5ea6\u7684\u5169\u500b\u64d4\u6182\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5165\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u7dad\u5ea6\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u88fd\u5ea6\uff08\u5982\u5211\u6cd5\u5178\uff09\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u505a\u5230\u53bb\u6fc0\u52f5\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u6bcb\u5be7\u8aaa\u9032\u800c\u53bb\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4eba\u5011\u81ea\u5f8b\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u53bb\u56de\u61c9\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u555f\u767c\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u5be9\u8996\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u00b7\u70ba\u653f\u7bc7\u300b\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\u5ee3\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u90a3\u6211\u5011\u99ac\u4e0a\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e26\u975e\u6211\u6240\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u9019\u822c\u7c21\u55ae\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u9053\u4e4b\u4ee5\u653f\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u9053\u4e4b\u4ee5\u653f\uff0c\u9f4a\u4e4b\u4ee5\u5211\uff0c\u6c11\u514d\u800c\u7121\u6065\uff1b\u9053\u4e4b\u4ee5\u5fb7\uff0c\u9f4a\u4e4b\u4ee5\u79ae\uff0c\u6709\u6065\u4e14\u683c\u3002 \u201d\uff0c\u9f4a\u4e4b\u4ee5\u5211\uff0c\u6c11\u514d\u800c\u7121\u6065\uff1b\u9053\u4e4b\u4ee5\u5fb7\uff0c\u9f4a\u4e4b\u4ee5\u79ae\uff0c\u6709\u6065\u4e14\u683c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u9053\u4e4b\u4ee5\u5fb7\u512a\u65bc\u9053\u4e4b\u4ee5\u653f\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\u662f\u8207\u6211\u5011\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5230\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u6587\u672c\u6240\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u201c\u9f4a\u4e4b\u4ee5\u79ae\u201d\u3002\u79ae\u6307\u4ee3\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5f9e\u570b\u5bb6\u6176\u5178\u5230\u751f\u6d3b\u79ae\u5100\uff08\u5982\u846c\u79ae\uff09\u518d\u5230\u65e5\u5e38\u793e\u6703\u5be6\u8e10\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u4e26\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u555f\u767c\u6027\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u529b\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u9084\u9700\u8981\u85c9\u52a9\u79ae\u4f86\u898f\u8a13\u6211\u5011\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u540c\u6642\u9084\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u79ae\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6539\u8b8a\u500b\u4eba\u6027\u60c5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u78ba\u5be6\uff0c\u5169\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u8ad6\u8b49\u5112\u5bb6\u5f37\u8abf\u9818\u5c0e\u529b\u52dd\u904e\u5236\u5ea6\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\u4e0a\u4e26\u7121\u904e\u932f\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u9084\u61c9\u8a72\u91cd\u8996\u90a3\u4e9b\u5112\u5bb6\u6240\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u7528\u4f86\u57f9\u990a\u548c\u9078\u62d4\u8ce2\u5fb7\u9818\u8896\u7684\u88fd\u5ea6\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u79ae\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u7531\u5177\u5099\u51fa\u773e\u7f8e\u5fb7\u548c\u6d1e\u898b\u7684\u8056\u8ce2\u6240\u8457\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u6b63\u7d71\u6587\u672c\u53ef\u4f5c\u70ba\u6b21\u8981\u985e\u578b\u7684\u88fd\u5ea6\u3002\u719f\u7df4\u638c\u63e1\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u3001\u5c07\u5176\u50f9\u503c\u5167\u5316\u65bc\u81ea\u8eab\u3001\u4e26\u8f49\u578b\u8207\u6607\u83ef\u81ea\u8eab\u9019\u4e00\u904e\u7a0b\u662f\u6210\u5fb7\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u6587\u672c\u7684\u8003\u8a66\u4f86\u9078\u62d4\u8f03\u8ce2\u5fb7\u7684\u7e7c\u4efb\u9818\u8896\u5c31\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002\u7e3d\u4e4b\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u5f9e\u672a\u8a8d\u70ba\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u904b\u8f49\u53ef\u55ae\u7368\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u555f\u9aee\u578b\u7684\u9818\u8896\uff1b\u512a\u79c0\u9818\u5c0e\u529b\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u80cc\u666f\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u652f\u6490\u548c\u63a8\u9032\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\u5c07\u6703\u662f\u6211\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e2d\u9818\u8896\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8981\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u901a\u904e\u53cd\u601d\u50b3\u7d71\u5112\u5bb6\u9818\u5c0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f86\u7c21\u8981\u5730\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u5c0f\u7bc0\u9032\u884c\u7e3d\u7d50\u3002 \uff081\uff09\u5118\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u201c\u81ea\u9858\u63a5\u53d7\u201d\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u6982\u5ff5\u76ee\u524d\u70ba\u6b62\u4f3c\u4e4e\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002 \uff082\uff09\u5118\u7ba1\u5169\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u201c\u6c11-\u4eba\u201d\u5f35\u529b\u7684\u8f15\u63cf\u6de1\u5beb\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u9818\u8896\u5177\u6709\u51fa\u773e\u7684\u5e73\u51e1\u7d20\u8cea\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u5ff5\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u662f\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u5ff5\u6697\u6307\u516c\u6c11\u5177\u6709\u6210\u70ba\u9818\u8896\u7684\u6f5b\u8cea\u3002 \uff083\uff09\u5118\u7ba1\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u6703\u7c21\u8981\u5730\u5206\u6790\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u5c0d\u65bc\u7531\u9818\u8896\u6240\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u5b98\u6c11\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u53cd\u5c0d\uff0c\u555f\u9aee\u578b\u9818\u8896\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4ecd\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002 \uff084\uff09\u5c31\u7b97\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u5c0d\u88fd\u5ea6\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u6211\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u6bb5\u8fd1\u672b\u5c3e\u8655\u6240\u5efa\u8b70\u7684\u90a3\u822c\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u5c0d\u88fd\u5ea6\u7684\u6575\u5c0d\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u67d0\u4e9b\u73fe\u5be6\u5236\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u88fd\u5ea6\uff08\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff09\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u537b\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. \u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\uff08\u8eab\u4efd\u8fa8\u8b58\uff09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u82e5\u57fa\u65bc\u4e0a\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u5206\u6790\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u5112\u5bb6\u9818\u5c0e\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c07\u5176\u5438\u7d0d\u9032\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u6cbb\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u963b\u7919\u76f8\u5c0d\u800c\u8a00\u8f03\u4f4e\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u50b3\u7d71\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u975e\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u6c11\u4e3b\u8207\u5112\u5bb6\u61f7\u62b1\u4e92\u70ba\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e8c\u8005\u9593\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u76f8\u5bb9\u6027\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8457\u53bb\u69cb\u5efa\u4e00\u500b\u7d50\u5408\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002<sup><a href=\"#5\">5<\/a><\/sup>\u4e00\u5982\u6211\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u5c07\u6703\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7406\u7531\u53bb\u5805\u4fe1\u5112\u5bb6\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u76f8\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6c11\u4e3b\u9084\u662f\u5be6\u73fe\u5112\u5bb6\u6df1\u9060\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u5fc5\u9700\u54c1\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5be9\u8996\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u5617\u8a66\u5f9e\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\uff08Ci Jiwei\uff09\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u6539\u9769\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4e2d\u570b\uff08Moral China in the Age of Reform\uff09\u300b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89c0\u9ede\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u8ad6\u64da\u3002\u5f14\u8a6d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u8a8d\u70ba\u5112\u5bb6\u5728\u6df1\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\u7684\u975e\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\u537b\u80fd\u5920\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5112\u5bb6\u5fc5\u9808\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u6f14\u9032\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u300a\u6539\u9769\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4e2d\u570b\u300b\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u5ee3\u535a\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u672c\u7bc0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u50c5\u50c5\u9078\u53d6\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u5373\u5176\u5728\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u8207\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\uff08Freedom and Identification\uff09\u201d\u9019\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4f86\u5c55\u958b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7528\u4f86\u5f71\u97ff\u5468\u8eab\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u81ea\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5176\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u67d0\u4e9b\u50f9\u503c\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u5c6c\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u9019\u4e9b\u50f9\u503c\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u67d0\u4e9b\u793e\u6703\u548c\u7269\u8cea\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u5ba2\u89c0\u5b89\u6392\uff082014: 93\uff09\u3002\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u5c07\u9019\u4e9b\u7a69\u5065\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u6a21\u5f0f\u8996\u4f5c\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u6587\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u4e26\u95dc\u6ce8\u65bc\u5c0d\u6bd4\u5169\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f34\u96a8\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6587\u5316\uff1a\u4e00\u9762\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u6191\u85c9\u81ea\u7531\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u548c\u6191\u85c9\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u3002\u9451\u65bc\u672c\u6587\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u5c07\u96c6\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5f8c\u8005\u3002\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u5728\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u9019\u6a23\u5beb\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u88ab\u8ce6\u4e88\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u6839\u6e90\uff0c\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u7372\u53d6\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u4e00\u4e9b\u88ab\u666e\u7f85\u5927\u773e\u6240\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u6216\u8005\u699c\u6a23\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u904e\u9019\u500b\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5927\u773e\u624d\u80fd\u64da\u6b64\u548c\u5584\u6216\u6b63\u7576\u8655\u65bc\u4e00\u7a2e\u5408\u9069\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u7372\u53d6\u5b8c\u5099\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u4f86\u6309\u7167\u5584\u548c\u6b63\u7576\u7684\u76f8\u61c9\u8981\u6c42\u884c\u52d5\uff08Ci, 2014: 94\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u5f37\u8abf\u201c\u500b\u9ad4\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u5145\u5206\u81ea\u9858\u6642\u624d\u53ef\u9032\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\uff1a\u500b\u9ad4\u5fc5\u9808\uff08\u4e3b\u89c0\u4e0a\u5730\uff09\u60f3\u8981\u53bb\u9032\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u500b\u9ad4\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u81ea\u6211\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u800c\u88ab\u9810\u8a2d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u88ab\u5c0a\u5d07\u201d\uff08Ci, 2014: 95\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u201c\u699c\u6a23\u500b\u9ad4\u64da\u7a31\u5728\u4ed6\u6240\u4f5c\u70ba\u699c\u6a23\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\uff0c\u8207\u4ed6\u4eba\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u666e\u7f85\u5927\u773e\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u904e\u9019\u4e00\u6a21\u5f0f\u2026\u624d\u80fd\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u50b3\u7d71\u548c\u793e\u7fa4\u2026\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u51fa\u65bc\u540c\u6a23\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4ee5\u5c0d\u699c\u6a23\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f86\u88ab\u78ba\u7acb\u70ba\u6a21\u677f\u201d\uff08Ci, 2014: 98\uff09\u3002<sup><a href=\"#6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\u8207\u9673\u7956\u70ba\u7b49\u7684\u201c\u555f\u9aee\u578b\u9818\u8896\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u5747\u6bd4\u8f03\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u6839\u64da\u201c\u555f\u9aee\u578b\u9818\u8896\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9818\u8896\u901a\u904e\u555f\u767c\u6c11\u773e\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u9858\u5730\u6839\u64da\u66f4\u5ee3\u95ca\u7684\u5171\u5584\u800c\u884c\u52d5\u3002\u5728\u5169\u985e\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c11\u773e\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u52d5\u529b\u5747\u5728\u65bc\u81ea\u9858\u800c\u975e\u53d7\u8feb\u3002\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5728\u65bc\u4eba\u6c11\u6240\u552f\u4e00\u80fd\u5be6\u73fe\u5584\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u5728\u65bc\u901a\u904e\u8a8d\u540c\u5176\u9818\u8896\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff08\u6216\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u88ab\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u9818\u8896\u7684\u555f\u767c\uff09\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u5be6\u73fe\u5584\u7684\u9818\u8896\u548c\u50c5\u80fd\u6709\u9650\u5730\u89f8\u53ca\u5584\u7684\u6c11\u773e\u4e4b\u9593\u5c31\u8655\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u7b49\u7d1a\u5340\u5206\u3002\u6c11\u773e\uff0c\u5373\u88ab\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e26\u7121\u6cd5\u5c0d\u4f55\u8005\u70ba\u5584\u9032\u884c\u81ea\u7531\u9078\u64c7\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u9078\u9805\u5728\u65bc\u662f\u5426\u8207\u5176\u9818\u8896\u5728\u8a8d\u540c\u4e0a\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6b64\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u8e10\u884c\u95dc\u65bc\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u5584\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u5224\u65b7\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9019\u662f\u5c0d\u5112\u5bb6\u9053\u5fb7\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u898b\u9019\u4e00\u50f9\u503c\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u7cfb\u7d71\u5c07\u6c38\u9060\u5730\u628a\u6c11\u4e3b\u6392\u65a5\u5728\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u4e0a\uff0c\u64c1\u8b77\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5169\u500b\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ad6\u8b49\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u5c0d\u65bc\u7531\u5112\u5bb6\u9053\u5fb7\u6587\u5316\u958b\u555f\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u3002\u9019\u662f\u6211\u671f\u5f85\u9673\u7956\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u8def\u5f91\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9023\u8cab\u6027\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5f37\u8abf\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u5e73\u51e1\u6027\uff09\u6697\u793a\u8457\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u5426\u8a8d\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u548c\u4eba\u6c11\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u7b49\u7d1a\u5dee\u5225\u3002\u800c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u6240\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6839\u57fa\u3002\u78ba\u5be6\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u6b63\u7d71\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u95dc\u65bc\u4eba\u7686\u53ef\u70ba\u582f\u821c\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002\u6211\u5c07\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u9032\u884c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u8a0e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e26\u975e\u662f\u5c0d\u5112\u5b78\u7684\u65b7\u7ae0\u53d6\u7fa9\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u7d93\u5178\u6b63\u7d71\uff0c\u6bcb\u5be7\u63d0\u5e1d\u5236\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u5305\u542b\u58d3\u5236\u5927\u773e\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u8ff0\u8207\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u9817\u70ba\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u70ba\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u5728\u65bc\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u00b7\u6cf0\u4f2f\u7bc7\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u6c11\u53ef\u4f7f\u7531\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4f7f\u77e5\u4e4b\u3002\u201d\u9019\u500b\u8ad6\u65b7\u8207\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u6240\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u8a8d\u540c\u6216\u8ffd\u96a8\u67d0\u4e00\u7a2e\u5584\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u6191\u85c9\u81ea\u8eab\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u5584\u201d\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u9817\u70ba\u76f8\u7b26\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u6c11\u60c5\u72c0\u7684\u66f4\u70ba\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u842c\u7ae0\u4e0a\u300b\uff0c\u5c0d\u8a72\u6587\u672c\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u540c\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u6587\u672c\u503c\u5f97\u9032\u884c\u6574\u6bb5\u5f15\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u842c\u7ae0\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u582f\u4ee5\u5929\u4e0b\u8207\u821c\uff0c\u6709\u8af8\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b5f\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u5426\u3002\u5929\u5b50\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee5\u5929\u4e0b\u8207\u4eba\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c\u7136\u5247\u821c\u6709\u5929\u4e0b\u4e5f\uff0c\u5b70\u8207\u4e4b\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u5929\u8207\u4e4b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201c\u5929\u8207\u4e4b\u8005\uff0c\u8ac4\u8ac4\u7136\u547d\u4e4b\u4e4e\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u5426\u3002\u5929\u4e0d\u8a00\uff0c\u4ee5\u884c\u8207\u4e8b\u793a\u4e4b\u800c\u5df2\u77e3\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u4ee5\u884c\u8207\u4e8b\u793a\u4e4b\u8005\uff0c\u5982\u4e4b\u4f55\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u5929\u5b50\u80fd\u85a6\u4eba\u65bc\u5929\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u5929\u8207\u4e4b\u5929\u4e0b\uff0c\u8af8\u4faf\u80fd\u85a6\u4eba\u65bc\u5929\u5b50\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u5929\u5b50\u8207\u4e4b\u8af8\u4faf\uff1b\u2026\u2026\u6614\u8005\u582f\u85a6\u821c\u65bc\u5929\u800c\u5929\u53d7\u4e4b\uff0c\u66b4\u4e4b\u65bc\u6c11\u800c\u6c11\u53d7\u4e4b\u3002\u6545\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u5929\u4e0d\u8a00\uff0c\u4ee5\u884c\u8207\u4e8b\u793a\u4e4b\u800c\u5df2\u77e3\u3002\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u6562\u554f\uff1a\u2018\u85a6\u4e4b\u65bc\u5929\u800c\u5929\u53d7\u4e4b\uff0c\u66b4\u4e4b\u65bc\u6c11\u800c\u6c11\u53d7\u4e4b\uff0c\u2019\u5982\u4f55\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4e3b\u796d\u800c\u767e\u795e\u4eab\u4e4b\uff0c\u662f\u5929\u53d7\u4e4b\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4e3b\u4e8b\u800c\u4e8b\u6cbb\uff0c\u767e\u59d3\u5b89\u4e4b\uff0c\u662f\u6c11\u53d7\u4e4b\u4e5f\u3002\u5929\u8207\u4e4b\uff0c\u4eba\u8207\u4e4b\u2026\u2026\u6cf0\u8a93\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u5929\u8996\u81ea\u6211\u6c11\u8996\uff0c\u5929\u807d\u81ea\u6211\u6c11\u807d\u3002\u2019\u6b64\u4e4b\u8b02\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u9019\u4e00\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5169\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u8b49\u660e\u5929\u5c0d\u65bc\u53d7\u8209\u85a6\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u9019\u4e00\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7e5e\u904e\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u901a\u904e\u5360\u535c\uff0c\u4f86\u77e5\u66c9\u5929\u547d\u3002\u59a5\u5584\u5730\u5c0d\u5f85\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5728\u6700\u521d\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u5c07\u6b0a\u5a01\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5c0d\u4eba\u6c11\u6975\u70ba\u6b98\u66b4\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u5c0d\u6587\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u89e3\u91cb\uff09\u6703\u56e0\u6b64\u5931\u53bb\u5176\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u53ca\u6b0a\u5a01\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u5929\u610f\u9032\u884c\u9810\u6e2c\u65e2\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u9808\u3002\u5982\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u4e0b\u300b\u6240\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u9f4a\u5ba3\u738b\u554f\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u6e6f\u653e\u6840\uff0c\u6b66\u738b\u4f10\u7d02\uff0c\u6709\u8af8\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b5f\u5b50\u5c0d\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u65bc\u50b3\u6709\u4e4b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u81e3\u5f12\u5176\u541b\uff0c\u53ef\u4e4e\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u8cca\u4ec1\u8005\u8b02\u4e4b\u8cca\uff0c\u8cca\u7fa9\u8005\u8b02\u4e4b\u6b98\uff0c\u6b98\u8cca\u4e4b\u4eba\u8b02\u4e4b\u4e00\u592b\u3002\u805e\u8a85\u4e00\u592b\u7d02\u77e3\uff0c\u672a\u805e\u5f12\u541b\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u7531\u65bc\u66b4\u8650\u5730\u5c0d\u5f85\u5176\u5b50\u6c11\uff0c\u9031\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4eab\u6709\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u70ba\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u5929\u547d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\u6216\u8655\u6c7a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u901a\u904e\u5c07\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6027\u89d2\u8272\u7d0d\u5165\u9032\u5176\u6b0a\u5a01\u9ad4\u7cfb\uff0c\u5b5f\u5b50\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u8a34\u6c42\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6703\u88ab\u5f8c\u4e16\u5f8c\u4ee3\u7684\u9818\u8896\u8a8d\u771f\u5c0d\u5f85\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6240\u5728\u3002\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u798f\u7949\u7684\u6eff\u8db3\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u597d\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u9084\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u901a\u9053\u3002 \uff08\u9700\u8981\u8a8d\u6e05\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5be6\u8e10\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\u4eba\u6c11\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u627f\u8afe\u5f80\u5f80\u672a\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u843d\u5be6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u7406\u60f3\u537b\u662f\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u3002\uff09\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u540c\u6a23\u4e0d\u61c9\u904e\u65bc\u8a87\u5927\u3002\u95dc\u9375\u5728\u65bc\uff08\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6b21\u8981\u76ee\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u9818\u8896\u9078\u64c7\u653f\u7b56\u4e26\u4ed8\u8af8\u5be6\u8e10\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u6c11\u50c5\u50c5\u5c0d\u5176\u4f5c\u51fa\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u6b64\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u8207\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u5c0d\u65bc\u6191\u85c9\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u7121\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u5730\u770b\u5230\u6216\u53bb\u9078\u64c7\u5584\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u9700\u8981\u901a\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u9818\u8896\u4f86\u884c\u52d5\uff1a\u8981\u4e48\u5f97\u7576\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5931\u7576\u5730\u5c0d\u5584\u89c0\u5ff5\u9032\u884c\u7504\u5225\u8207\u61c9\u5c0d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u4e0d\u662f\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u6240\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5176\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u5b5f\u5b50\u65e2\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5957\u4eba\u6c11\u4e3b\u6b0a\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5957\u5927\u773e\u6b0a\u5229\u7406\u8ad6\uff08\u8207\u5c0d\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u4e0b\u300b\u7b2c\u516b\u7bc7\u7684\u5e38\u898b\u89e3\u8b80\u76f8\u53cd\uff09\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6b0a\u5229\u53bb\u63a8\u7ffb\u66b4\u541b\u3002\u5b5f\u5b50\u8aaa\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u898b\u4eba\u6c11\u6703\u62b5\u5236\u58de\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4eba\u6c11\u4e5f\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u56e0\u66b4\u529b\u5730\u722d\u53d6\u751f\u6d3b\u5fc5\u9700\u54c1\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u8655\u7f70\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u537b\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8b19\u8b19\u541b\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u666e\u7f85\u5927\u773e\uff0c\u624d\u5177\u6709 \u201c\u6046\u5fc3\u201d\u3002\u6046\u5fc3\u80fd\u5920\u4f7f\u5176\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u7aae\u56f0\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u52d5\u6416\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4fe1\u689d\u3002\u5b5f\u5b50\u63a5\u8457\u8aaa\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u82e5\u6c11\uff0c\u5247\u7121\u6046\u7522\uff0c\u56e0\u7121\u6046\u5fc3\u3002\u82df\u7121\u6046\u5fc3\uff0c\u653e\u8f9f\u90aa\u4f88\uff0c\u7121\u4e0d\u70ba\u5df2\u3002\u53ca\u9677\u65bc\u7f6a\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5f9e\u800c\u5211\u4e4b\uff0c\u662f\u7f54\u6c11\u4e5f\u3002\u201d<sup><a href=\"#7\">7<\/a><\/sup>\u660e\u541b\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u4ee5\u7f54\u6c11\u70ba\u69ae\u3002\u5b5f\u5b50\u7e7c\u7e8c\u89e3\u91cb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u7109\u6709\u4ec1\u4eba\u5728\u4f4d\uff0c\u7f54\u6c11\u800c\u53ef\u70ba\u4e5f\uff01\u201d\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u53db\u4e82\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6b63\u7fa9\u7684\u53cd\u6297\u3002\u5728\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u4e0b\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u7bc7\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b5f\u5b50\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u201c\u8ce2\u8005\u4ea6\u6709\u6b64\u6a02\u4e4e\uff1f\u201d\u7684\u63d0\u554f\u3002\u5b5f\u5b50\u89e3\u91cb\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u3002\u4eba\u4e0d\u5f97\uff0c\u5247\u975e\u5176\u4e0a\u77e3\u3002\u4e0d\u5f97\u800c\u975e\u5176\u4e0a\u8005\uff0c\u975e\u4e5f\uff1b\u70ba\u6c11\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0d\u8207\u6c11\u540c\u6a02\u8005\uff0c\u4ea6\u975e\u4e5f\u3002\u201d\u5f9e\u9019\u6bb5\u8a71\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u5c07\u6109\u6085\u7576\u505a\u4e00\u7a2e\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u82e5\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u4eab\u6a02\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u53ef\u9810\u898b\u5730\u6703\u62b1\u6028\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u5b5f\u5b50\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u57f7\u653f\u8005\u7368\u81ea\u4eab\u6a02\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u6c11\u62b1\u6028\u5c31\u662f\u6b63\u7576\u7684\u3002\u7d9c\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u662f\u7d71\u6cbb\u597d\u58de\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6a19\u793a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u8eab\u537b\u7121\u6cd5\u884c\u4f7f\u9078\u64c7\u6b0a\u548c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u3002\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u4ecd\u5728\u65bc\u5929\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u88ab\u7576\u505a\u6eab\u5ea6\u8a08\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u5ea6\u91cf\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f86\u6307\u793a\u5408\u6cd5\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u5728\u4f4d\u6216\u7f3a\u4f4d\u3002&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u6587\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u544a\u5b50\u4e0a\u300b\u7b2c\u4e03\u7bc7\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u544a\u5b50\u4e0b\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc7\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b5f\u5b50\u5747\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u201c\u8056\u4eba\u8207\u6211\u540c\u985e\u8005\u201d\u8207\u201c\u4eba\u7686\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u582f\u821c\u201d\u7b49\u8457\u540d\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u9ede\u652f\u6490\u4e86\u9673\u7956\u70ba\u7b49\u4eba\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u8056\u738b\u662f\u5c07\u666e\u901a\u7f8e\u5fb7\u767c\u5c55\u5230\u6975\u81f4\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u201c\u5982\u4eca\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5747\u53ef\u70ba\u9818\u8896\u201d\u7b49\u8ad6\u65b7\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u5112\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u9818\u5c0e\u529b\u6839\u690d\u65bc\u5168\u4eba\u985e\u6240\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u54c1\u8cea\u3002\u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u8a8d\u540c\u6b64\u985e\u9818\u5c0e\u529b\u7b49\u7d1a\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u5728\u65bc\u7d93\u6fdf\u7e41\u69ae\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u73fe\u8c61\u61c9\u8a72\u88ab\u8996\u4f5c\u4e00\u7a2e\u6b77\u6642\u5076\u7136\u3002\u9451\u65bc\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u5979\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5230\u7684\u672c\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u9858\u610f\u767c\u5c55\u6210\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u6a21\u7bc4\u699c\u6a23\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u5747\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5049\u5927\u7684\u9818\u8896\uff082014: 70\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u500b\u9ad4\u8207\u8056\u4eba\u9019\u5169\u500b\u8eab\u4efd\u5177\u6709\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\uff08\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u6210\u8056\u6f5b\u80fd\uff09\u9019\u4e00\u8ad6\u65b7\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u8207\u6211\u5747\u5c0d\u6b64\u7121\u7570\u8b70\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9673\u7956\u70ba\u7b49\u4eba\u6240\u8f15\u63cf\u6de1\u5beb\u7684\u201c\u6b77\u53f2\u5076\u7136\u6027\u201d\u5176\u5be6\u6697\u6307\u4e86\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u66f4\u6df1\u4e00\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u5f35\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. \u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u5f35\u529b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u6211\u5728\u4e0a\u6587\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u9818\u8896\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u61c9\u8a72\u57fa\u65bc\u81ea\u9858\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5f37\u5236\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\u8207\u9673\u7956\u70ba\u7b49\u4eba\u6240\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u5c0d\u9818\u8896\u81ea\u9858\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5982\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u81ea\u9858\u8a8d\u540c\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u4e86\u5112\u5bb6\u9053\u5fb7\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5167\u6838\u7684\u5f35\u529b\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u5f35\u529b\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u9858\u8a8d\u540c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u990a\u3002\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u5beb\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u5728\u500b\u4eba\u4fee\u8eab\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u88ab\u5047\u5b9a\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u5fc5\u9808\u5c0a\u5f9e\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u699c\u6a23\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u90a3\u4e9b\u500b\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u901a\u904e\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u990a\u800c\u5167\u5316\u65bc\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6e96\u5247\u8868\u793a\u5c0a\u5d07\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u50c5\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u9762\u5411\u4e0a\uff0c\u88ab\u8a8d\u505a\u4e00\u500b\u81ea\u7531\u4e14\u7406\u6027\u601d\u8003\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff082014: 99\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u4ed6\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u9019\u5c0d\u699c\u6a23\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u884c\u9019\u5169\u500b\u9053\u5fb7\u5f8b\u4ee4\u69cb\u6210\u4e86\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5167\u5728\u908f\u8f2f\u3002\u5728\u5c0d\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u7b49\u7d1a\u5236\u5143\u7d20\u8207\u5176\u95dc\u65bc\u4eba\u4eba\u5747\u5177\u6709\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5f15\u5c0e\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u9032\u884c\u6bd4\u8f03\u6642\uff0c\u5c07\u524d\u8005\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u770b\u505a\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u6216\u8996\u4e4b\u5f9e\u5c6c\u65bc\u5f8c\u8005\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u90fd\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u3002\u82e5\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u7b49\u7d1a\u5236\u7dad\u5ea6\u5176\u5be6\u66f4\u70ba\u6839\u672c\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u50c5\u4f5c\u70ba\u5168\u5fc3\u5168\u610f\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u9810\u8a2d\u548c\u9a45\u52d5\u689d\u4ef6\u6642\u624d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u7b49\u7d1a\u5236\u624d\u662f\u5112\u5b78\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8868\u8ff0\uff08Ci, 2014: 100\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u9019\u4e00\u8ad6\u8ff0\u6307\u5411\u5176\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>&nbsp;\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u6311\u6230\u5728\u65bc\u5728\u9053\u5fb7\u6587\u5316\u5c64\u9762\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u9053\u5fb7\u5fc3\u7406\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u4f86\u4f7f\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u547d\u4ee4\u6216\u6210\u5206\u5f97\u4ee5\u7d50\u76df\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5728\u95dc\u65bc\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u8a2d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5168\u5426\u8a8d\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u57f9\u990a\u8207\u5c0d\u95dc\u6d89\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6642\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6210\u5206\u5728\u5112\u5b78\u6b63\u7d71\u4e2d\u88ab\u5206\u5225\u5730\u52a0\u4ee5\u5c0d\u5f85\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8fa8\u8b49\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u66f4\u5225\u63d0\u88ab\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u88ab\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u529b\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u80fd\u529b\u7e3d\u662f\u7015\u81e8\u65bc\u8d85\u8d8a\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u4e26\u7701\u7565\u4e86\u5c0d\u5f37\u5236\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6027\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e14\u9019\u4e00\u908f\u8f2f\u4e26\u672a\u88ab\u5141\u8a31\u6309\u7167\u5e38\u898f\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u518d\u5730\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u7684\u6298\u4e2d\u8fa6\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u6709\u4e14\u53ea\u6709\u5c0d\u500b\u9ad4\u4e3b\u52d5\u6027\u7684\u50c5\u5920\u7684\u627f\u8a8d\uff08Ci, 2014: 101\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u8ac7\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5112\u5bb6\u5b78\u8005\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u500b\u5f35\u529b\u65b9\u9762\u5df2\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u9032\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u540c\u6a23\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u70ba\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u8a00\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u201c\u8de8\u51fa\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u5247\u4e0a\u8207\u5916\u90e8\u9053\u5fb7\u6b0a\u5a01\u548c\u699c\u6a23\u812b\u9264\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u9053\u5fb7\u6b0a\u529b\u76f4\u63a5\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u4e3b\u9ad4\u3002\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u7248\u65b0\u6559\u6539\u9769\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u5b8c\u5168\u4e26\u672a\u53d7\u5230\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u63d0\u88ab\u5112\u5b78\u4ed8\u8af8\u5be6\u8e10\u4e86\u201d\uff082014: 103\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u6211\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5927\u6bb5\u5f15\u7528\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u539f\u6587\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u65bc\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6311\u6230\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u6240\u8981\u8a8d\u771f\u61c9\u5c0d\u7684\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5f9e\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5112\u5bb6\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u60f3\u8981\u5c07\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u990a\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5f35\u529b\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u9664\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4ed6\u5011\u5c07\u6703\u9762\u5c0d\u5b8c\u5168\u6d88\u89e3\u5112\u5bb6\u9019\u4e00\u7d50\u5c40\u3002\u6700\u7d42\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u5c07\u4e0d\u6703\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u5112\u5b78\uff0c\u800c\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u548c\u5112\u5b78\u5b8c\u5168\u7121\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u5c0d\u5112\u5bb6\u5167\u6838\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u56b4\u91cd\u5f35\u529b\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u540c\u6a23\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5728\u5224\u65b7\u9019\u4e00\u5f35\u529b\u6642\u6709\u4e9b\u504f\u9817\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4ed6\u5c0d\u65bc\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u4e00\u5f35\u529b\u4e26\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u5112\u5b78\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u904e\u65bc\u60b2\u89c0\u3002\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u9673\u7956\u70ba\u7b49\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e00\u554f\u984c\u8207\u7d93\u6fdf\u5206\u5c64\u76f8\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\u90e8\u5206\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u4e0d\u5920\u6709\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u554f\u984c\u5728\u65bc\u4eba\u6c11\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u4e2d\u88ab\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u56de\u61c9\u6027\u7684\u968e\u5c64\u3002\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u82e5\u5c07\u81ea\u9858\u8a8d\u53ef\u9818\u8896\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u6709\u5931\u516c\u5141\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5c07\u4eba\u6c11\u770b\u505a\u9032\u884c\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u990a\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u540c\u6a23\u5b58\u5728\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4eba\u6c11\u5c0d\u65bc\u9818\u8896\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u9818\u8896\u9032\u884c\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u56de\u61c9\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u6b64\u904e\u7a0b\u5c0e\u81f4\u7684\u9032\u5c55\u5728\u65bc\u4e00\u7a2e\u5167\u5316\u4e86\u7684\u7f9e\u6065\u611f\u3002\u8a72\u7f9e\u6065\u611f\u7684\u7522\u751f\u4e26\u975e\u5728\u65bc\u901a\u904e\u6709\u610f\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u990a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u53c3\u8207\u793e\u6703\u79ae\u5100\u7684\u526f\u7522\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u6c11\u50c5\u5177\u6709\u56de\u61c9\u6027\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u8ab0\u6703\u662f\u9069\u5408\u9032\u884c\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u990a\uff08\u6210\u8056\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\uff1f\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5148\u770b\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b89\u6a02\u54f2\uff08Roger Ames\uff09\u548c\u90dd\u5927\u70ba\uff08David Hall\uff09\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u5c0d\u6b64\u505a\u7684\u5340\u5206\u3002<sup><a href=\"#8\">8<\/a><\/sup>\u6211\u5c0d\u5b5f\u5b50\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u4e00\u7d44\u95dc\u9375\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff1a\u7576\u5b5f\u5b50\u8ac7\u5230\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\uff08the people\uff09\u201d\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528\u7684\u662f\u201c\u6c11\u201d\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7576\u4ed6\u8ac7\u5230\u7684\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u201c\u5168\u4eba\u985e\uff08all people\uff09\u201d\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6027\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u5c07\u6c11\u5448\u73fe\u70ba\u201c\u7fa4\u773e\uff08the masses\uff09\u201d\u4e26\u5c07\u4eba\u5448\u73fe\u70ba\u201c\u4eba\u5011\uff08persons\uff09\u201d\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u4e8c\u8005\u9593\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5b89\u6a02\u54f2\u548c\u90dd\u5927\u70ba\u63d0\u51fa\u6c11\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u96c6\u9ad4\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u65e9\u671f\u5c0d\u65bc\u6c11\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5e36\u6709\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u76f2\u76ee\uff0c\u611a\u6627\u548c\u4f11\u7720\u7b49\u6697\u793a\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4eba\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u7279\u6307\u5f62\u5bb9\u4f5c\u70ba\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u4e26\u5e36\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7a4d\u6975\u5167\u6db5\u3002\u5b89\u6a02\u54f2\u548c\u90dd\u5927\u70ba\u9084\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u500b\u9ad4\u201c\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u990a\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u8ce6\u4e88\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u201d\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u6559\u8aa8\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e00\u500b\u500b\u9ad4\u5f9e\u542b\u6df7\u800c\u7c60\u7d71\u7684\u6c11\u767c\u5c55\u70ba\u5177\u6709\u500b\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e26\u6700\u7d42\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u5177\u6709\u4ec1\u9019\u4e00\u6b0a\u5a01\u578b\u4eba\u683c\uff08Ames &amp; Hall, 1987: 139-141\uff09\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u4e00\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u76ee\u524d\u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u722d\u8ad6\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u904e\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u722d\u8ad6\u9032\u884c\u5207\u5272\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u5176\u4e2d\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u2014\u6c11\u201d\u5340\u5225\u4f86\u5c0d\u524d\u6587\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5f35\u529b\u9032\u884c\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u7576\u4eba\u6c11\u88ab\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u96c6\u3001\u5408\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5927\u773e\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u548c\u582f\u821c\u5c31\u53ef\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u540c\u985e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u5c31\u7b97\u9019\u4e00\u5340\u5206\u80fd\u5920\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5b5f\u5b50\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u89e3\u6c7a\u5b98\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u5728\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u4e0a\u7684\u5f35\u529b\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u6a5f\u5236\u4f3c\u4e4e\u88ab\u7576\u505a\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u5730\u5c07\u4eba\u6c11\u5f9e\u6c11\u63a8\u5411\u4eba\u3002\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u4e5f\u8a31\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u70cf\u5408\u4e4b\u773e\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u754c\u5b9a\u70ba\u7121\u671b\u5730\u8b19\u905c\u4e26\u4e14\u751f\u6d3b\u7121\u6cd5\u8207\u5916\u754c\u7522\u751f\u806f\u7e6b\u3002\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6fc0\u9032\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u90fd\u80fd\u5920\u767c\u73fe\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7f3a\u5931\uff1a\u5b5f\u5b50\u771f\u7684\u80fd\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u7d66\u5b9a\u7684\u8fb2\u6c11\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u4f86\u5c0d\u751f\u6d3b\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u55ce\uff1f\u4ed6\u91dd\u5c0d\u4eba\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u666e\u4e16\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8ad6\u8abf\u63d0\u5021\u4e00\u7a2e\u8996\u89d2\u4e0a\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u4ee5\u53ca\u502b\u7406\u95dc\u61f7\u7684\u64f4\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u60f3\u537b\u904e\u65bc\u72f9\u9698\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u8a8d\u771f\u8003\u616e\u5927\u773e\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u7368\u7279\u8996\u89d2\u3002\u5b5f\u5b50\u6642\u5e38\u5c07\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u6bd4\u4f5c\u5bb6\u9577\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u96e3\u9053\u5bb6\u9577\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u5c07\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5b69\u5b50\u90fd\u8996\u4f5c\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7279\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\uff08\u5982\u5b69\u5b50\u5728\u64ab\u80b2\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u5411\u5bb6\u9577\u63d0\u51fa\u7368\u7279\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u8996\u4f5c\u50c5\u6709\u540c\u610f\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\u55ce\uff1f\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u6307\u5411\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u9a45\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5411\u6c11\u4e3b\u5112\u5b78\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u524d\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>5. \u4ee5\u4eba\u672c\u6c11\u4e3b\u8212\u7de9\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u5f35\u529b<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u901a\u904e\u5be9\u8996\u5112\u5bb6\u95dc\u65bc\u9818\u8896\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u5169\u500b\u8996\u89d2\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u9ad4\u4e0a\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u76f8\u5bb9\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5247\u5b8c\u5168\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u2014\u2014\u73fe\u5728\u8f2a\u5230\u6211\u4f86\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u5c0d\u6211\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8a8d\u70ba\u5112\u5bb6\u5fc5\u9808\u7d93\u6b77\u8f49\u5316\u4e26\u4e14\u64c1\u62b1\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u660e\u6670\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u6211\u5c07\u5206\u5169\u6b65\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u6211\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5c0d\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u5c0d\u65bc\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ad6\u65b7\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u95dc\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u9032\u884c\u53cd\u99c1\uff1b\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5c0d\u4eba\u672c\u6c11\u4e3b\u8207\u6c11\u672c\u7684\u5a01\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9593\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u9032\u884c\u7c21\u7565\u63cf\u7e6a\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u5c07\u6703\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7279\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u9818\u8896\u6982\u5ff5\u5c0d\u65bc\u6210\u529f\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u800c\u8a00\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u57fa\u790e\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u8a8d\u540c\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u95dc\u65bc\u5112\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5f35\u529b\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u8a72\u5f35\u529b\u7522\u751f\u65bc\uff08\u901a\u904e\u8eab\u4efd\u8a8d\u540c\u7684\uff09\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u990a\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e14\u4e8c\u8005\u5747\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u554f\u984c\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u201c\u5c0d\u6c11\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5c0d\u4eba\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u201d\u4e4b\u9593\u61f8\u800c\u672a\u6c7a\u7684\u5f35\u529b\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u6211\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u8a8d\u70ba\u5112\u5bb6\u7d93\u5178\u62d2\u7d55\u8ce6\u4e88\u6c11\u9019\u500b\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4efb\u4f55\u6574\u5168\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u53bb\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5b58\u5728\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u4eba\u548c\u6c11\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4e5f\u8a31\u662f\u6070\u7576\u7684\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u6210\u5206\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u5c0d\u65bc\u5112\u5bb6\u6240\u9810\u60f3\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u985e\u5225\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u754c\u5b9a\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u65bc\u4ed6\u5426\u8a8d\u5112\u5bb6\u8ce6\u4e88\u81ea\u7531\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u6307\u51fa\u5c0d\u65bc\u5112\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e0d\u662f\u5982\u63ed\u793a\u4eba\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u884c\u70ba\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4e00\u822c\u986f\u5f97\u4e3b\u8981\u800c\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\uff082014: 44\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u79e9\u5e8f\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e\u76f8\u4e92\u69cb\u5efa\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08\u5982\u73fe\u4ee3\u897f\u65b9\u8996\u91ce\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6982\u5ff5\uff09\uff0c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>\u81ea\u7531\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5178\u578b\u7684\u8207\u79e9\u5e8f\u76f8\u62b5\u89f8\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e00\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u89e3\u8b80\u80cc\u5f8c\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e\u6642\u81f3\u4eca\u65e5\u4ecd\u660e\u986f\u5730\u53d7\u5230\u4e2d\u570b\u4e3b\u6d41\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u6587\u5316\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5169\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u2014\u2014\u63d0\u5347\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u548c\u5275\u5efa\u79e9\u5e8f\u2014\u2014\u88ab\u5805\u5b9a\u5730\u8a8d\u70ba\u5fc5\u9808\u5206\u958b\u4e26\u7368\u7acb\u5730\u5be6\u73fe\uff08Ci, 2014: 44\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u5c0d\u4e3b\u984c\u6027\u548c\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5206\u96e2\u662f\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u5f35\u529b\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8868\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u6211\u5728\u6b64\u7121\u610f\u65bc\u5c0d\u4e2d\u570b\u904e\u53bb\u6216\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5be6\u8e10\u9032\u884c\u89e3\u91cb\u6216\u8faf\u8b77\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u5c07\u6703\u8ad6\u8b49\u5c0d\u65bc\u50b3\u7d71\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6700\u597d\u89e3\u8b80\u2014\u2014\u8a72\u89e3\u8b80\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u901a\u904e\u66f4\u5ee3\u95ca\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\u800c\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u4f86\u2014\u2014\u5340\u5225\u65bc\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u7684\u8ad6\u65b7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f9e\u6700\u5ee3\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u4e14\u6700\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u7d93\u5178\u300a\u5927\u5b78\u300b\u4e2d\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u4f9d\u64da\uff1a\u201c\u53e4\u4e4b\u6b32\u660e\u660e\u5fb7\u65bc\u5929\u4e0b\u8005\uff0c\u5148\u6cbb\u5176\u570b\uff1b\u6b32\u6cbb\u5176\u570b\u8005\uff0c\u5148\u9f4a\u5176\u5bb6\uff1b\u6b32\u9f4a\u5176\u5bb6\u8005\uff0c\u5148\u4fee\u5176\u8eab\u3002\u201d\u9019\u4e00\u6bb5\u7684\u5f8c\u7e8c\u8a73\u8ff0\u4e86\u500b\u9ad4\u4f55\u4ee5\u4fee\u8eab\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u5f15\u8d77\u5c0d\u4f55\u4ee5\u4fee\u8eab\u7684\u5177\u9ad4\u95e1\u91cb\u800c\u5728\u5f8c\u4e16\u5112\u5b78\u4e2d\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u3002\u5c31\u6211\u5011\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\u7121\u7591\u6700\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u5728\u65bc\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u65bc\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u6c11\u80fd\u5920\u66f4\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u5be6\u73fe\u4ed6\u5011\u8207\u751f\u4ff1\u4f86\u7684\u7fd2\u5f97\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u79e9\u5e8f\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u975e\u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u5728\u65bc\u70ba\u4eba\u5011\u6210\u70ba\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5275\u9020\u689d\u4ef6\u3002<sup><a href=\"#9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u5728\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u505a\u5169\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff1a\u300a\u5927\u5b78\u300b\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6c11\u8207\u4eba\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u6307\u70ba\u4e16\u9593\u842c\u7269\uff08\u5929\u4e0b\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u8868\u8ff0\u8207\u57fa\u65bc\u4eba\u7684\u666e\u9069\u6027\u8a34\u6c42\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5011\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u4f5c\u524d\u6587\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5f35\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u300a\u5927\u5b78\u300b\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u7f8e\u5fb7\u662f\u4eba\u8207\u751f\u4ff1\u4f86\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5916\u5728\u52a0\u8af8\u65bc\u4eba\u7684\uff08\u4e5f\u8a31\u8207\u4e00\u4e9b\u5916\u5728\u7684\u5584\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\uff09\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\u5728\u5176\u5f8c\u7684\u5112\u5b78\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u5341\u5206\u56b4\u8085\u7684\u5c0d\u5f85\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u5b8b\u660e\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u652f\u6301\u6027\u7684\u793e\u6703\u653f\u6cbb\u80cc\u666f\u5c0d\u65bc\u500b\u9ad4\u4fee\u990a\u800c\u8a00\u8f03\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u65bc\u81ea\u5f97\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u81ea\u5f97\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u8eab\u611f\u77e5\u5584\u548c\u53d7\u5230\u5584\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<sup><a href=\"#10\">10<\/a><\/sup>\u78ba\u5be6\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5b8b\u660e\u5112\u5bb6\u90fd\u5f37\u8abf\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u8eab\u516c\u5141\u7684\uff08\u5c0d\u5584\u7684\uff09\u53cd\u61c9\u662f\u5584\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5584\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5584\u5fc5\u9808\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u9ad4\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u55ae\u7d14\u5730\u5c0d\u5916\u5728\u6a21\u7bc4\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u3002<sup><a href=\"#11\">11<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u5982\u679c\u6211\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u5728\u65bc\u89e3\u6c7a\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u5f35\u529b\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e5f\u8a31\u6211\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c31\u6b64\u6253\u4f4f\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u548c\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u53bb\u8ffd\u5c0b\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u990a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u76f8\u885d\u7a81\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u8981\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u885d\u7a81\u5728\u65bc\u5c0d\u4eba\u548c\u6c11\u9032\u884c\u5340\u5206\u6240\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u901a\u904e\u9810\u8a2d\u4eba\u548c\u6c11\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u986f\u8457\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u50b3\u7d71\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u6307\u5f15\u4eba\u6309\u7167\u6c11\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u9032\u884c\u7d71\u6cbb\u2014\u2014\u5373\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6c11\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u2014\u2014\u537b\u4e0d\u5c0d\u6c11\u773e\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u7d71\u6cbb\u800c\u8ce6\u4e88\u6c11\u4efb\u4f55\u8a71\u8a9e\u6b0a\u3002\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u82e5\u906d\u9047\u60e1\u653f\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u6709\u7406\u7531\u53bb\u62b5\u5236\u751a\u81f3\u985b\u8986\u8a72\u653f\u6b0a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u537b\u4e26\u975e\u57fa\u65bc\u80fd\u5920\u611f\u77e5\u5584\u6216\u8005\u8e10\u884c\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u7a69\u5065\u80fd\u529b\u3002<sup><a href=\"#12\">12<\/a><\/sup>\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u7701\u7565\u95dc\u65bc\u6c11\u773e\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e26\u7528\u4eba\u672c\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u4f86\u53d6\u4ee3\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6c11\u672c\u5a01\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u9019\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u73fe\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u5fb9\u5e95\u5730\u64fa\u812b\u539f\u6709\u5f35\u529b\uff0c\u64c1\u62b1\u4eba\u6c11\u70ba\u4eba\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u500b\u4eba\u80fd\u5920\u70ba\u69cb\u5efa\u4e00\u500b\u6b0a\u5a01\u6027\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\uff08\u5373\u4eba\u6c11\uff09\u505a\u51fa\u8ca2\u737b\u4e26\u4e14\u570b\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5f9e\u4eba\u6c11\u8655\u7372\u5f97\u5176\u57f7\u653f\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u50b3\u7d71\u5112\u5b78\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u8655\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u8655\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u4eba\u672c\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u4e0d\u50c5\u9700\u8981\u95dc\u6ce8\u5ee3\u5927\u7fa4\u773e\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u9084\u9700\u8981\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u9019\u500b\u591a\u6578\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u6210\u54e1\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7368\u7279\u7684\u548c\u5bf6\u8cb4\u7684\u95dc\u65bc\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u66f4\u5bec\u5ee3\u7684\u5584\u7684\u610f\u898b\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u500b\u9ad4\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u6709\u5176\u5229\u76ca\u8a34\u6c42\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u9084\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u548c\u8072\u97f3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u50b3\u7d71\u5112\u5bb6\u8996\u95be\u5167\uff0c\u4eba\u672c\u6c11\u4e3b\u662f\u69cb\u5efa\u5728\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u548c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u9053\u5fb7\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5728\u5176\u9918\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u6709\u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5169\u500b\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u8207\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5247\u95dc\u6ce8\u65bc\u8a72\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u9650\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3002<sup><a href=\"#13\">13<\/a><\/sup>\u91dd\u5c0d\u7b2c\u4e00\u9ede\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u95dc\u65bc\u5112\u5bb6\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u5408\u908f\u8f2f\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5730\u4e0d\u4ee5\u539f\u5b50\u5f0f\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f86\u8a8d\u8b58\u500b\u4eba\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u8207\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u95dc\u4fc2\u76f8\u5206\u96e2\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u7368\u7279\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u5747\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u500b\u4eba\u95dc\u65bc\u773c\u524d\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u53ef\u4f9d\u64da\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5152\u5b50\uff0c\u7236\u89aa\uff0c\u914d\u5076\uff0c\u8001\u5e2b\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7d44\u7e54\u6216\u8005\u662f\u6709\u91cd\u758a\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u4e00\u54e1\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff08\u5982\u6211\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6211\u7684\u5973\u5152\u6216\u8005\u59bb\u5b50\u5728\u9ad8\u4e2d\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff09\u5f62\u5851\u9019\u6211\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5230\u5177\u9ad4\u4e8b\u52d9\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u8abf\u548c\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4e26\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4e0d\u5c07\u758f\u9060\u7684\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u58d3\u904e\u5c0d\u8eab\u908a\u89aa\u8fd1\u4eba\u7684\u95dc\u5fc3\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u5ee3\u95ca\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u6703\u50be\u5411\u7b26\u5408\u65bc\u773e\u591a\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u9ede\u4e2d\u95dc\u65bc\u8abf\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u4e4b\u8655\u8207\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u4e4b\u8655\u76f8\u7b26\u3002\u4e00\u5982\u7576\u4ee3\u62b5\u5236\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5112\u8005\u5011\u6240\u8fc5\u901f\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u52d9\u4e0a\uff0c\u73fe\u4ee3\u653f\u9ad4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u516c\u6c11\u5747\u662f\u7121\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u9019\u7a2e\u7121\u77e5\u9084\u8868\u73fe\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u8073\u4eba\u807d\u805e\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u5931\u8aa4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u502b\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u52a3\u52e2\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u5341\u5206\u5ee3\u6cdb\u3002\u800c\u91d1\u9322\u548c\u6b0a\u529b\u901a\u904e\u5404\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u6ef2\u900f\u9032\u73fe\u5b58\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u7cfb\u7d71\u5c0d\u65bc\u8150\u8755\u653f\u5e9c\u4fe1\u4efb\u5927\u6709\u52a9\u76ca\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u4e00\u500b\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\u591a\u9ebc\u6709\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5920\u5f97\u5230\u61c9\u5f97\u7684\u91cd\u8996\u537b\u4e0d\u5f97\u800c\u77e5\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u4f55\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4fb5\u8755\u4e86\u6c11\u4e3b\u904b\u8f49\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u6578\u91cf\u53ef\u89c0\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\u7684\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u64d4\u6182\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u6027\u3002\u91dd\u5c0d\u6211\u7684\u73fe\u968e\u6bb5\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u7262\u8a18\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u9ede\u5728\u65bc\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7576\u524d\u5728\u5b78\u7406\u4e0a\u548c\u5be6\u8b49\u4e0a\u5747\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u8a2d\u60f3\u7528\u73fe\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u4f86\u66ff\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5982\u8ce2\u80fd\u653f\u6cbb\uff1b<sup><a href=\"#14\">14<\/a><\/sup>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6c11\u672c\u5a01\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u8868\u73fe\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e26\u4e0d\u61c9\u88ab\u770b\u505a\u662f\u5c0d\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u6beb\u7121\u554f\u984c\u7684\u95e1\u91cb\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u6848\u540c\u6a23\u9700\u8981\u9762\u5c0d\u8cab\u7a7f\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u5112\u5bb6\u50b3\u7d71\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u7684\u5f35\u529b\u7684\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u62b5\u5236\u5112\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6559\u5c0e\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5fb9\u5e95\u5730\u8b49\u660e\u70ba\u6b63\u7576\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>6. \u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u9818\u8896<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u5c0d\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u6703\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u8896\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ba\uff1a\u4eba\u6c11\u544a\u8a34\u9818\u8896\u53bb\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u9818\u8896\u5c31\u505a\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u500b\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u4e5f\u8a31\u8db3\u4ee5\u5f15\u51fa\u6211\u5011\u6240\u9700\u8981\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9700\u8981\u9818\u8896\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u62d2\u65a5\u6620\u5c04\u51fa\u5b5f\u5b50\u6c11\u672c\u5a01\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u201c\u52de\u5fc3\u8005\u6cbb\u4eba\uff0c\u52de\u529b\u8005\u6cbb\u65bc\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002<sup><a href=\"#15\">15<\/a><\/sup>\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u4eba\u70ba\u672c\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u50b3\u7d71\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u9818\u8896\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u80fd\u5920\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u4f86\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u56de\u9867\u9673\u7956\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u9818\u8896\u7684\u56db\u500b\u7279\u5fb5\uff1a\u5b83\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u81ea\u9858\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5b83\u5353\u8d8a\u65bc\u5e73\u51e1\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u555f\u767c\u6027\u5167\u6db5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u8f03\u4e4b\u65bc\u88fd\u5ea6\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5fb5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u7121\u53ef\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u95dc\u65bc\u9818\u8896\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u90fd\u5c07\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u81ea\u9858\u63a5\u53d7\u548c\u540c\u610f\u3002\u800c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u7279\u5fb5\u5247\u66f4\u70ba\u6709\u8da3\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4e00\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u7de8\u8005\u90ed\u5cfb\u8d6b\uff08Kwak Jun-Hyeok\uff09\u6307\u51fa\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u97d3\u570b\u5f37\u8abf\u6709\u5fb7\u884c\u7684\u9818\u8896\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u8ad6\u8b49\u4e86\u7576\u524d\u6771\u4e9e\u793e\u6703\u61c9\u8a72\u63a1\u7528\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u9818\u5c0e\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u5728\u65bc\u76f8\u4e92\u9593\u7684\u7121\u652f\u914d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9053\u5fb7\u7f8e\u5fb7\u3002<sup><a href=\"#16\">16<\/a><\/sup>\u90ed\u5cfb\u8d6b\u5c0d\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u64d4\u6182\u8207\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u76f8\u7b26\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u6771\u4e9e\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u9818\u8896\u6703\u4e0d\u5207\u5be6\u969b\u5730\u8072\u7a31\u4ed6\u5011\u5177\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u7d14\u6f54\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u50c5\u9700\u9762\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5207\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6e96\u5247\u7684\u88fd\u7d04\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u9818\u8896\u5011\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6216\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u5927\u773e\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u652f\u6301\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u6232\u5287\u6027\u5730\u6416\u64fa\u4e0d\u5b9a\u3002\u6211\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u64d4\u6182\u8868\u793a\u611f\u6fc0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u80fd\u5408\u7406\u5730\u56de\u61c9\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u6771\u4e9e\u793e\u6703\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u6240\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\u6982\u5ff5\u904e\u65bc\u72f9\u9698\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u55aa\u5931\u5112\u5bb6\u7f8e\u5fb7\u61c9\u7531\u7684\u5167\u6db5\u3002\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u7d14\u6f54\u6027\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u7a2e\u4e00\u65e6\u6d89\u53ca\u73fe\u5be6\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u502b\u7406\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6c7a\u7b56\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u88ab\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u7d14\u6f54\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u7f8e\u5fb7\u6240\u8981\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u5b5f\u5b50\u6240\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u201c\u4ec1\u3001\u7fa9\u3001\u79ae\u3001\u667a\u201d\u56db\u7aef\u53ef\u88ab\u7576\u505a\u5112\u5bb6\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u7c21\u8981\u6982\u62ec\u3002\u5982\u9673\u7956\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u5747\u80fd\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5be6\u73fe\u9019\u56db\u7aef\uff0c\u4f46\u5112\u5bb6\u9818\u8896\u6240\u5c55\u73fe\u51fa\u7684\u56db\u7aef\u5247\u88ab\u5bc4\u671b\u512a\u65bc\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u3002\u800c\u9019\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u9818\u8896\u6240\u61c9\u61f7\u62b1\u7684\u671f\u5f85\uff1a\u57fa\u65bc\u4ec1\u611b\u7684\u95dc\u61f7\u800c\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u5408\u7406\u5730\u61c9\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u72c0\uff0c\u56e0\u4f5c\u70ba\u516c\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u800c\u5c55\u73fe\u7684\u838a\u91cd\u8209\u6b62\uff0c\u5728\u5e73\u8861\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u898b\u4ee5\u53ca\u8003\u616e\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\u9577\u9060\u5229\u76ca\u4e0a\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u958b\u653e\u6027\u601d\u7dad\u3002\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u788e\u7247\u5316\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u6bd4\u8f03\u96e3\u4ee5\u5c0d\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u54c1\u8cea\u9032\u884c\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u500b\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u8896\u5728\u5176\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u8207\u627f\u8afe\u53ef\u80fd\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u4f9d\u64da\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u6240\u8981\u63a2\u8a0e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89c0\u9ede\u5728\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u570d\u7e5e\u8457\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u9818\u8896\u6982\u5ff5\u80fd\u5426\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u76f8\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u9032\u884c\u9053\u5fb7\u5224\u65b7\u7684\u96e3\u6613\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b58\u5728\u62d2\u65a5\u4e8c\u8005\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5c07\u7d71\u4e00\u8a0e\u8ad6\u555f\u767c\u6027\u548c\u88fd\u5ea6\u9019\u6700\u5f8c\u5169\u500b\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5c07\u9818\u8896\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u65bc\u516c\u6c11\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6a21\u7bc4\u6216\u6b0a\u5a01\u3002\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u9818\u8896\u5c31\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u5236\u5ea6\uff1a\u9019\u7a2e\u5236\u5ea6\u8868\u73fe\u70ba\u4efb\u4e00\u516c\u6c11\u500b\u9ad4\u5728\u9032\u884c\u6c7a\u65b7\u6642\u6240\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u773e\u591a\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u9650\u5236\u689d\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5f37\u8abf\uff08\u5982\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\uff09\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u5f97\u201d\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u540c\u6a23\u5f37\u8abf\u5982\u699c\u6a23\uff0c\u6559\u5e2b\uff0c\u5bb6\u9577\uff0c\u79ae\u5100\u548c\u7d93\u5178\u6587\u672c\u7b49\u9019\u4e9b\u5916\u90e8\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u95dc\u65bc\u5167\u5728\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u5f97\u548c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u8207\u5916\u5728\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff1a\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u904e\u7a0b\u88ab\u770b\u505a\u9418\u64fa\u4e00\u822c\u5de6\u53f3\u6416\u6643\uff0c\u5f9e\u501a\u91cd\u5167\u5fc3\u7684\u4e00\u7aef\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u66f4\u70ba\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u800c\u5230\u9054\u501a\u91cd\u5916\u5728\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\uff0c\u4e26\u5982\u6b64\u5f80\u5fa9\u3002\u5728\u6211\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u90a3\u4e9b\u627f\u8a8d\u5167\u5916\u90e8\u4e8c\u91cd\u6027\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u6536\u7a6b\u3002\u660e\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u7f85\u6b3d\u9806\uff081465-1547\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u4ed6\u5c0d\u90a3\u4e9b\u5021\u5c0e\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u81ea\u6211\u9053\u5fb7\u76f4\u89ba\u7684\u55ae\u7368\u501a\u91cd\u7684\u540c\u671f\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u8868\u793a\u64d4\u6182\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u6b64\u89c0\u5ff5\u662f\u55ae\u5411\u5ea6\u7684\uff1b\u9019\u7a2e\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u201c\u49df\u65bc\u4e00\u504f\u853d\u65bc\u4e00\u5df2\u201d\uff08\u7f85\u6b3d\u9806, 1990: 3\uff09\u3002\u7f85\u6b3d\u9806\u4e26\u6307\u51fa\u201c\u830d\u5b78\u4e4b\u4e0d\u535a\uff0c\u8aaa\u4e4b\u4e0d\u8a73\uff0c\u800c\u853d\u5176\u898b\u65bc\u65b9\u5bf8\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u96d6\u617e\u4e0d\u5dee\u5f17\u53ef\u5f97\u5df2\u201d\uff08\u7f85\u6b3d\u9806, 1990: 22-23\uff09\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u8a72\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f\u7f85\u6b3d\u9806\u8aaa\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u662f\u6545\uff0c\u5bdf\u4e4b\u65bc\u8eab\uff0c\u5b9c\u83ab\u5148\u65bc\u6027\u60c5\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u898b\u7109\u63a8\u4e4b\u65bc\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u901a\uff0c\u975e\u81f3\u7406\u4e5f\u201d\uff08\u7f85\u6b3d\u9806, 1990: 3\uff09\u3002\u5982\u5176\u5f8c\u7684\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u7f85\u6b3d\u9806\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u5f9e\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u8eab\u9084\u662f\u5f9e\u5916\u90e8\u4e8b\u7269\u4f86\u5be9\u8996\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u6240\u5167\u6db5\u7684\u7406\u6b78\u70ba\u4e00\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u89c0\u5bdf\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u8eab\u60c5\u611f\u53cd\u61c9\u8207\u5916\u90e8\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u6a21\u7bc4\u9818\u8896\u5728\u76f8\u4f3c\u5883\u6cc1\u4e0b\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\uff09\u7684\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u5c31\u80fd\u5920\u5c07\u201c\u7406\u201d\u5bb9\u7d0d\u5165\u81ea\u8eab\u4e26\u4e14\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u6dfa\u8584\u6216\u81ea\u6211\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u6240\u5f15\u5165\u6b67\u9014\u3002\u76f8\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u82e5\u5916\u90e8\u6a21\u7bc4\u7121\u6cd5\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u60c5\u611f\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9019\u4e9b\u5916\u90e8\u6a21\u5f0f\u7406\u61c9\u53d7\u5230\u8cea\u7591\u3002\u6240\u6709\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u5728\u65bc\u53bb\u201c\u5be6\u73fe\u7269\u8207\u81ea\u6211\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u555f\u767c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u7f85\u6b3d\u9806\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5341\u5206\u6df1\u5967\uff0c\u4e14\u5c0d\u5176\u9032\u884c\u5fb9\u5e95\u89e3\u91cb\u5c07\u6703\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u9060\u96e2\u4e3b\u984c\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5df2\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5f97\u51fa\u9019\u4e00\u7d50\u8ad6\uff1a\u57fa\u65bc\u81ea\u8eab\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u81ea\u4e3b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7684\u5584\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5916\u90e8\u6a21\u7bc4\u5728\u4e0d\u5426\u5b9a\u500b\u4eba\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u9032\u884c\u7d04\u675f\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7576\u500b\u4eba\u5c0d\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u95e1\u91cb\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u6240\u81ea\u7531\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u6642\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u5c31\u8a8d\u70ba\u53bb\u5be6\u73fe\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u72c0\u614b\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u5728\u9019\u500b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5931\u6557\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8457\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u6a21\u7bc4\u662f\u865b\u5047\u7684\uff08\u5982\uff0c\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u9818\u8896\uff0c\u898b\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u4e0b\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u662f\u5e36\u6709\u504f\u898b\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u5f9e\u672a\u660e\u78ba\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u554f\u984c\u5230\u5e95\u70ba\u4f55\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6240\u80fd\u505a\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u65b7\u5617\u8a66\u53bb\u767c\u73fe\u597d\u7684\u6a21\u7bc4\u548c\u7121\u504f\u898b\u7684\u56de\u61c9\uff0c\u53bb\u5c0b\u627e\u4e8c\u8005\u76f8\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u6700\u5805\u5be6\u548c\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9818\u8896\u88ab\u5bc4\u671b\u65bc\u53bb\u5e36\u9818\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u53bb\u6a39\u7acb\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u53bb\u555f\u767c\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9818\u8896\u50c5\u50c5\u5617\u8a66\u53bb\u6548\u4eff\u516c\u6c11\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u570d\u7e5e\u8457\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u671f\u7684\u6c11\u8abf\u4f86\u5f62\u5851\u4ed6\u5011\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4ed6\u5011\u5c31\u6d88\u89e3\u4e86\u9818\u8896\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u9019\u500b\u4f5c\u7528\u6070\u597d\u5c31\u5728\u65bc\u53bb\u5145\u7576\u4e00\u500b\u9650\u5236\u6027\u548c\u6307\u5f15\u6027\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u9818\u8896\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c0d\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u77ed\u8996\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u88fd\u7d04\uff0c\u4fc3\u9032\u516c\u6c11\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5305\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f7f\u516c\u6c11\u8a8d\u8b58\u4ed6\u5011\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u6c92\u6709\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u7684\u66f4\u5ee3\u95ca\u548c\u9577\u671f\u7684\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u9019\u4e9b\u9577\u9060\u65b9\u6848\u624d\u5207\u5be6\u80fd\u5920\u6eff\u8db3\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u73fe\u4ee3\u5112\u8005\u8a72\u600e\u6a23\u91cd\u65b0\u5c07\u50b3\u7d71\u9818\u8896\u89d2\u8272\u89e3\u8b80\u70ba\u201c\u555f\u767c\u6027\u201d\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\u6240\u5728\u3002\u6211\u540c\u6a23\u9084\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u6211\u5011\u63a5\u53d7\u65e9\u671f\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4eba\u70ba\u672c\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u8ce6\u4e88\u67d0\u4e00\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u570d\u7e5e\u8457\u9818\u8896\u7684\u88fd\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8a31\u6703\u5305\u542b\u7af6\u9009\u548c\u9078\u8209\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u6b64\u66ab\u4e0d\u53bb\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9019\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5c\u70ba\u88fd\u5ea6\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u8896\u81ea\u8eab\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u66f4\u70ba\u5ee3\u7fa9\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6a23\u672c\uff1a\u5982\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u70ba\u5c0d\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6a19\u6e96\u6709\u652f\u6490\u4f5c\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u88fd\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e14\u9019\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u5167\u5728\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u88fd\u8861\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u9019\u985e\u88fd\u5ea6\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6a23\u672c\u662f\u6709\u8457\u5408\u9069\u6559\u5e2b\u57f9\u8a13\u548c\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u516c\u7acb\u5b78\u6821\u3002\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u7522\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u70ba\u4f55\uff0c\u5176\u5747\u7121\u6cd5\u9054\u5230\u4ee4\u4eba\u6eff\u610f\u7684\u6c34\u6e96\uff1a\u4f86\u81ea\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u7e3d\u5f97\u88ab\u500b\u4eba\u76e1\u529b\u6240\u70ba\u7684\u516c\u6b63\u5224\u65b7\u6240\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);line-height:2\">\u5c07\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u8896\u7576\u505a\u81f3\u4e0a\u8ad6\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5c0d\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e2d\u7684\u9818\u8896\u89d2\u8272\u9032\u884c\u7e3d\u7d50\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u81f3\u4e0a\u8ad6\u6307\u7684\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u61c9\u5728\u5c0d\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u502b\u7406\u6539\u5584\u4e0a\u63a1\u53d6\u7a4d\u6975\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u63a1\u53d6\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u5c07\u502b\u7406\u6559\u80b2\u554f\u984c\u5b8c\u5168\u4ea4\u7d66\u500b\u9ad4\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u5927\u81f4\u540c\u610f\u67d0\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5b8c\u5584\u8ad6\u662f\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u3002<sup><a href=\"#17\">17<\/a><\/sup>\u5112\u5bb6\u865f\u53ec\u6211\u5011\u53bb\u9078\u64c7\u6709\u8996\u91ce\u548c\u6027\u683c\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u9818\u8896\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u9818\u8896\u80fd\u5920\u9f13\u52f5\u6211\u5011\u7528\u66f4\u5ee3\u95ca\u7684\u8996\u91ce\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6211\u5011\u6163\u4ee5\u5ffd\u8996\u7684\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u53bb\u770b\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9818\u8896\u61c9\u8a72\u8d85\u8d8a\u65e2\u5b58\u79c1\u5229\u7684\u62c9\u62c9\u968a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u671f\u5f85\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9818\u8896\u5177\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u7d14\u6f54\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5112\u5bb6\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u53bb\u5c0b\u627e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u591a\u7a2e\u7f8e\u5fb7\u4e0a\u8d85\u8d8a\u666e\u901a\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u505a\u9818\u8896\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u6210\u7acb\u7684\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u8f03\u70ba\u6210\u529f\u5730\u9078\u64c7\u6b63\u78ba\u985e\u578b\u7684\u9818\u8896\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u5d29\u6f70\u3002\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u73fe\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u9818\u8896\u6240\u9818\u5c0e\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\uff08\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5728\u4f55\u7a2e\u5c64\u7d1a\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff09\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u516c\u6c11\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u81ea\u8eab\u9019\u4e8c\u8005\u90fd\u5c07\u5f97\u76ca\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u9818\u8896\u8207\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u806f\u59fb\u5ee3\u6709\u524d\u9014\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"1\">1. \u6211\u611f\u8b1d\u53c3\u52a0\u201c\u6771\u5317\u4e9e\u6c11\u4e3b\u9818\u8896\u6982\u5ff5\u5de5\u4f5c\u574a\u201d\u7684\u5404\u4f4d\u8207\u6703\u8005\u5728\u6703\u4e0a\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u611f\u8b1dMax Fong\u5728\u7de8\u8f2f\u4e0a\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"2\">2. \u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u00b7\u70ba\u653f\u7bc7\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"3\">3. \u8c9d\u6de1\u5be7\uff082015\uff09\u8a73\u76e1\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u53d7\u5230\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u555f\u767c\u7684\u5c1a\u8ce2\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"4\">4. \u5b50\u8ca2\u554f\u653f\u3002\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u8db3\u98df\u3002\u8db3\u5175\u3002\u6c11\u4fe1\u4e4b\u77e3\u3002\u201d\u5b50\u8ca2\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u5fc5\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u800c\u53bb\uff0c\u65bc\u65af\u4e09\u8005\u4f55\u5148\uff1f\u201d\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u53bb\u5175\u3002\u201d\u5b50\u8ca2\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u5fc5\u4e0d\u5f97\u5df2\u800c\u53bb\uff0c\u65bc\u65af\u4e8c\u8005\u4f55\u5148\uff1f\u201d\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u53bb\u98df\u3002\u81ea\u53e4\u7686\u6709\u6b7b\uff0c\u6c11\u7121\u4fe1\u4e0d\u7acb\u3002\u201d\uff08\u8b6f\u8005\u8a3b\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"5\">5. \u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9673\u7956\u70ba\u8207\u9673\u6c38\u653f\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u90fd\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u6709\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5112\u5bb6\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\uff08\u9673\u6c38\u653f\u5728\u5176\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e86\u5171\u548c\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff09\u4e92\u70ba\u555f\u767c\u8207\u501f\u9452\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e8c\u8005\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u8f03\u4e4b\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u65b9\u90fd\u66f4\u70ba\u512a\u8d8a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"6\">6. \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u699c\u6a23\u500b\u9ad4\u624d\u80fd\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002 \uff08\u8b6f\u8005\u8a3b\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"7\">7. \u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u4e0a\u300b\u7b2c\u4e03\u7bc7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"8\">8. Stephan Angle,<em> Contemporary Confucian Political Philosophy: Toward Progressive Confucianism, <\/em>Polity Press, 2012, p.40-41.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"9\">9. \u9700\u8981\u627f\u8a8d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5112\u5bb6\u4f5c\u54c1\u4e2d\u4ecd\u56e0\u5b58\u5728\u90e8\u5206\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u5f35\u529b\u800c\u5f37\u8abf\u79e9\u5e8f\u662f\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u500b\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u79e9\u5e8f\u56e0\u5176\u4fc3\u6210\u502b\u7406\u9aee\u5c55\u800c\u5f80\u5f80\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u7684\u6700\u70ba\u6839\u672c\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u7f85\u5a1c\uff08El Amine, 2015\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u9673\u6c38\u653f\u5c0d\u975e\u7406\u60f3\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u79e9\u5e8f\u4f5c\u70ba\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u6b21\u512a\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff082014\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"10\">10. \u72c4\u767e\u745e\uff08De Bary\uff09\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\u505a\u4e86\u8f03\u70ba\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\u72c4\u767e\u745e\uff081989\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"11\">11. \u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u8ac7\u5230\uff0c\u738b\u967d\u660e\u7279\u5225\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7d66\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u7684\u6a21\u7bc4\uff0c\u4e14\u8a72\u6a21\u7bc4\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6b0a\u5a01\u9ad8\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u81ea\u8eab\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6731\u71b9\u8a8d\u70ba\u7406\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u7531\u6211\u5011\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u6240\u69cb\u5efa\u7684\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u5b89\u9756\u5982\uff082009\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"12\">12. \u9664\u4e86\u4e4b\u524d\u5df2\u7d93\u8a0e\u8ad6\u904e\u7684\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u6881\u60e0\u738b\u4e0b\u300b\u7b2c\u516b\u7bc7\u5916\uff0c\u8340\u5b50\u4e5f\u91dd\u5c0d\u6b64\u6982\u5ff5\u505a\u51fa\u904e\u8457\u540d\u8ad6\u65b7\u3002\u5982\u8340\u5b50\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u5eb6\u4eba\u5b89\u653f\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u541b\u5b50\u5b89\u4f4d\u3002\u50b3\u66f0\uff1a\u2018\u541b\u8005\u3001\u821f\u4e5f\uff0c\u5eb6\u4eba\u8005\u3001\u6c34\u4e5f\uff1b\u6c34\u5247\u8f09\u821f\uff0c\u6c34\u5247\u8986\u821f\u2019\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u8340\u5b50\u00b7\u738b\u5236\u7bc7\u300b\uff09\u3002\u5728\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u95dc\u65bc\u4eba\u6c11\u9769\u547d\u6b0a\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"13\">13. \u53c3\u898b\u5b89\u9756\u5982\uff082012\uff09\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u8a72\u66f8\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"14\">14. \u91d1\u8056\u6587\uff082014\uff09\u7684\u5c08\u8457\u5c0d\u65bc\u7576\u524d\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8ce2\u80fd\u653f\u6cbb\u65b9\u6848\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u6279\u5224\u6027\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"15\">15. \u00a0\u53c3\u898b\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u00b7\u6ed5\u6587\u516c\u4e0a\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u7bc7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"16\">16. \u53c3\u898b\u90ed\u5cfb\u8d6b\uff082018\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-ast-global-color-3-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\" id=\"17\">17. \u53c3\u52a0\u9673\u7956\u70ba\uff082014\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u91d1\u8056\u6587\uff082016\uff09\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5982\u73fe\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u5fc5\u9808\u5f9e\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u8f49\u8b8a\u5230\u61b2\u653f\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u5c0d\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u8896\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u9032\u884c\u53cd\u601d\u3002\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u73fe\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u5fc5\u9808\u64ef\u68c4\u50b3\u7d71\u5112\u5bb6\u8996\u91ce\u4e0b\u7684\u9818\u8896\u89c0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u6c11\u4e3b\u5112\u5b78\u7684\u65b0\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u898b\u89e3\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u610f\u6db5\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u6d1e\u898b\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u5167\u6db5\u4f9d\u820a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5728\u9673\u7956\u70ba\uff08Joseph Chan\uff09\u548c\u9673\u6c38\u653f\uff08Elton Chan\uff09\u65b0\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u9996\u5148\u5927\u81f4\u52fe\u756b\u4e86\u50b3\u7d71\u5112\u5bb6\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e2d\u555f\u9aee\u578b\u9818\u8896\u7684\u8f2a\u5ed3\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u89e3\u6790\u4e26\u6279\u8a55\u4e86\u6148\u7e7c\u5049\u5c0d\u65bc\u57fa\u65bc \u201c\u8a8d\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u201d\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u9818\u8896\u89c0\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u8ad6\u65b7\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u6211\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u8ad6\u8b49\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u901a\u904e\u64c1\u62b1\u4eba\u672c\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c11\u672c\u5a01\u6b0a\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u50b3\u7d71\u5112\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u5f35\u529b\u3002\u5728\u6700\u5f8c\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u660e\u78ba\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5112\u5bb6\u6c11\u4e3b\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u653f\u6cbb\u9818\u8896\u4f86\u626e\u6f14\u90a3\u4e9b\u672c\u8457\u50b3\u7d71\u5112\u5bb6\u9818\u8896\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[217,215,239,211,238],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4768"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4768"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4768\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4776,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4768\/revisions\/4776"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4768"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4768"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4768"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}