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\u5b89\u9756\u5982<\/a>\uff08\u4ed8\u6d2a\u6cc9\u8b6f\uff09
\u7dad\u601d\u5927\u5b78
\u539f\u8f09\u65bc\u00a0\u6c42\u662f\u5b78\u520a Vol.36 No.4: 33-38
\u4f5c\u8005\u6388\u6b0a\u65bc\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u7db2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u4e0b\u8f09PDF\u7248\u672c<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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1. \u4f59\u82f1\u6642\u7684\u9000\u8b93<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u4f59\u82f1\u6642\u9084\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u628a\u9019\u7a2e\u4e3b\u5f35\u7a0d\u7a0d\u5730\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5112\u5b78\u201c\u9000\u56de\u5230\u500b\u4eba\u9818\u5730\u800c\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4f4d\u81ea\u8eab\u201d\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u826f\u597d\u6559\u5316\u7684\u5112\u8005\u61c9\u8a72\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u73fe\u4ee3\u570b\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u516c\u6c11\u3002 \u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u7f8e\u5fb7\u548c\u516c\u6c11\u7f8e\u5fb7\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u8d77\u6e90\u4e0a\u662f\u5206\u96e2\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u7406\u7531\u5047\u5b9a\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f8\u4e92\u52a0\u5f37\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7d71\u4e00\u8d77\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u7a4d\u6975\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u5beb\u9053\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u6240\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u5236\u90fd\u6709\u9818\u5c0e\u548c\u7cbe\u82f1\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u7cbe\u82f1\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u9053\u5fb7\u7d20\u990a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5373\u7f8e\u5fb7\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u3002 \u201c\u500b\u4eba\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u6975\u5927\u5730\u5e6b\u52a9\u516c\u5171\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u3002\u201d\u4f59\u82f1\u6642\u9084\u88dc\u5145\u9053\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u5bb6\u5011\u90fd\u5df2\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u201c\u4eba\u7684\u54c1\u683c\u201d \u6216\u8005\u201c\u57f9\u990a\u667a\u6167\u201d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7a2e\u7a2e\uff0c\u4f59\u82f1\u6642\u4ecd\u6c92\u6709\u653e\u68c4\u4ed6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7acb\u5834\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5fc5\u9808\u56b4\u683c\u9650\u5b9a\u5728\u5b83\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u539f\u521d\u95dc\u6ce8\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u4ee5\u6c11\u70ba\u201c\u672c\u201d\u7684\u5c40\u9650<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20 \u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5021\u5c0e\u8005\u4ee5\u53ca\u67d0\u4e9b\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u90fd\u8ad6\u53ca\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u5949\u884c\u201c\u4ee5\u6c11\u70ba\u672c\u201d(\u201c\u6c11\u672c\u201d)\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u8db3\u4ee5\u69cb\u6210\u50b3\u7d71\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u8ad6\u8b49\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u5112\u5bb6\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u88ab\u60f3\u50cf\u70ba\u53cd\u61c9\u6027\u7684\u5927\u773e\u5168\u9ad4 (reactive mass entity) \u7684 \u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u201d(\u201c\u6c11\u201d\u6216 \u8005\u201c\u7fa4 \u773e\u201d)\uff0c\u8207\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u88ab\u60f3\u50cf\u70ba\u55ae\u500b\u7684\u3001\u5177\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u986f\u8457\u7684\u5340\u5225\u3002\u628a\u524d\u8005\u8aaa\u6210\u662f\u793e\u6703\u7684\u6839\u672c\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u8aaa\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u5fc5\u9808\u628a\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u653e\u5728\u9996\u4f4d\uff0c\u6c7a\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\u4ed6\u5011\u5177\u6709\u4f5c\u51fa\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u81ea\u6cbb\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u95dc\u65bc\u201c\u4eba\u201d\u6240\u5171\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u672c\u6027\u7684\u8072\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u4ecd\u7136\u8a8d\u70ba\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u201d \u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u53c3\u8207 (\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a)\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u7d93\u5178\u5112\u5b78\u6559\u5c0e\u8aaa\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4e0d\u662f\u7368\u7acb\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u5929\u610f(\u7d71\u6cbb\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u4f86\u6e90)\u7684\u6307\u793a\u8005\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5b83\u5728\u81ea\u6cbb\u548c\u901a\u884c\u7684\u541b\u6b0a\u4e4b\u9593\u5283\u4e86\u4e00\u689d\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u7684\u4e2d\u9593\u5730\u5e36\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u505a\u6cd5\u4ee4\u4eba\u7a31\u9053\u5730\u628a\u7d71\u6cbb\u5c0d\u88ab\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u95dc\u5fc3\u4f5c\u70ba\u653f\u6cbb\u9ad4\u5236\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u76f8\u7576\u7684\u542b\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u4e8c\u3001 \u5c0d\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u8ad6\u8b49<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1. \u690d\u6839\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u9053\u5fb7\u6210\u9577\u7684\u53c3\u8207<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5982\u679c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6210\u9577\u2014\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5373\uff0c\u6c38\u7121\u6b62\u5883\u5730\u8ffd\u96a8\u8056\u8ce2\u7684\u6b77\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u8981\u6c42\u53c3\u8207\u6027\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u8056\u4eba\u653f\u6cbb\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u6c42\u53c3\u8207\u3002\u9673\u7d20\u82ac\u5beb\u9053\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u541b\u5b50\u4ee5\u53ca\u8056\u4eba\u6bd4\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u66f4\u6709\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u70ba\u4e2d,\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6240\u60f3\u548c\u6240\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u591a\u9ebc\u611a\u6627\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u8a98\u5c0e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u52a0\u4ee5\u5ffd\u8996\u3002\u91dd\u5c0d\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u884c\u70ba\u9700\u8981\u5e6b\u52a9\u4ed6\u5011\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u8070\u660e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u653f\u5e9c\u628a\u6559\u80b2\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u8cac\u4efb\u3002\u5c0d\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u6539\u9020\u9700\u8981\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u30022<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ad6\u8ff0\u5f88\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9673\u7d20\u82ac\u5728\u6b64\u8655\u5c0d\u201c\u53c3\u8207\u201d\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7f3a\u5c11\u6211\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3002\u9673\u7684\u8981\u9ede\u5728\u65bc\u5f37\u8abf\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u800c\u975e\u88ab\u52d5\u6216\u8005(\u66f4\u7cdf\u7684)\u6050\u5687\u5f0f\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7bc4\u570d\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u7406\u89e3\u201c\u53c3\u8207\u201d\uff1f\u9673\u5728\u5c0d\u6b64\u554f\u984c\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u4e2d\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u675c\u5a01\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u675c\u5a01\u8aaa\u904e\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u6027\u53ea\u6709\u7576\u5b83\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u53c3\u8207\u5230\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52d9\u4e2d\u6642\u624d\u6703\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u516c\u5171\u4e8b\u52d9\u4eba\u5011\u624d\u7d44\u6210\u5718\u9ad4\u2014\u2014\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u5de5\u696d\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u6559\u5802\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u5718\u9ad4\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u201d\u9673\u8a55\u8ad6\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u500b\u53ea\u95dc\u5fc3\u500b\u4eba\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u9858\u671b\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u502b\u7406\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u5065\u5168\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5979\u7121\u6cd5\u8a8d\u8b58\u5230\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u793e\u6703\u6027\u3002\u201d\u5979\u63a5\u8457\u88dc\u5145\u9053\uff0c\u88ab\u525d\u596a\u653f\u6cbb\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u5177\u6709\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u54c1\u8cea\u662f\u8106\u5f31\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6c92\u6709\u627f\u64d4\u904e\u8cac\u4efb\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5b78\u4e0d\u6703\u8ca0\u8cac\u4efb\u5730\u884c\u52d5\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u904b\u6211\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u66fe\u8ad6\u53ca\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5177\u6709\u5169\u500b\u5c64\u9762\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u201c\u9069\u5ea6\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u201d(moderate perfectionism)\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u589e\u9032\u516c\u6c11\u666e\u904d\u5177\u6709\u7684\u7f8e\u5fb7\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5584\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u5ba3\u63da\u66f4\u82db\u523b\u7684\u3001\u5168\u7136\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u78ba\u5be6\u63a8\u5ee3\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\uff1a\u516c\u6c11\u61c9\u8a72\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e0d\u61c8\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u4f86\u63d0\u9ad8\u81ea\u8eab(\u9019\u548c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u6c38\u9060\u5411\u8056\u8ce2\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u6559\u5c0e\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4)\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u570b\u5bb6(\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u9053\u5fb7)\u7684\u5021\u5c0e\u61c9\u9650\u5236\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u6c34\u5e73\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u8868\u793a\u516c\u6c11\u5df2\u7d93\u201c\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u5584\u201d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u505c\u4e0b\u4f86\u4f11\u606f\u4e86\u3002\u8209\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u9078\u8209\u4f86\u53c3\u8207\u6bd4\u8d77\u50c5\u50c5\u5411\u50be\u807d\u8005\u8868\u9054\u89c0\u9ede\u66f4\u7a4d\u6975\u3001\u4e3b\u52d5\uff1b\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u9084\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u79ae\u7684\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b83\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u9673\u7d20\u82ac\u65b7\u8a00\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u5b78\u7fd2\u548c\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u5ee3\u6cdb\u800c\u7a4d\u6975\u5730\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9019\u500b\u65b7\u8a00\u5927\u9ad4\u4e0a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u5c31\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\uff1a\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u5fc5\u9808\u662f\u53c3\u8207\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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2. \u6839\u690d\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u50f9\u503c\u4e4b\u7368\u7acb\u6027\u7684\u53c3\u8207<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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3. \u690d\u6839\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9650\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u53c3\u8207<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\n\n\n\n

\u4e09\u3001\u9019\u662f\u5426\u7b97\u662f\u5112\u5bb6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1. \u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u4e0d\u548c\u8ae7\u6027<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u56b4\u5cfb\u7684\u8003\u9a57\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u662f\u5426\u8db3\u4ee5\u8868\u9054\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u6703\u554f\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u592a\u5f37\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u5c0e\u81f4\u53e4\u7279\u66fc(Amy Gutmann)\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u4e0d\u548c\u8ae7\u6027\u201d\u2014\u2014\u2014\u5018\u82e5\u679c\u771f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u662f\u5426\u9084\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u548c\u8ae7\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u70ba\u4e86\u56de\u61c9\u9019\u4e00\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u9996\u5148\u770b\u4e00\u770b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u4e0d\u548c\u8ae7\u6027\u201d\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u4e0d\u548c\u8ae7\uff0c\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u5728\u65bc\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6709\u6642\u5019\u662f\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u53e4\u7279\u66fc\u8ad6\u8b49\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7dca\u5f35\u7684\u7de9\u89e3\u9700\u8981\u8996\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u6703\u80fd\u5426\u5305\u542b\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u57fa\u65bc\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u3001\u7279\u5225\u5be9\u614e\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u800c\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684 \u9019\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u4ee5\u201c\u4eba\u5011\u901a\u904e\u5546\u8b70\u3001\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u3001\u8a55\u50f9\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fee\u8fad\u548c\u7406\u6027\u76f8\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u8aaa\u670d\u7b49\u624b\u6bb5\u5851\u9020\u79c1\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u9858\u671b\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u201d\u70ba\u5fc5\u8981\u689d\u4ef6\u3002\u57fa\u65bc\u5171\u6709\u4e4b\u81ea\u6cbb\u89c0\u7684\u5546\u8b70\u517c\u9867\u4e86\u5c0d\u4ed6\u8005\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u6b0a\u4ee5\u53ca\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u5851\u9020\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u201c\u50c5\u50c5\u901a\u904e\u5805\u6301\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u3001\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u9b25\u722d\u201d\u4f86\u8207\u4ed6\u8005\u767c\u751f\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u548c\u8ae7\u5c31\u6703\u524a\u5f31\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e0d\u548c\u8ae7\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6d88\u9664\u7684\u3002\u53e4\u7279\u66fc\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u63db\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u7f3a\u9677\u3001\u5224\u6c7a\u7684\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u9084\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

\u751a\u81f3\u751f\u6d3b\u65bc\u7406\u60f3\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u4e0d\u548c\u8ae7\u5f9e\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e2d\u6839\u9664\u3002\u4e0d\u548c\u8ae7\u6839\u690d\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u7dca\u5f35\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f60\u4ee5\u4f60\u8a8d\u70ba\u5408\u9069\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f60\u53c8\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u4ee5\u4f60\u8a8d\u70ba\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u9808\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5206\u4eab\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u63a1\u53d6\u4f60\u8a8d\u70ba\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u6b63\u5982\u5979\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u201c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u201d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u64fa\u812b\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u53ef\u901a\u7d04\u7684\u5584\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u885d\u7a81\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u548c\u8ae7\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u6027\u653f\u6cbb\u5982\u4f55\u5462\uff1f\u7576\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u518d\u8a8d\u70ba\u8056\u4eba\u9818\u8896\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5426\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e0d\u548c\u8ae7\u8b8a\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\uff1f\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u5be6\u8e10\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u56de\u7b54\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u5728\u53e4\u7279\u66fc\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u5112\u8005\u6703\u627f\u8a8d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u73fe\u5be6\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6d41\u78ba\u5be6\u5b58\u5728\u7f3a\u9677\uff0c\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u8aaa\u4eba\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u81f3\u5c11\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u5224\u6c7a\u7684\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u7528\u58a8\u5b50\u523b(Thomas Metzger)\u7684\u8a71\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u8655\u5883\u662f\u4e0d\u548c\u8ae7\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u6709\u201c\u4e0d\u548c\u8ae7\u97f3\u201d(dissonance)\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5be9\u614e\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5728\u5176\u50f9\u503c\u6839\u57fa\u8655\u653e\u7f6e\u81ea\u6cbb\u4fe1\u4ef0\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u5112\u5b78\u5247\u653e\u7f6e\u4e86\u5c0d\u548c\u8ae7\u7684\u5d07\u656c\u3002\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5920\u5b8c\u6574\u548c\u8ae7\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u5c07\u4f5c\u70ba\u7121\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u5617\u8a66\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4e88\u4ee5\u6d88\u6ec5\u3002\u90a3\u6a23\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u8aa4\u89e3\u4e86\u5d07\u656c\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5d07\u656c\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u610f\u5473\u8457\u6211\u5011\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u5730\u5be6\u73fe\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u3002 (\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u4e0d\u65b7\u8b8a\u5316\u3001\u4e0d\u65b7\u6e67\u73fe\u65b0\u7684\u6311\u6230\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u88e1\uff0c\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u548c\u8ae7\u201d \u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6642\u5019\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u5e7b\u8c61\u3002)\u7136\u800c\u7528\u5c0d\u548c\u8ae7\u7684\u5d07\u656c\u4ee3\u66ff\u5c0d\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u78ba\u5be6\u6703\u7522\u751f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u7576\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u628a \u201c\u8ffd\u5c0b\u548c\u8ae7\u201d \u4f5c\u70ba\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4f7f\u547d\u6642\uff0c\u201c\u4ee5\u4f60\u8a8d\u70ba\u5408\u9069\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6d3b\u201d\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\u4e16\u754c(\u5bec\u6cdb\u5730\u8aaa)\u6703\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u611f\u53ec\u529b\u3002\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u5982\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u4ee5\u4f60\u8a8d\u70ba\u5408\u9069\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6d3b\u201d \u81ea\u7136\u6703\u628a\u4e16\u754c\u8003\u616e\u5728\u5167\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u300a\u8ad6 \u8a9e\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b54\u5b50\u4e03\u5341\u6b72\u6642\u201c\u5f9e\u5fc3\u6240\u6b32\uff0c\u4e0d\u8e30\u77e9\u201d\u90a3\u6a23\u3002\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7684\u6975\u7aef\uff0c\u8056\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u53e4\u7279\u66fc\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5b8c\u4eba\u90a3\u88e1\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e0d\u548c\u8ae7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u7b49\u7d1a\u5236\u548c\u89d2\u8272<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\n\n\n\n

1. \u6bd4\u8f03\u53f2\u5929\u5065 (Shi Tianjian: Political Participation in Beijing, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997, P21)\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u53c3\u8207\u5b9a\u7fa9\u70ba\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u500b\u4eba\u65e8\u5728\u5f71\u97ff\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u884c\u52d5\u201d\u3002\u53f2\u5929\u5065\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5(\u539f\u5247\u4e0a)\u5141\u8a31\u76f8\u7576\u5927\u7684\u6c92\u6709\u653f\u5e9c\u56de\u61c9\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u3002\u5728\u6211\u7684\u66f4\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0d\u7b97\u505a\u201c\u53c3\u8207\u6027\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u3002 \u201c\u56de\u61c9\u201d\u4e26\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u5e9c\u53cd\u6620\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7406\u7531\u8aaa\u660e\u516c\u6c11\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u6eff\u8db3\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u5011\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5411\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u958b\u653e\uff0c\u5c31\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u56de\u61c9\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u7f85\u723e\u65af: The Law of Peoples, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u9084\u53ef\u53c3\u898b\u8a72\u66f8\u7b2c180~181\u9801\uff0c\u9673\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u8aaa\uff0c\u6539\u9020\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\u201c\u8981\u6c42\u5404\u7a2e\u5c0d\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u611f\u8b1dSteven Geisz\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u6566\u4fc3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u5728\u6211\u7684\u624b\u7a3f\u300a\u8056\u8ce2\uff1a\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u502b\u7406\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u7fa9\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u5112\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u514b\u670d\u9053\u5fb7\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cChristine Swanton\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u8207\u6b64\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u88dc\u5145\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u7f8e\u5fb7\u502b\u7406\u89e3\u6c7a\u554f\u984c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u901a\u904e\u201c\u689d\u4ef6\u7d9c\u5408(constraint integration)\u201d\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\uff1b\u201c\u7531\u65bc\u8f49\u5316\u5f8c\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u5316\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u66f4\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u7b49\u7d1a\u6b21\u5e8f\u4e0a\u7372\u5f97\u6eff\u8db3\uff0c\u689d\u4ef6\u8b8a\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6613\u65bc\u5be6\u65bd\u201d\u3002\u898bSwanton: Virtue Ethics: A Pluralistic View, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003, p.255.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. \u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u8981\u6c42\u5c0d\u4eba\u6c11\u9032\u884c\u771f\u6b63\u4f46\u537b\u6709\u9650\u7684\u201c\u6559\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6559\u5316\u5305\u62ec\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7f8e\u5fb7\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5171\u540c\u7d44\u6210\u4e86\u6700\u5c0f\u4e26\u666e\u904d\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u3002\u898b\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\uff1a\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u9053\u5fb7\u300b\uff0c\u5b78\u751f\u66f8\u5c401991\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c 126 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. \u9019\u986f\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u76f8\u7576\u5171\u8b58\u3002 Henry Shue \u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u201c\u57fa\u672c\u201d\u6b0a\u5229\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u5b58\u7684\u3002\u898b Henry Shue: Basic Rights, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1996, \u4ee5\u53ca\u5b89\u9756 \u5982\uff1a\u201cDecent Democratic Centralism\u201d\uff0c\u8f09 Political Theory, 33:4, 2005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. \u95dc\u65bc\u6c11\u4e3b\u96c6\u4e2d\u88fd\u7684\u512a\u7f3a\u9ede,\u53ef\u53c3\u898b\u5b89\u9756\u5982\uff1a\u201cDecent Democratic Centralism\u201d\uff0c\u8f09Political Theory, 33:4, 2005; \u201cMust We Choose Our Leaders? Human Rights and Political Participation in China\u201d\uff0c\u8f09 Journal of Global Ethics, 1:2, 2005\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Taru Salmenkari: Democracy, Participation, and Deliberation in China: The Discussion in the Official Chinese Press, 1978-1981, Helsinki: Finnish Oriental Society, 2006\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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