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\u4e8c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\n

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\n\n\n\n

\u4e09<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u9032\u8def\u6709\u8457\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u5be6\u8e10\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5c07\u6b0a\u5229\u690d\u6839\u65bc\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e2d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5f7c\u6b64\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6240\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u793e\u7fa4\uff08\u5f9e\u5bb6\u5ead\u958b\u59cb\uff09\u4e5f\u76f8\u4e92\u7d50\u5408\u3002\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u6bd4\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u72c0\u614b\u201d\u6216\u662f\u201c\u7121\u77e5\u4e4b\u5e55\u201d\u601d\u60f3\u5be6\u9a57\uff08thought experiments\uff09\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u5be6\u969b\uff0c\u5f8c\u5169\u8005\u8981\u4e48\u932f\u8aa4\u5730\u5047\u8a2d\u4eba\u662f\u5206\u96e2\u7684\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u932f\u8aa4\u5730\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u601d\u8003\u5fd8\u6389\u6240\u53d7\u4e4b\u57f9\u990a\u6216\u8005\u4eba\u969b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8cf4\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u9032\u8def\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u5b83\u627f\u8afe\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u897f\u65b9\u4e3b\u5f35\u548c\u897f\u65b9\u512a\u5148\u6b0a\u7684\u5168\u65b0\u8a55\u50f9\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5112\u8005\u66f4\u80fd\u524d\u5f8c\u4e00\u81f4\u5730\u770b\u5230\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u6b0a\u5229\u8207\u5584\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u771f\u610f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b0a\u5229\u548c\u7fa9\u52d9\u5728\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u793e\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1. \u53c3\u770b\u5b89\u6a02\u54f2\uff08Roger T. Ames\uff09\u7684\u300a\u7e7c\u7e8c\u95dc\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u5c0d\u8a71\u300b\uff08\u201cContinuing the Conversation on Chinese Human Rights\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u502b\u7406\u8207\u570b\u969b\u4e8b\u52d9\u300b\uff08Ethics & International Affairs<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c11\u8f2f\uff0c1997\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c177\uff5e205\u9801\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4ed6\u8ad6\u8b49\u4e86\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u5c0d\u4eba\u6b0a\u63a2\u8a0e\u4f5c\u51fa\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u70ba\u4f55\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u570b\u969b\u4eba\u6b0a\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6642\u5019\u8003\u616e\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u540c\u6642\u53c3\u770b\u76ae\u6587\u777f\uff08R. Peerenboom\uff09\u7684\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u6b63\u7fa9\uff1a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u793e\u6703\u300b\uff08\u201cConfucian Justice: Achieving a Humane Society\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u570b\u969b\u54f2\u5b78\u5b63\u520a\u300b\uff08International Philosophical Quarterly<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c30\u8f2f\uff0c1990\u5e74\u7b2c1\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c17\uff5e32\u9801\u3002\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\u4ed6\u53cd\u99c1\u4e86\u5951\u7d04\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u7684\u6b63\u7fa9\u89c0\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6b63\u7fa9\u89c0\u6cbf\u81ea\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u5373\u500b\u4eba\u662f\u53cd\u793e\u6703\u7684\u3001\u901a\u904e\u76f8\u4e92\u7af6\u722d\u4f86\u7372\u53d6\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5728\u76ae\u6587\u777f\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u9ad4\u73fe\u65bc\u6b0a\u5229\u8a71\u8a9e\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u6b63\u7fa9\u89c0\uff0c\u69cb\u60f3\u7684\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u6190\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u524d\u666f\uff0c\u800c\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u537b\u80fd\u4f7f\u500b\u4eba\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\u5be6\u73fe\u5176\u5404\u7a2e\u6f5b\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u9673\u7956\u70ba\uff1a\u300a\u7576\u4ee3\u4e2d\u570b\u5112\u5bb6\u4eba\u6b0a\u89c0\u521d\u63a2\u300b\uff08\u201cA Confucian Perspective on Human Rights for Contemporary China\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u8f09J. R.\u9b91\u723e\uff08J. R. Bauer\uff09\u548c\u8c9d\u6de1\u5be7\uff08D. A. Bell\uff09\u7de8\uff1a\u300a\u6771\u4e9e\u5c0d\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u6311\u6230\u300b\uff08The East Asian Challenge for Human Rights<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u528d\u6a4b\uff1a\u528d\u6a4b\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e1999\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c212\uff5e237\u9801\u3002\u8a72\u6587\u4ea6\u6536\u5165\u672c\u8ad6\u6587\u96c6\u2014\u2014\u8b6f\u8005\u8a3b\u3002\u5c0d\u6587\u5316\u9032\u8def\u7684\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u53c3\u770bY. \u52a0\u4f0a\uff08Y. Ghai\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u4eba\u6b0a\u8207\u7d71\u6cbb\uff1a\u4e9e\u6d32\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u300b\uff08\u201cHuman Rights and Governance: The Asia Debate\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u8f09\u300a\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9e\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u5e74\u9451\u300b\uff08The Australian Year Book of International Law<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c15\u8f2f\uff0c1994\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c1\uff5e34\u9801\uff1b\u4ee5\u53caJ.\u5510\u7d0d\u5229\uff08J. Donnelly\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u4eba\u6b0a\u8207\u6771\u4e9e\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\uff1a\u5c0d\u2018\u897f\u65b9\u2019\u666e\u4e16\u8ad6\u7684\u8faf\u8b77\u300b\uff08\u201cHuman Rights and Asian Values: A Defence of \u2018Western\u2019 Universalism\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u898b\u300a\u6771\u4e9e\u5c0d\u4eba\u6b0a\u7684\u6311\u6230\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c60\uff5e87\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u9673\u7956\u70ba\uff1a\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u81ea\u4e3b\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u300b\uff08\u201cMoral Autonomy, Civil Liberties, and Confucianism\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u8f09\u300a\u6771\u897f\u65b9\u54f2\u5b78\u300b\uff08Philosophy East & West<\/em>\uff09\u7b2c52\u8f2f\uff0c2002\u5e74\u7b2c3\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c281\uff5e310\u9801\u3002\u540c\u6642\u53c3\u770b\u827e\u59c6\u5e03\u9b6f\u65af\u00b7\u91d1\uff08Ambrose Y. C. King\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u548c\u96c6\u9ad4\uff1a\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u300b\uff08\u201cThe Individual and Group in Confucianism: A Relational Perspective\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u898b\u5b5f\u65e6\uff08D. Munro\uff09\u7de8\uff1a\u300a\u500b\u4eba\u8ad6\u8207\u6574\u9ad4\u8ad6\uff1a\u5112\u5bb6\u8207\u9053\u5bb6\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08Individualism and Holism: Studies in Confucian and Taoist Values<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u5b89\u96c5\u5821\uff1a\u5bc6\u897f\u6839\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e1985\u5e74\u7248\u3002\u91d1\u8aaa\u201c\u5112\u5bb6\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4f5c\u70ba\u6a21\u7bc4\u7684\u500b\u4eba\uff08\u541b\u5b50\uff09\u662f\u80fd\u5920\u9802\u8457\u5927\u773e\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u800c\u884c\u70ba\u7684\uff0857\u9801\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u91d1\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8072\u7a31\uff0c\u5728\u8d85\u51fa\u4e94\u502b\uff08\u541b\u81e3\u3001\u7236\u5b50\u3001\u592b\u5a66\u3001\u5144\u5f1f\u4ee5\u53ca\u670b\u53cb\uff09\u6240\u5b9a\u7fa9\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3001\u9032\u5165\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\u6642\uff0c\u541b\u5b50\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7121\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u201c\u5112\u5bb6\u5178\u7bc4\u6c92\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\u2018\u6709\u6548\u806f\u7e6b\u65b9\u5f0f\u2019\u201d\uff0865\u9801\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\u980158\u91d1\u5c0d\u4e94\u502b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u52a0\u4f0a\uff1a\u300a\u4eba\u6b0a\u8207\u7d71\u6cbb\uff1a\u4e9e\u6d32\u7684\u8faf\u8ad6\u300b\uff0c\u8f09\u300a\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9e\u570b\u969b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5e74\u9451\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c15\u8f2f\uff0c1994\u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c1\uff5e34\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. \u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u9673\u7956\u70ba\u5c0d\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u9019\u4e00\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u91cd\u69cb\uff08\u5982\u300a\u9053\u5fb7\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u81ea\u7531\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\uff09\u5c31\u6709\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. \u9ea5\u723e\u767b\uff1a\u300a\u6b0a\u5229\u8207\u4eba\u300b\uff08Rights and Persons<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u548c\u6d1b\u6749\u78ef\uff1a\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5229\u4e9e\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e1977\u5e74\u7248\u3002\u6240\u6709\u7684\u9801\u78bc\u8a3b\u91cb\u5747\u4ee5\u63d2\u5165\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4ea4\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. \u6211\u5c0d\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u9650\u5236\u5728\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u54f2\u5b78\u8a18\u8ff0\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u3002\u9664\u975e\u53e6\u5916\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\u90fd\u4f86\u81ea\u5b89\u6a02\u54f2\u548c\u7f85\u65af\u6587\uff08H. Rosemont\uff0cJr.\uff09\u8b6f\uff1a\u300a\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u8ad6\u8a9e\uff1a\u4e00\u7a2e\u54f2\u5b78\u6027\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\u300b\uff08The Analects of Confucius: A Philosophical Translation<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u7d10\u7d04\uff1a\u767e\u9f61\u58c7\uff08Ballantine\uff091988\u5e74\u3002\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u9019\u4e00\u6b77\u53f2\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u5c0d\u4eca\u5929\u773e\u591a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u5e36\u4f86\u6df1\u9060\u542b\u7fa9\uff0c\u9650\u65bc\u672c\u6587\u7bc7\u5e45\u6240\u9650\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u4e0d\u52a0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. \u5b54\u5b50\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u5b5d\u9806\u548c\u656c\u611b\u5144\u9577\u662f\u4eba\u9053\uff08\u4ec1\u2014\u2014\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u9053\u5fb7\uff09\u7684\u6839\u672c\u3002\u201d\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u00b7\u5b78\u800c\u300b2\u7bc0\u3002\u540c\u6642\u53c3\u770b\u300a\u96cd\u4e5f\u300b30\u7bc0\u3001\u300a\u984f\u6df5\u300b22\u7bc0\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u5b50\u8def\u300b19\u7bc0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u90fd\u9ad4\u73fe\u4e86\u5112\u5bb6\u5c07\u4eba\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e4b\u611b\u63a8\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. \u827e\u59c6\u5e03\u9b6f\u65af\u00b7\u91d1\u5728\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u548c\u96c6\u9ad4\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u5b5d\u9053\u662f\u500b\u4eba\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5112\u5bb6\u6559\u8aa8\u4e2d\u9084\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u5316\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u2018\u5b5d\u9053\u662f\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u570b\u5360\u4e3b\u5c0e\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u7279\u6027\u7684\u6e90\u6cc9\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6839\u672c\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5f62\u50cf\u90fd\u4f9d\u6b64\u63a5\u53d7\u8a55\u5224\u3002\u2019\u201d\uff08\u7b2c58\u9801\uff09\u8a31\u70fa\u5149\uff08Francis L.K. Hsu\uff09\u5728\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u53ca\u5176\u6587\u5316\u8868\u73fe\u300b\uff08\u201cConfucianism and Its Culturally Determined Manifestations\u201d\uff09\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u6703\u7d44\u7e54\u4ee5\u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u89aa\u5c6c\u95dc\u4fc2\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5805\u6301\u4ee5\u5b5d\u9053\u4f5c\u70ba\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7f8e\u5fb7\uff0c\u5f9e\u8aa0\u5be6\u5230\u5c0d\u4f34\u4fb6\u7684\u95dc\u611b\uff0c\u5f9e\u5c0d\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u5fe0\u5fc3\u5230\u62bd\u8c61\u539f\u5247\u4e2d\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5f9e\u5c6c\u65bc\u9019\u4e00\u6839\u672c\u9053\u5fb7\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u53d7\u5176\u4fee\u98fe\uff0c\u53d7\u5176\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u5176\u6452\u9664\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u662f\u5426\u88ab\u8a8d\u53ef\u9996\u5148\u8981\u6839\u64da\u5979\u662f\u5426\u4ee4\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u9ad8\u8208\uff1b\u5c0d\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u8077\u8cac\u88ab\u653e\u5728\u5b88\u5b5d\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5c0d\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u4e4b\u5f8c\u3002\u201d\uff08\u898b\u6c83\u723e\u7279\u00b7\u65af\u6d1b\u7279[Walter H. Slote]\u7de8\uff1a\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u2014\u6587\u5316\u52d5\u614b\u300b[The Psycho-Cultural Dynamics of the Confucian Family<\/em>]\uff0c\u9996\u723e\uff1a\u97d3\u570b\u570b\u969b\u6587\u5316\u5354\u67031986\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c33\u9801\uff09\u95dc\u65bc\u5b5d\u9053\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u8acb\u770b\u5927\u885b\u00b7\u55ac\u4e39\uff08David K. Jordan\uff09\u7684\u300a\u53f0\u7063\u7684\u6c11\u9593\u5b5d\u884c\uff1a\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u500b\u5b5d\u5b50\u5178\u7bc4\u300b\uff0c\u8f09\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u2014\u6587\u5316\u52d5\u614b\u300b\uff0c\u540c\u4e0a\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u55ac\u4e39\u6587\u4e2d\u9644\u9304\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u5b5d\u5b50\u5178\u7bc4\uff0c\u7b2c82\uff5e94\u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. \u675c\u7dad\u660e\u5728\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u4eba\u9053\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u4e94\u502b\u7684\u63a2\u8a0e\u300b\uff08\u201cAn Inquiry on the Five Relationships in Confucian Humanism\u201d\uff09\u4e2d\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u96d9\u5411\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u4e94\u7a2e\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff08\u7236\u6bcd\u8207\u5b50\u5973\u3001\u592b\u5a66\u3001\u5144\u5f1f\u59d0\u59b9\u3001\u670b\u53cb\u4ee5\u53ca\u541b\u81e3\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u53d7\u4e92\u60e0\u539f\u5247\u7684\u4e3b\u5c0e\u2026\u2026\uff08\u9019\u7a2e\uff09\u539f\u5247\u5373\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u61c9\u8a72\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u9858\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u5c0d\u5f85\u4ed6\u4eba\u9019\u4e00\u95dc\u9375\u6027\u610f\u8b58\u2026\u2026\uff08\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u610f\u8b58\uff09\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u990a\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002\u201d\uff08\u8f09\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u2014\u6587\u5316\u52d5\u614b\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c179\u9801\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u53c3\u7b2c183\u9801\uff0c\u62ec\u865f\u5167\u70ba\u6211\u7684\u63d2\u5165\u8a9e\uff09\u3002\u540c\u6642\u53c3\u770b\u8a3b\u91cb3\u4e2d\u827e\u59c6\u5e03\u9b6f\u65af\u00b7\u91d1\u95dc\u65bc\u4e94\u8ad6\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. \u5c0d\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b\u4e2d\u4ec1<\/strong>\u7684\u4e09\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u53c3\u770b\u62d9\u4f5c\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u502b\u7406\u91cd\u69cb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u300b\uff08\u201cAristotle in the Reconstruction of Confucian Ethics\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u8f09\u300a\u570b\u969b\u54f2\u5b78\u5b63\u520a\u300b\uff08International Philosophical Quarterly<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c41\u8f2f\uff0c2001\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c453\uff5e468\u9801\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8a3b\u91cb5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. \u5728\u5b54\u5b50\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u7531\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u6d41\u50b3\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u5100\u5f0f\uff08\u79ae\u5100\uff0c\u79ae\uff09\u6240\u898f\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u9031\u76e3\u65bc\u4e8c\u4ee3\uff0c\u9b31\u9b31\u4e4e\u6587\u54c9\uff01\u543e\u5f9e\u5468\u201d\uff08\u300a\u516b\u4f7e\u300b14\u7bc0\uff09\u3002\u5c0d\u5b54\u5b50\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u6587\u5316\u548c\u8a69\u6b4c\uff08\u300a\u8a69\u300b<\/strong>\uff09\u4e26\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u4e2d\u90fd\u9075\u5b88\u79ae\u5100\u662f\u4f7f\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u6210\u70ba\u64c1\u6709\u4ec1<\/strong>\u7684\u541b\u5b50<\/strong>\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u6977\u6a21\u7684\u9014\u5f91\uff08\u300a\u967d\u8ca8\u300b9\u7bc0\uff0c\u300a\u984f\u6df5\u300b1\u7bc0\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u8a69\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8208\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7fa4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6028\u3002\u9087\u4e4b\u4e8b\u7236\uff0c\u9060\u4e4b\u4e8b\u541b\uff0c\u591a\u8b58\u65bc\u9ce5\u7378\u8349\u6728\u4e4b\u540d\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u967d\u8ca8\u300b9\u7bc0\uff09\u4ed6\u9084\u88dc\u5145\u8aaa\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4e0d\u8981\u770b\u3001\u4e0d\u8981\u807d\u3001\u4e0d\u8981\u8aaa\u3001\u4e0d\u8981\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u79ae\u5100\uff08\u79ae<\/strong>\uff09\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff08\u300a\u984f\u6df5\u300b1\u7bc0\uff09\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u95dc\u65bc\u79ae<\/strong>\u8207\u4ec1<\/strong>\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u53c3\u770b\u62d9\u4f5c\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u502b\u7406\u91cd\u69cb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u300b\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u8a3b\u91cb41\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u62d9\u4f5c\u300a\u5b54\u5b50\u548c\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u502b\u7406\u81ea\u6211\u300b\uff08\u201cThe Moral Self in Confucius and Aristotle\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u570b\u969b\u54f2\u5b78\u5b63\u520a\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c43\u8f2f\uff0c2003\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c439\uff5e462\u9801\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u8a3b\u91cb33\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13. \u7576\u4ee3\u5112\u8005\u548c\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u5c0d\u5b54\u5b50\u5c0d\u79ae\u7684\u4e0d\u65b7\u8a34\u6c42\u4e2d\u6240\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u8907\u53e4\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u6301\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u898b\u3002\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u8a34\u6c42\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u5c0d\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u5f37\u70c8\u4f9d\u8cf4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5177\u6709\u6fc3\u539a\u7684\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u7fa9\u50be\u5411\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5247\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u3002\u90dd\u5927\u70ba\uff08D. Hall\uff09\u548c\u5b89\u6a02\u54f2\u751a\u81f3\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c0d\u79ae<\/strong>\u7684\u8654\u8aa0\u8a34\u6c42\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5275\u9020\u6027\u7684\u8a34\u6c42\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u6539\u8b8a\u73fe\u5b58\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u90dd\u5927\u70ba\u548c\u5b89\u6a02\u54f2\u5c0d\u6b64\u554f\u984c\u4e4b\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u53c3\u770b\u62d9\u4f5c\uff1a\u300a\u3008\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u3009\u8207\u3008\u4e2d\u5eb8\u3009\u4e2d\u7684\u548c\u8ae7\u8207\u4e2d\u9053\u300b\uff08\u201cHarmony and the Mean in the Nicomachean Ethics<\/em> and the Zhongyong<\/em>\u201d\uff09\u4e00\u6587\uff0c\u898b\u300a\u9053\uff1a\u6bd4\u8f03\u54f2\u5b78\u5b78\u520a\u300b\uff08Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c3\u8f2f\uff0c2004\u5e74\u7b2c2\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c253\uff5e280\u9801\u3002\u6211\u8d0a\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u8f03\u70ba\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u8a6e\u91cb\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u79ae\u5100\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6709\u8abf\u6574\u751a\u81f3\u5076\u723e\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u57fa\u65bc\u5c0d\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5169\u500b\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u6b23\u8cde\u800c\u53ef\u88ab\u770b\u505a\u662f\u50b3\u7d71\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u4eba\u9053\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u9ad8\u5c1a\u662f\u4e0d\u7a69\u56fa\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u4fc3\u9032\u9019\u4e9b\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5468\u79ae\uff09\u662f\u7f55\u898b\u7684\u73cd\u5bf6\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u6700\u5c11\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed4\u7d30\u5730\u5475\u8b77\u548c\u57f9\u990a\u3002\u53c3\u770b\u62d9\u4f5c\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u502b\u7406\u91cd\u69cb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u300b\u4e2d\u95dc\u65bc\u8f03\u70ba\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\u5bb6\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14. \u9ea5\u723e\u767b\u7d93\u5e38\u8aaa\u5230\u8ffd\u6c42\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u73fe\u4ee3\u81ea\u7531\u793e\u6703\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u5b54\u5b50\u4f86\u8aaa\u537b\u4e0d\u90a3\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5c31\u627f\u8afe\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u627f\u8afe\u8005\u6c92\u80fd\u5c65\u884c\u5176\u8cac\u4efb\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u53d7\u627f\u8afe\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5f8c\u8005\u8ffd\u6c42\u5176\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff08\u9ea5\u723e\u767b\u8a8d\u70ba\u4f5c\u70ba\u4eba\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u9019\u9805\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u7b2c76\u9801\uff0c78\uff5e79\u9801\uff09\u88ab\u640d\u5bb3\u4e86\u3002\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u504f\u597d\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u7b46\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u6b21\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u6c92\u6709\u6697\u793a\u4e00\u7a2e\u666e\u904d\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u6211\u5c07\u5728\u4e0b\u6587\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5229\u76ca\u8207\u5584\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15. \u00a0\u5b54\u5b50\u5f37\u8abf\u6307\u5c0e\u6027\u79ae\u5100\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f5c\u70ba\u9053\u5fb7\u699c\u6a23\u7684\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u53c3\u770b\u62d9\u4f5c\u300a\u3008\u502b\u7406\u5b78\u3009\u8207\u3008\u4e2d\u5eb8\u3009\u4e2d\u7684\u548c\u8ae7\u8207\u4e2d\u9053\u300b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u5b54\u5b50\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u89c0\u4e2d\u9019\u4e00\u96d9\u91cd\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u9ea5\u723e\u767b\u4e26\u4e0d\u63a8\u85a6\u5b54\u5b50\u9019\u5957\u6559\u80b2\u4eba\u5011\u5c65\u884c\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u8d0a\u540c\u5bb6\u5ead\u662f\u5b55\u80b2\u5404\u7a2e\u9053\u5fb7\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u57fa\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16. \u9ea5\u723e\u767b\u62d2\u7d55\u4f9d\u9760\u898f\u5247\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u898f\u5247\u5f80\u5f80\u7121\u8996\u4eba\u5011\u6240\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002 \uff08\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u8a66\u5716\u5728\u898f\u5247\u4e2d\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u8b8a\u5316\u9032\u884c\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u90a3\u5c07\u662f\u5341\u5206\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\uff09\u500b\u4eba\u6240\u7d93\u6b77\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u8b8a\u5316\u6703\u6539\u8b8a\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u548c\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5b69\u5b50\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u8207\u4e00\u500b\u6210\u5e74\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u5c0d\u5176\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u548c\u7fa9\u52d9\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

17. \u53c3\u770b\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u00b7\u5b50\u8def\u300b18\u7bc0\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u5b54\u5b50\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u6703\u8209\u5831\u5176\u7236\u89aa\u7684\u5077\u7aca\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u540c\u6642\u53c3\u770b\u6211\u5728\u8a3b\u91cb9\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u8a31\u70fa\u5149\u548c\u5927\u885b\u00b7\u55ac\u4e39\u5c0d\u5b5d\u9053\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18. \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u541b\u4e8b\u81e3\u4ee5\u79ae\uff0c\u81e3\u4e8b\u541b\u4ee5\u5fe0\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u516b\u4f7e\u300b19\u7bc0\uff0c\u53c3\u770b\u300a\u984f\u6df5\u300b11\u548c16\u7bc0\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19. \u53c3\u770b\u90dd\u5927\u70ba\u548c\u5b89\u6a02\u54f2\uff1a\u300a\u5b54\u5b50\u601d\u5fae\u300b\uff0c\u7b2c95\uff5e96\u9801\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u541b\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u884c\u70ba\u4e2d\u61c9\u7576\u6ce8\u610f\u5be6\u969b\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e26\u5275\u9020\u6027\u904b\u7528\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u6b7b\u5b88\u898f\u5247\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20. \u95dc\u65bc\u300a\u8ad6\u8a9e\u300b\u4e2d\u4e09\u7a2e\u542b\u7fa9\u7684\u201c\u7fa9\u201d\u7684\u8a73\u76e1\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u53c3\u770b\u62d9\u4f5c\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u9053\u5fb7\u91cd\u69cb\u4e2d\u7684\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u300b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8a3b\u91cb14\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21. \u5b54\u5b50\u8a8d\u70ba\u7f8e\u5fb7\u6709\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u50cf\u9b54\u8853\u4e00\u6a23\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u793e\u6703\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u4e0a\u597d\u79ae\uff0c\u5247\u6c11\u83ab\u6562\u4e0d\u656c\uff1b\u4e0a\u597d\u7fa9\uff0c\u5247\u6c11\u83ab\u6562\u4e0d\u670d\uff1b\u4e0a\u597d\u4fe1\uff0c\u5247\u6c11\u83ab\u6562\u4e0d\u7528\u60c5\u3002\u592b\u5982\u662f\uff0c\u5247\u56db\u65b9\u4e4b\u6c11\u8941\u8ca0\u5176\u5b50\u800c\u81f3\u77e3\u3002\u201d\uff08\u300a\u516b\u4f7e\u300b14\u7bc0\uff0c\u53c3\u770b\u300a\u984f\u6df5\u300b17\u7bc0\uff0c\u300a\u70ba\u653f\u300b20\u7bc0\uff09\u3002\u53c3\u770b\u62d9\u4f5c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u65e9\u671f\u79d1\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u79ae\u5100\u548c\u73fe\u5be6\u6027\u300b\uff08\u201cRitual and Realism in Early Chinese Science\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u5b78\u520a\u300b\uff08Journal of Chinese<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c29\u8f2f\uff0c2002\u5e74\u7b2c4\u671f\uff0c\u7b2c501\uff5e523\u9801\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7f8e\u5fb7\u5c0d\u5b54\u5b50\u4f86\u8b1b\u5177\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u5927\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

22. \u5728\u6211\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7e3d\u8ad6\u9ede\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u516c\u6c11\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8a00\u8ad6\u8207\u96c6\u6703\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u8af8\u5982\u8ca1\u7522\u6b0a\u548c\u201c\u767c\u5c55\u6b0a\u201d\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u5c07\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5728\u5225\u8655\u518d\u4f5c\u8ad6\u8b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

23. \u5728\u9019\u500b\u9053\u5fb7\u554f\u984c\u4e2d\u6697\u85cf\u8457\u4e00\u500b\u672c\u9ad4\u8ad6\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5373\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u89c0\u662f\u5426\u627f\u8a8d\u9664\u89d2\u8272\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u8a8d\u70ba\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u201d\u5df2\u88ab\u5176\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u95dc\u4fc2\u6240\u7aae\u76e1\u3002\u6211\u5728\u62d9\u4f5c\u300a\u5b54\u5b50\u548c\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u81ea\u6211\u300b\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u904e\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

24. \u95dc\u65bc\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6b0a\u5229\u662f\u7f8e\u5fb7\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f9e\u4e2d\u63a8\u51fa\u516c\u6c11\u6b0a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u53c3\u770bC. W.\u5fb7\u99ac\u79d1\uff08C. W. DeMarco\uff09\uff1a\u300a\u7406\u6027\u8207\u9053\u5fb7\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u6279\u5224\u6027\u7684\u95e1\u91cb\u300b\uff08\u201cReason and Morality: A Critical Exposition\u201d\uff09\uff08\u78a9\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5927\u5b78\uff0c1986\u5e74\uff0c\u5c0e\u5e2b\uff1aTony Cua\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

25. \u65e2\u7136\u6211\u5011\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u57f9\u80b2\u81ea\u8eab\u4e4b\u4ec1\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\uff0c\u64da\u6b64\u7406\u8ad6\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u6709\u5c0d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u3002\u6211\u628a\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u5148\u64f1\u7f6e\u4e00\u908a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

26. \u5b54\u5b50\u4e0d\u4f8d\u5949\u4e00\u500b\u8150\u673d\u653f\u6b0a\u7684\u4e3b\u5f35\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u6e96\u5099\u597d\u53cd\u5c0d\u4e0d\u4ec1\u6148\u7684\u5bb6\u9577\u5f0f\u653f\u5e9c\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u300a\u6cf0\u4f2f\u300b13\u7bc0\uff0c\u300a\u885b\u9748\u516c\u300b7\u7bc0\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5ac1\u63a5\u66f4\u7a4d\u6975\u5112\u5bb6\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u6709\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u4ed6\u95dc\u65bc\u201c\u4eba\u80fd\u5f18\u9053\uff0c\u975e\u9053\u5f18\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff08\u300a\u885b\u9748\u516c\u300b29\u7bc0\uff09\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4eba\u662f\u8b8a\u5316\u548c\u9053\u7684\u6e90\u6cc9\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\uff082\uff09\u4ed6\u8072\u7a31\u201c\u7576\u4ec1\uff0c\u4e0d\u8b93\u65bc\u5e2b\u201d\uff08\u300a\u885b\u9748\u516c\u300b36\u7bc0\uff09\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u7121\u9700\u76f2\u76ee\u5730\u656c\u754f\u6b0a\u5a01\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

27. \u6211\u6c92\u6709\u8aaa\u201c\u9078\u8209\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u201d\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u9ad4\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u7aae\u76e1\u4ee3\u8b70\u5236\u653f\u9ad4\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002 \uff08\u898b\u8c9d\u6de1\u5be7\u7684\u300a\u6771\u65b9\u9082\u9005\u897f\u65b9\uff1a\u6771\u4e9e\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u300b\uff0c\u7d10\u7d04\u3001\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813\uff1a\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e2000\u5e74\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c114\uff5e116\u9801\u4ee5\u53ca186\u9801\u95dc\u65bc\u975e\u6c11\u4e3b\u653f\u5e9c\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ee3\u8b70\u5236\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\uff09\u95dc\u65bc\u201c\u5c0d\u653f\u5e9c\u6295\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u7968\u201d\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7d93\u8db3\u5920\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5373\u4fbf\u5728\u6709\u9078\u8209\uff08\u90a3\u80af\u5b9a\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u201d\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u7531\u5b98\u65b9\u6a5f\u69cb\u6388\u4e88\u7684\uff09\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u4e5f\u7121\u9700\u653e\u68c4\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u53c3\u770b\u9ece\u5b89\u53cb\uff08A. Nathan\uff09\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u5229\u300b\uff08\u201cPolitical Rights in Chinese Constitutions\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u8f09R. R.\u611b\u5fb7\u83ef\u8332\uff08R. R. Edwards\uff09\u3001L.\u4ea8\u91d1\uff08L. Henkin\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ece\u5b89\u53cb\u7de8\uff1a\u300a\u7576\u4ee3\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u300b\uff08Human Rights in Contemporary China<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u7d10\u7d04\uff1a\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e1986\u7248\uff0c\u7b2c77\uff5e124\u9801\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u81ea\u6e05\u4ee3\u4ee5\u4f86\u4e2d\u570b\u61b2\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u9078\u8209\u6b0a\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u540c\u6642\u53c3\u770b\u5091\u514b\u00b7\u591a\u7d0d\u5229\uff08Jack Donnelly\uff09\u7684\u300a\u4eba\u6b0a\u8207\u4e9e\u6d32\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u300b\uff08\u201cHuman Rights and Asian Values\u201d\uff09\u4e2d\u95dc\u65bc\u541b\u4e3b\u5236\u7406\u60f3\u8207\u9078\u8209\u6b0a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u7562\u7adf\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u9078\u8209\u7522\u751f\u7684\u541b\u4e3b\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u541b\u4e3b\u653f\u9ad4\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u8a00\u8ad6\u3001\u96c6\u6703\u548c\u201c\u4ee3\u8b70\u201d\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u8a00\u8fad\u4e0d\u662f\u90a3\u7a2e\u80fd\u51fa\u81ea\u5b54\u8056\u4eba\u4e4b\u53e3\u7684\u8a00\u8fad\u3002\u6211\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u4e00\u8cab\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u662f\u9019\u7a2e\u6b0a\u5229\u9032\u8def\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b54\u5b50\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u8ad6\u8ff0\u53ea\u662f\u8a66\u5716\u5efa\u7acb\u5112\u5b78\u9032\u8def\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u9032\u8def\u662f\u5426\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u8981<\/strong>\u65b7\u5b9a\u8a31\u591a\u6216\u662f\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6b0a\u5229\u70ba\u6839\u672c\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u5f85\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

28. \u57fa\u65bc\u9700\u8981\u9053\u5fb7\u9818\u8896\u7684\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ee3\u8b70\u5236\u653f\u9ad4\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u8aaa\u660e\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u9032\u8def\u80fd\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u8ad6\u5927\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5c31\u5728\u65bc\u78ba\u4fdd\u500b\u9ad4\u5c0d\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9632\u6b62\u500b\u9ad4\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u8ffd\u6c42\u7522\u751f\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u4ee3\u8b70\u5236\u653f\u5e9c\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u8ffd\u6c42\u500b\u4eba\u504f\u597d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u9032\u8def\u4e0d\u6703\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5141\u8a31\u5982\u6b64\u591a\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u504f\u597d\u53d6\u4ee3\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5584\uff08\u53c3\u770b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cL. \u4ea8\u91d1\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u89c0\u300b[\u201cThe Human Rights Idea in China\u201d]\uff0c\u898b\u300a\u7576\u4ee3\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\u300b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u980136\uff5e37\u95dc\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u6b0a\u5229\u5f9e\u5c6c\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u4e4b\u5584\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u61c9\u7576\u6703\u5141\u8a31\u4e26\u9f13\u52f5\u5c0d\u5584\u4e4b\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u591a\u5143\u8868\u9054\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u901a\u5411\u7f8e\u5fb7\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u2014\u2014\u5c04\u3001\u6a02\u3001\u8a69\u548c\u5b78\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cbb\u570b\u7684\u624d\u80fd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5112\u5bb6\u5b78\u8005\u4e5f\u8a31\u6703\u7531\u6b64\u63a8\u65b7\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u9ad4\u80b2\u3001\u85dd\u8853\u548c\u5b78\u8853\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u6cbb\u570b\u4e4b\u65b9\uff08statecraft\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u516c\u958b\u5730\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u4e26\u5f97\u5230\u88fd\u5ea6\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u5011\u5c07\u901a\u904e\u5c0d\u4ee5\u4e0b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u516c\u958b\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4f86\u5c0b\u6c42\u95dc\u65bc\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u5171\u8b58\uff1a\u201c\u6839\u64da\u67d0\u7a2e\u9053\u5fb7\u9ad8\u5c1a\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u2014\u2014\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u80fd\u5920\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u89c0\u9ede\u548c\u8ae7\u76f8\u8655\uff0c\u5c07\u5982\u4f55\u4fc3\u9032\u9053\u5fb7\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

29. \u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u8207\u6240\u6709\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u4e00\u6a23\u2014\u2014\u5c11\u6578\u53cd\u52d5\u5206\u5b50\u9664\u5916\u2014\u2014\u9ea5\u723e\u767b\u8a8d\u70ba\u90a3\u4e9b\u689d\u4ef6\u512a\u8d8a\u7684\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u627f\u64d4\u8d77\u5e6b\u52a9\u90a3\u4e9b\u56e0\u70ba\u751f\u6d3b\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u9650\u88fd\u800c\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u8cac\u4efb\u3002\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5229\u7684\u4eba\u61c9\u8a72\u901a\u904e\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u9014\u5f91\u5f97\u5230\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u80fd\u5920\u4eab\u6709\u8ffd\u6c42\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4eba\u6b0a\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u8ffd\u6c42\u662f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u985e\u90fd\u61c9\u8a72\u64c1\u6709\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5e73\u7b49\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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