{"id":6071,"date":"2023-04-06T20:22:39","date_gmt":"2023-04-06T20:22:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/?p=6071"},"modified":"2023-04-08T02:29:43","modified_gmt":"2023-04-08T02:29:43","slug":"%e5%84%92%e5%ae%b6%e7%9a%84%e5%be%b7%e6%80%a7-%e7%a4%bc-%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f-%e8%bf%9b%e6%ad%a5%e5%84%92%e5%ad%a6%e8%a7%86%e8%a7%92","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/blog\/2023\/04\/06\/%e5%84%92%e5%ae%b6%e7%9a%84%e5%be%b7%e6%80%a7-%e7%a4%bc-%e6%94%bf%e6%b2%bb%e6%a8%a1%e5%bc%8f-%e8%bf%9b%e6%ad%a5%e5%84%92%e5%ad%a6%e8%a7%86%e8%a7%92\/","title":{"rendered":"\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u201c\u5fb7\u6027\u2014\u79ae\u2014\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u8996\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5b89\u9756\u5982<\/a>1<\/a><\/sup>\uff08\u9ec3\u7389\u9806<\/a>\u8b6f\uff09
\u7dad\u601d\u5927\u5b78
\u539f\u8f09\u65bc \u7159\u53f0\u5927\u5b78\u5b78\u5831( \u54f2\u5b78\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u7248)\uff0c\u7b2c27\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f
\u4f5c\u8005\u6388\u6b0a\u65bc\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u7db2<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u4e0b\u8f09PDF\u7248\u672c<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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20\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\uff0c\u5982\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\uff0c\u8d0a\u540c\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u201c\u5fc3\u6027\u4e4b\u5b78\u201d\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u5112\u5bb6\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u502b\u7406\u7684\u3001\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b78\u7684\u7dad\u5ea6\uff0c\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u4e5f\u59cb\u7d42\u5982\u4e00\u5730\u5805\u6301\uff1a\u9019\u7a2e\u4ee5\u502b\u7406\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5fc3\u6027\u4e4b\u5b78\u4e5f\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb(\u201c\u65b0\u5916\u738b\u201d)\uff0c\u800c\u826f\u77e5\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u201d(self-restriction) \u610f\u5473\u8457\u5c0d\u502b\u7406\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u91dd\u5c0d\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u90fd\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u201c\u65b0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u7a2e\u6545\u5f04\u7384\u865b\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u201d\u89c0\u5ff5\u800d\u82b1\u62db (hocus-pocus) \u4f86\u9020\u6210\u4e00\u7a2e\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7121\u61c8\u53ef\u64ca\u7684\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u628a\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u79fb\u690d\u5230\u5112\u5b78\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u6642\u4ee3\u4eba\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u66f4\u591a\u65b0\u8fd1\u7684\u5eb7\u5fb7\u4e3b\u7fa9\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6(Kantian New Conficians)\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u66fe\u5c0d\u4e0b\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u7d66\u4e88\u5145\u5206\u89e3\u91cb\uff1a\u4f55\u4ee5\u898b\u5f97\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4ecd\u7136\u7121\u7591\u9084\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\uff1f\u5176\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u5c07\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u584a\u9818\u5730\u5272\u8b93\u7d66\u4e86\u88fd\u5ea6\u5112\u5bb6(Institutional Confucianism)\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u81ea\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5236\u5ea6\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5275\u9020\u6027\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u70ba\u7576\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u66f4\u5805\u5be6\u7684\u6839\u64da\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u9996\u8981\u76ee\u6a19\u5c07\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u7e3d\u7d50\u800c\u4e14\u88dc\u5145\u6211\u5728\u300a\u8d70\u5411\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u300b(\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c21\u7a31\u300a\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u300b) \u4e2d\u6240\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u4e09\u5927\u50f9\u503c\u985e\u578b\u4e4b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u3002\u6211\u8981\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u662f\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u7528\u4ee5\u5e73\u8861\u502b\u7406\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u79ae (ritual) \u7684\u7368\u7279\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u502b\u7406\u898f\u7bc4\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7279\u6b8a\uff0c\u6e90\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u800c\u6709\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u3001\u8207\u4e00\u7a2e\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u5883\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u6240\u6709\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u5ff5\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u898f\u7bc4\u5305\u542b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6c11\u6b0a (domestic rights)\u8207\u4eba\u6b0a (human rights)\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u88ab\u7de8\u6210\u516c\u958b\u6cd5\u5178\u4f86\u4f5c\u70ba\u88c1\u5b9a\u4f9d\u64da\uff0c\u7531\u570b\u5bb6\u6b0a\u529b\u652f\u6301\u5176\u843d\u5be6\u3002\u79ae\u7684\u898f\u7bc4(ritual norms)\u6bd4\u502b\u7406\u898f\u7bc4\u7684\u53ef\u6cd5\u5178\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\uff1b\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u5728\u300a\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u300b\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u88e1\u6240\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\uff0c\u79ae\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u65b9\u9762\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e43\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u5f80\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u7a2e\u4fbf\u6613\u7684\u201c\u7e2e\u5beb\u5f62\u5f0f\u201d(an accessible \u201cshorthand\u201d)\u3002\u7136\u800c\u79ae\u7684\u6839\u64da\u548c\u5be6\u65bd\u4e0d\u662f\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u793e\u6703\uff1b\u4e26\u4e14,\u79ae\u901a\u5e38\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u8a31\u591a\u79c1\u4eba\u8a9e\u5883 (intimate contexts)\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u898f\u7bc4\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u53ea\u4f5c\u70ba\u6700\u5f8c\u624b\u6bb5\u4ecb\u5165\u3002\u6839\u64da\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\uff0c\u5065\u5168\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703 (\u53ca\u69ae\u8000\u7684\u500b\u4eba) \u9700\u8981\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u76f8\u4e92\u9593\u9817\u70ba\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7dad\u5ea6\u3002\u5982\u679c( \u653f\u6cbb) \u6b0a\u5229\u50c5\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u502b\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u6216\u4e00\u500b\u5206\u652f\u800c\u88ab\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u6703\u6709\u502b\u7406\u4e3b\u9ad4\u6027\u201c\u541e\u566c\u201d\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u5371\u96aa\uff1b\u5982\u679c(\u653f\u6cbb)\u6b0a\u5229\u8207\u79ae\u88ab\u5408\u4f75\uff0c\u5247\u6703\u6709\u55aa\u5931\u6211\u5011\u4e4b\u9593\u7531\u79ae\u6240\u4fc3\u9032\u548c\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u806f\u7e6b\u7684\u5371\u96aa\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u5c07\u5728\u76f8\u4e92\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e0a\u7531\u65bc\u6cd5\u548c\u6b0a\u5229\u800c\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u8b8a\u6210\u201c\u539f\u5b50\u5316\u7684\u201d(atomistic) \u500b\u9ad4\u3002\u8868\u660e\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u4e4b\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u7c60\u7d71\u8fa6\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5728\u65bc\u9019\u4e09\u7a2e\u50f9\u503c\u7dad\u5ea6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5354\u8abf\u3002\u5b83\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u4e09\u8173\u51f3(three-legged stool)\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u7a69\u5065\u800c\u9032\u6b65\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u548c\u793e\u6703\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u4e09\u7a2e\u898f\u7bc4\u985e\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u7a2e\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u985e\u6bd4\u4e5f\u6709\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u7dad\u5ea6\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u53e6\u5916\u5169\u500b\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u5011\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8cf4\u3001\u4e26\u76f8\u4e92\u53cd\u994b\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u6709\u6642\u662f\u901a\u904e\u6279\u5224\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u9019\u4e09\u500b\u7dad\u5ea6\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u4e00\u7a2e\u52d5\u614b\u5f35\u529b(dynamic tension) \u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u90fd\u65e2\u53ef\u80fd\u652f\u6301\u3001\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6297\u62d2\u5176\u4ed6\u5169\u500b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u3001\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u5728\u300a\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u8981\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u653e\u5728\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u50f9\u503c\u548c\u88fd\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5176\u8207\u502b\u7406\u95dc\u5207\u6216\u79ae\u4e4b\u95dc\u5207\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e5f\u88ab\u53cd\u590d\u5730\u63d0\u53ca\u4e86\u3002\u7136\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4ecd\u505c\u7559\u65bc\u62bd\u8c61\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u9019\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u63a2\u7d22\u95dc\u65bc\u7531\u5112\u5bb6\u201c\u5fb7\u6027\u2014\u79ae\u2014\u653f\u6cbb\u201d(virtue-ritual-politics) \u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u6a21\u5f0f(actual shape) \u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5167\u5bb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b1b\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u5728\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u53d6\u5f97\u9032\u5c55\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u8003\u616e\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u8a9e\u5883\u3002\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5728\u8a2d\u60f3\u4e00\u7a2e\u7d14\u7136\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u6703\u55ce\uff1f\u6291\u6216\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u66f4\u5c11\u504f\u96e2\u7576\u4eca\u73fe\u5be6\u60c5\u6cc1\u7684\u5287\u60c5\uff0c\u5287\u4e2d\u5112\u5bb6\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u9032\u7a0b\u548c\u793e\u6703\u5236\u5ea6\u4e2d\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u4e26\u975e\u4e3b\u89d2\uff1f\u5373\u4fbf\u5047\u5b9a\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u50f9\u503c\u5c07\u88ab\u975e\u5112\u5bb6\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u5206\u4eab\u3001\u4e26\u4e14\u62cb\u958b\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u672c\u8eab\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u5c0d\u5176\u76ee\u6a19\u8207\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u9019\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9(pluralism) \u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4ecd\u7136\u5411\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6311\u6230\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u4f4d\u7576\u4ee3\u4e2d\u570b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5e79\u6625\u677e\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5728 20\u4e16\u7d00\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u53ca\u5176\u7576\u4ee3\u50b3\u4eba\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u4e00\u7a2e\u7dca\u5f35\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u751a\u6216\u6587\u5316\u76f8\u5c0d\u4e3b\u7fa9(cultural relativism)\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u201c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d(centralism) \u6216\u666e\u904d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u54f2\u5b78(universalist philosophy)\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u8907\u6578\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u50f9\u503c\u9ad4\u4fc2\u55ce? \u6291\u6216\u53ea\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u7a2e( \u6216\u8a31\u662f\u6211\u5011\u9010\u6f38\u532f\u805a\u65bc\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u90a3\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e)\uff1f\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u5112\u5b78\u662f\u67d0\u7a2e\u50c5\u50c5\u5b58\u7559\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u3001\u6216\u50c5\u50c5\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u800c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u6291\u6216\u662f\u67d0\u7a2e\u5c0d\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u6771\u897f\u3001\u4f8b\u5982\u5b83\u5c0d\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u4f86\u8aaa\u6070\u5982\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u4e00\u6a23\u662f\u771f\u7406\uff1f\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u675c\u7dad\u660e\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u7a2e\u89c0\u5ff5\uff1a\u5112\u5b78\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u591a\u7a2e\u201c\u7cbe\u795e\u8cc7\u6e90\u201d(spiritual resource) \u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u3002\u5e79\u6625\u677e\u5f9e\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e2d\u770b\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f9e\u65e9\u671f\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u90a3\u7a2e\u66f4\u5177\u96c4\u5fc3\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u90a3\u88e1\u7684\u9000\u537b\u30022<\/a><\/sup>\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f37\u52e2\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u53ef\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u201c\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d( culturalism)\uff0c\u5b83\u986f\u7136\u5728\u6211\u6240\u8a8d\u5b9a\u70ba\u88fd\u5ea6\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u4e2d\u767c\u63ee\u8457\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u78ba\u5be6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u660e\u78ba\u5730\u4ee5\u5176\u80fd\u4fdd\u5b58\u548c\u5fa9\u8208\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u5316\u70ba\u5176\u65b9\u6848\u8faf\u89e3\u30023<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u9019\u8207\u201c\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u201d\u4f55\u5e72\uff1f\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u800c\u975e\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u610f\u5728\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u95e1\u660e\u95dc\u65bc\u4eba\u5011\u61c9\u7576\u600e\u6a23\u6700\u597d\u5730\u7d44\u7e54\u5176\u793e\u6703\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u771f\u7406\u61c9\u7576\u88ab\u904b\u7528\u65bc\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\u30024<\/a><\/sup>\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u5728\u8a31\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u5143\u7684\u570b\u5167\u8a9e\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u64c1\u8b77\u8005\u5c07\u6e96\u5099\u3001\u4e26\u6a02\u610f\u5728\u4e0d\u8ad6\u653f\u6cbb\u9805\u76ee\u9084\u662f\u793e\u6703\u9805\u76ee\u4e2d\u5145\u7576\u90a3\u4e9b\u5fd7\u8da3\u76f8\u6295\u7684\u975e\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u7d50\u76df\u5925\u4f34\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u201c\u6709\u6839\u7684\u5168\u7403\u54f2\u5b78\u201c(Rooted Global Philosophy) \u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u8005\uff0c\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u5bb6\u52aa\u529b\u5f9e\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u76f8\u9047\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5f9e\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u8207\u9ed1\u683c\u723e(Hegel)\u548c\u5eb7\u5fb7(Kant)\u7684\u76f8\u9047\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u5728\u300a\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u5f9e\u8207\u7ae0\u58eb\u91d7(\u7b2c4\u7ae0) \u548c\u8d99\u6c40\u967d(\u7b2c5\u7ae0) \u4ee5\u53ca\u7b2c7\u7ae0\u88e1\u8207\u5973\u6027\u4e3b\u7fa9\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u7684\u4ea4\u9053\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u91cc\u95dc\u65bc\u6b0a\u5a01\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u5f37\u8abf\u56b4\u8085\u8a8d\u771f\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u6240\u6709\u5c0d\u201c\u7406\u201d\u7684\u8996\u89d2\uff0c\u9019\u88e1\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u7531\u8a8d\u70ba\u975e\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u61c9\u8a72\u5f9e\u9019\u7a2e\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u3002\u7b2c7\u7ae0\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u90e8\u5206\u5f37\u8abf\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u201c\u652f\u6301\u6027\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u201d(supportive values) \u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5c0d\u8a71\u548c\u6613\u8b2c\u4e3b\u7fa9(fallibilism)\uff0c\u4e5f\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u652f\u6301\u5728\u591a\u5143\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u7684\u8b19\u606d\u800c\u958b\u653e\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u3002\u985e\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u91cc\u95dc\u65bc\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u6559\u8a13\u662f\uff1a\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u6cd5\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u548c\u6cd5\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e4b\u885d\u7a81\u9818\u57df\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u9019\u7a2e\u4e3b\u5f35\uff1a\u7576\u9762\u5c0d\u591a\u5143\u653f\u6cbb\u74b0\u5883\u6642\uff0c\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u5bb6\u6703\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u62cb\u68c4\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u627f\u8afe\u3002\u652f\u6301\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u7684\u4eba\u5c07\u901a\u904e\u5f37\u8abf\u6211\u5011\u6240\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u8af8\u65b9\u9762 (\u6bd4\u5982\u79ae\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027) \u4f86\u5c0b\u6c42\u9032\u884c\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u8aaa\u670d\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5f9e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e2d\u548c\u793e\u6703\u4e0a\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u770b\u3001\u9019\u7a2e\u7d93\u9a57\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5341\u5206\u986f\u8457\u7684\u3002\u5b54\u5b50\u672c\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u503c\u5f97\u7d00\u5ff5\u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u56f0\u5883\u4e2d\u679c\u6c7a\u5730\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u53d6\u5f97\u793e\u6703\u7684\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u9053\u5fb7\u4e0a\u7684\u9032\u6b65\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4ed6\u7684\u6977\u6a21\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u9f13\u821e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u4e8c\u3001\u79ae\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u8207\u570b\u5bb6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u5e36\u8457\u95dc\u65bc\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u56de\u5230\u502b\u7406\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u79ae\u4e4b\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u66f4\u7d30\u7dfb\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u5df2\u5728\u300a\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u300b\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u904e\u6211\u5c0d\u79ae\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c6c\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u79ae\u7e3d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d7\u5230\u502b\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9ad8\u65bc\u502b\u7406\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4ee5\u79ae\u70ba\u201c\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u201d(minimalist)\uff1b\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\u548c\u793e\u6703\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u79ae\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728\u500b\u9ad4\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u5145\u7576\u8457\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5728\u300a\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u300b\u7684\u7b2c7\u7ae0\u88e1\u8a0e\u8ad6\u904e\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u71df\u9020\u67d0\u4e9b\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u9032\u6070\u7576\u884c\u70ba\u548c\u500b\u4eba\u502b\u7406\u6210\u9577\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u4fbf\u662f\u901a\u904e\u79ae\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u7684\u3002\u79ae\u4e5f\u8207\u7b49\u7d1a\u5236\u89c0\u5ff5\u76f8\u806f\u7e6b\uff0c\u7b2c7\u7ae0\u88e1\u5df2\u6709\u8faf\u8b77\uff1a\u7576\u606d\u656c\u88ab\u671f\u671b\u6642\uff0c\u79ae\u5982\u540c\u5176\u4fe1\u865f\u3002\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u5fd8\u8a18\u502b\u7406\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\uff1b\u6211\u5728\u7b2c6\u30017\u7ae0\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u4e3b\u984c\u662f\uff1a\u73fe\u5b58\u7684\u79ae\u548c\u7b49\u7d1a\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u904e\u7a2e\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\u9020\u6210\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u52d5\u7528\u502b\u7406\u7684\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8cc7\u6e90\u4f86\u6279\u8a55\u6709\u554f\u984c\u7684\u79ae\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u6211\u5011\u7684\u554f\u984c\u51fa\u5728\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u600e\u6a23\uff1f\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u6703\u7684\u79ae\u7684\u5be6\u884c\u904e\u65bc\u5fae\u5f31\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u4fc3\u9032\u5065\u5168\u7684\u793e\u6703\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u600e\u6a23\uff1f\u5f9e\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u4eca\u7684\u5f8c\u6bdb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u570b\u548c\u7576\u4ee3\u7f8e\u570b\u4e5f\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u9019\u7a2e\u554f\u984c\u7684\u4f8b\u8b49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9019\u7a2e\u8a3a\u65b7\u662f\u6e96\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u61c9\u7576\u5021\u5c0e\u52d5\u7528\u653f\u6cbb\u8cc7\u6e90\u3001\u6bd4\u5982\u8aaa\u67d0\u7a2e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5e72\u9810\uff0c\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u79ae\u7684\u5be6\u884c\u55ce\uff1f5<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8523\u6176\u548c\u5eb7\u66c9\u5149\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u88fd\u5ea6\u5112\u5bb6\u975e\u5e38\u660e\u78ba\u5730\u64c1\u8b77\u4e00\u7a2e\u7531\u570b\u5bb6\u652f\u6301\u7684\u3001\u7528\u4f86\u50b3\u6388\u548c\u63d0\u5021\u5112\u5bb6\u79ae\u5100\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u6559\u5802(Confucian church)\u30026<\/a><\/sup>\u9019\u7a2e\u9014\u5f91\u4e4b\u6b63\u7576\u7406\u7531\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u300a\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u300b\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u8a0e\u8ad6\u548c\u8a55\u8ad6\u904e\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5b83\u5728\u4fdd\u885b\u201c\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u5316\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u6211\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u5011\u7559\u610f\u4e00\u4e0b\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u5112\u5bb6\u4e4b\u79ae\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u95dc\u4fc2\u4ee5\u5c0b\u627e\u9748\u611f\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u5177\u524d\u666f\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u4e4b\u9ede\uff0c\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5b83\u6bd4\u5236\u5ea6\u5112\u5bb6\u57fa\u65bc\u6559\u5802\u7684\u9014\u5f91\u66f4\u80fd\u8207\u570b\u5167\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u76f8\u7b26\u5408\u3002\u6b77\u53f2\u5730\u770b\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u652f\u6301\u5112\u5bb6\u4e4b\u79ae\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u5178\u79ae\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u5c0d\u5b54\u5edf\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff1b\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u570b\u5bb6\u8d0a\u52a9\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5305\u62ec\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u6587\u672c\uff0c\u79ae\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u53d7\u5230\u8868\u5f70\u30027<\/a><\/sup>\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u9014\u5f91\u5747\u53ef\u9069\u5408\u65bc\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u7684\u7576\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5426\u591a\u5143\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u6216\u7d14\u7cb9\u5112\u5bb6\u793e\u5718\u7684\u6210\u54e1\uff0c\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u6703\u5f37\u8abf\u79ae\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u7af6\u9078\u6d3b\u52d5\u548c\u9078\u8209\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002 \u201c\u79ae\u201d\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u523b\u677f\u4fd7\u5957\u548c\u7a7a\u6d1e\uff1a\u6b63\u5982\u300a\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u300b\u7b2c6\u7ae0\u6240\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\uff0c\u79ae\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u78ba\u7acb\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u751a\u81f3\u5411\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u8868\u9054\u6211\u5011\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u3002\u9451\u65bc\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u63a1\u53d6\u4e86\u67d0\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u5c07\u52aa\u529b\u722d\u53d6\u67d0\u7a2e\u65b0\u7684\u516c\u5171\u79ae\u5100\u7684\u767c\u660e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5145\u5206\u4fdd\u8b49\u79ae\u5100\u8868\u9054\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u975e\u58d3\u8feb\u7684\u3001\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u5fb7\u6027\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u81f3\u65bc\u79ae\u5728\u570b\u5bb6\u652f\u6301\u4e4b\u5112\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6700\u597d\u8207\u570b\u5bb6\u652f\u6301\u4e4b\u502b\u7406\u6559\u80b2\u554f\u984c\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4f86\u52a0\u4ee5\u8655\u7406\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u570b\u5bb6\u901a\u904e\u5c07\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u7d0d\u5165\u570b\u5bb6\u652f\u6301\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8ab2\u7a0b\u4f86\u652f\u6301\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u5426\u6070\u7576\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u897f\u65b9\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u71b1\u70c8\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\u722d\u8faf\u8aaa\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u61c9\u7576\u5728\u6709\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6240\u5fc5\u9808\u7684\u6771\u897f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7248\u672c\u4e4b\u9593\u4fdd\u6301\u201c\u4e2d\u7acb\u201d\u3002\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u76f8\u53cd\u610f\u898b\u4f86\u81ea\u793e\u7fa4\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5171\u540c\u7e41\u69ae\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u50b3\u7d71\u4e2d\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u57fa\u790e\u53ca\u5176\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c0d\u65bc\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u4e2d\u7acb\u7acb\u5834\u7684\u56de\u61c9\u5df2\u7531\u4e00\u6279\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u767c\u5c55\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u61f7\u6709\u540c\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u4fe1\u4e2d\u7acb\u662f\u5c0d\u570b\u5bb6\u592a\u5f37\u7684\u7d04\u675f\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u504f\u597d\u4e00\u7a2e\u6709\u9650\u7684\u201c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u570b\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u767c\u63ee\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u63d0\u5021\u7279\u5b9a\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u4f86\u4f7f\u5176\u516c\u6c11\u66f4\u201c\u5b8c\u7f8e\u201d\u3002\u9673\u7956\u70ba\u5df2\u628a\u9019\u7a2e\u9014\u5f91\u7a31\u70ba\u201c\u9069\u5ea6\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u201d\uff1b\u6309\u7167\u9069\u5ea6\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e0d\u8ad6\u4e00\u500b\u529f\u80fd\u826f\u597d\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u9084\u662f\u793e\u6703\u4f86\u8aaa\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5176\u6210\u672c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u500b\u9ad4\u81ea\u4e3b\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u72a7\u7272\u6389\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9069\u5ea6\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u50c5\u50c5\u652f\u6301\u90a3\u4e9b\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u3001\u4e14\u662f\u4ee5\u975e\u5f37\u5236\u6027\u7684\u8fa6\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5305\u5bb9\u70ba\u81ea\u4e3b\u6b0a\u800c\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u9632\u885b\u30028<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u9069\u5ea6\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5920\u5145\u5206\u9069\u61c9\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u627f\u8afe\uff0c\u9019\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u61f8\u800c\u672a\u6c7a\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1b9<\/a><\/sup>\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u9019\u88e1\u6240\u95dc\u5fc3\u7684\u4e26\u975e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3002\u6211\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4ecb\u7d39\u9069\u5ea6\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u770b\u4f86\u662f\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u628a\u63e1\u4e86\u70ba\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u6216\u5510\u541b\u6bc5\u7b49\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u6240\u8d0a\u540c\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u5728\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u7684\u53c3\u6578\u4e2d\u662f\u5f88\u5408\u9069\u7684\u3002\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u4e3b\u5f35\uff0c\u5112\u5b78\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u539f\u5247\u548c\u6587\u672c\u61c9\u7576\u5728\u516c\u7acb\u5b78\u6821\u88e1\u8b1b\u6388\uff0c\u4f46\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6240\u61c9\u516c\u958b\u5021\u5c0e\u7684\u9019\u4e9b\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u90fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u201c\u8d77\u78bc\u800c\u666e\u904d\u7684\u4eba\u9053\u201d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6240\u6307\u7684\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4ec1\u3001\u7fa9\u3001\u79ae\u3001\u667a\u3001\u4fe1\u7b49\u57fa\u672c\u5fb7\u6027\u300210<\/a><\/sup>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u59cb\u7d42\u5982\u4e00\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u662f\uff0c\u502b\u7406\u5fc5\u9808\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u201d\u4ee5\u5408\u4e4e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8207\u6b0a\u5229\uff0c\u9019\u8207George Sher\u7684\u4e0b\u8ff0\u89c0\u9ede\u662f\u5f88\u5339\u914d\u7684\uff1a\u9451\u65bc\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u6b0a\u5229\u7684\u9ad4\u7cfb\u8db3\u5920\u53cd\u6297\u58d3\u8feb\u6027\u7684\u5bb6\u9577\u5f0f\u7d71\u6cbb\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6c92\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4ee5\u55aa\u5931\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9053\u5fb7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6210\u679c\u70ba\u4ee3\u50f9\u53bb\u5c0b\u6c42\u201c\u9810\u9632\u6027\u4e2d\u7acb\u201d\u300211<\/a><\/sup>\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u7684\u540c\u6642\u4ee3\u4eba\u5510\u541b\u6bc5\u90a3\u88e1\u770b\u5230\u5f88\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u3002\u5510\u541b\u6bc5\u672c\u4eba\u5c0d\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e4b\u9032\u5165\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201c\u667a\u6167\u201d\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u53cd\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u771f\u7406\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5f37\u5236\u63a5\u53d7\u300212<\/a><\/sup>\u5510\u541b\u6bc5\u53cd\u5fa9\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u6613\u8b2c\u6027(human fallibility) \u7684\u8a31\u591a\u4f86\u6e90(\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u601d\u60f3\u8005\u7684\u201c\u5c0f\u667a\u201d) \u4f86\uff0c\u9053\u5fb7\u771f\u7406\u8981\u5fa9\u96dc\u548c\u56f0\u96e3\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7d9c\u5408\u5206\u6790\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u201c\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u7d42\u7d50\u201d\uff1b\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5b8c\u5168\u5fb9\u5e95\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\u638c\u63e1\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u7a2e\u201c\u7121\u76e1\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u7cfb\u5217\u201d\u3002\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u8aaa\uff0c\u5510\u541b\u6bc5\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u5145\u5206\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u627f\u8afe\uff0c\u5373\u5167\u7701\u548c\u5c0d\u4ed6\u4eba\u4ec1\u611b\u800c\u958b\u653e\u4e4b\u614b\u5ea6\u7684\u63a1\u53d6\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u8005\u4f7f\u5f97\u7531\u6211\u5011\u7684\u6613\u8b2c\u6027\u6240\u6307\u793a\u7684\u8b19\u905c\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5510\u541b\u6bc5\u5c07\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u62b1\u8ca0\u8207\u5c0d\u5bec\u5bb9\u548c\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u627f\u8afe\u7d50\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7e3d\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u9084\u662f\u5510\u541b\u6bc5\uff0c\u90fd\u5c07\u6211\u5011\u63a8\u5411\u9069\u5ea6\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u201d\u65b9\u6cd5\u512a\u65bc\u5510\u541b\u6bc5\u5c0d\u65bc\u5bec\u5bb9\u7684\u5f37\u8abf\u3002\u9019\u6709\u5169\u689d\u7406\u7531\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u8ce6\u4e88\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u88fd\u5ea6\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u5510\u541b\u6bc5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u66f4\u4f9d\u8cf4\u65bc\u5c0d\u6613\u8b2c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u5bec\u5bb9\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u627f\u8afe\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5510\u541b\u6bc5\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u6697\u793a\u8457\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u60b2\u60c5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u59a8\u7919\u8457\u6211\u5011\u6309\u7167\u90a3\u4e9b\u5805\u6301\u771f\u6b63\u5be6\u73fe\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u8a2d\u8a08\u793e\u6703\u3002\u7576\u6211\u5011\u7acb\u5373\u8f49\u5411\u6211\u7531\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u6240\u6fc0\u767c\u7684\u95dc\u65bc\u6b0a\u5229\u5728\u6211\u5011\u7684\u502b\u7406\u9aee\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6d88\u6975\u5f71\u97ff\u201d\u7684\u95e1\u8ff0\u6642\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u60b2\u60c5\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u8ac7\u8ac7\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u7684\u9069\u5ea6\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6559\u80b2\u5728\u5be6\u8e10\u4e2d\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u50cf\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u8a2d\u60f3\u6709\u56db\u500b\u9818\u57df\u61c9\u7576\u5305\u62ec\u9032\u4f86\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u50b3\u8a18\u4ee5\u53ca\u9078\u5b9a\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u6977\u6a21(exemplars)\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u95dc\u4f5c\u54c1\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u5fb7\u6027(\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684)\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u300a\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u300b\u7b2c7\u7ae0\u6700\u5f8c\u90e8\u5206\u6240\u8a8d\u5b9a\u7684\u652f\u6490\u6027\u50f9\u503c\u89c013<\/a><\/sup>\uff1b\u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u6240\u9078\u5b9a\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u79ae\u5100\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u8207\u5be6\u8e10\u3002\u78ba\u5207\u5730\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f55\u7a2e\u6977\u6a21\u8207\u4f55\u7a2e\u79ae\u5100\uff1f\u4e26\u4e14\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e00\u5207\u662f\u5728\u8af8\u5982\u6578\u5b78\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u4e4b\u985e\u6a19\u6e96\u79d1\u76ee\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5408\u4f75\u65bc\u5176\u4e2d\uff1f\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7576\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6587\u672c(local context)\u586b\u5145\u9032\u4f86\u6642\u624d\u80fd\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u5728\u591a\u5143\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u6977\u6a21\u3001\u6587\u672c\u548c\u79ae\u5100\u5c07\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u50b3\u7d71\u5206\u4eab\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6559\u5b78\u5c07\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u5c0d\u5b83\u5011\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u548c\u5340\u5225\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u61c9\u7576\u5982\u4f55\u6559\u6388\u9019\u4e9b\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u800c\u5fa9\u96dc\u7684\u8a71\u984c\u3002\u5730\u65b9\u6587\u672c\u5c07\u6703\u518d\u6b21\u6210\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4ecd\u5c07\u662f\u50b3\u7d71\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u6d1e\u898b\u8207\u7576\u4ee3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5275\u9020\u6027\u7d9c\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u4e09\u3001\u6b0a\u5229\u3001\u502b\u7406\u8207\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u4e4b\u5fc3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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\u5c0d\u6b64\u6df1\u5c64\u6311\u6230\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u8056\u4eba\u4e4b\u5fc3\u4e2d\u3002\u8056\u4eba\u6240\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u8aaa\u662f\u5411\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u59a5\u5354\uff0c\u6bcb\u5be7\u8aaa\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u5b83\u70ba\u500b\u4eba\u548c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u9054\u5230\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u8056\u4eba\u4e26\u975e\u76f2\u76ee\u6a02\u89c0\u4e4b\u4eba\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u901a\u5f80\u548c\u8ae7\u8207\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u9053\u8def\u662f\u3001\u4e26\u4e14\u6c38\u9060\u6703\u662f\u4e00\u689d\u5145\u6eff\u969c\u7919\u7684\u8271\u8f9b\u4e4b\u8def\u3002\u4f46\u8056\u4eba\u4e0d\u6703\u540c\u610f\u4e18\u5409\u723e\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\uff1a\u201c\u9664\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u662f\u6700\u58de\u7684\u88fd\u5ea6\u3002\u201d\u8056\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u50cf\u6211\u5011\u9019\u7a2e\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u3001\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u70ba\u66f4\u597d\u66f4\u6709\u5fb7\u884c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u800c\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u8207\u6c11\u4e3b\u2014\u2014\u50c5\u50c5\u7528\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u8a9e\u4f86\u4ee3\u8868\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u6240\u8d0a\u540c\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u2014\u2014\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u5c0d\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6b0a\u5229\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u6c7a\u7b56\u7684\u9700\u8981\u611f\u5230\u907a\u61be\uff0c\u8207\u5c0d\u6211\u5011\u4eba\u985e\u4e26\u975e\u5929\u4f7f\u6216\u81ea\u52d5\u6a5f\u611f\u5230\u907a\u61be\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u8005\u7684\u610f\u601d\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4eba\u985e\u9084\u662f\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u96d6\u53ef\u5b8c\u5584\u3001\u4f46\u4ecd\u6703\u72af\u932f\u8aa4\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5c0d\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u61b2\u6cd5\u3001\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u6b0a\u5229\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u9032\u7a0b\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u5c31\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u300217<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8b80\u8005\u6216\u8a31\u6703\u5c0d\u4e0a\u6bb5\u95dc\u65bc\u8056\u4eba\u7684\u8ac7\u8a71\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u60d1\u3002\u8056\u4eba\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6211\u5011\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u600e\u9ebc\u6a23\uff1f\u6211\u7528\u201c\u8056\u4eba\u4e4b\u5fc3\u201d (psychology of a sage) \u9019\u500b\u8853\u8a9e\u4f86\u8868\u9054\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u57fa\u65bc\u5169\u689d\u7406\u7531\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u8056\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5883\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u4e5f\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u9019\u500b\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6839\u64da\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\uff0c\u8056\u4eba\u4e26\u4e0d\u7acb\u5fd7\u7368\u88c1\u6027\u5730\u201c\u7a31\u738b\u201d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u901a\u904e\u62d9\u8457\u300a\u8056\u5883\u300b(Sagehood) \u53cd\u5fa9\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8056\u4eba\u8207\u975e\u8056\u4eba\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u5340\u5225\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5340\u5225\u3002\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u8056\u4eba\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4e5f\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u5b8c\u6eff\u3001\u6301\u7e8c\u548c\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6487\u958b\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u9054\u5230\u8056\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u6703\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u4e26\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8457\u653e\u68c4\u5728\u502b\u7406\u548c\u79ae\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4f86\u89c0\u5bdf\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e09\u7a2e\u8996\u89d2\u5354\u8abf\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u6839\u64da\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\uff0c\u5f9e\u6307\u5411\u9069\u7576\u6c42\u52a9\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u898f\u7bc4\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u6a5f\u95dc\u7684\u6771\u897f\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u502b\u7406\u589e\u9032\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u5728\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u904e\u65bc\u7d93\u5e38\u5730\u6307\u671b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4eba\u8868\u73fe\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\uff0c\u4f46\u7d55\u5c11\u6307\u671b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8005\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u5176\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u907f\u514d\u58d3\u8feb\u548c\u767c\u5c55\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u653f\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u8b77\u9084\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u53c3\u8207(\u6216\u8a31\u610f\u5728\u6539\u8b8a\u67d0\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5f8b) \u90fd\u662f\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u6c92\u6709\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u5c0d\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u4e4b\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\uff0c\u50b3\u7d71\u5112\u5bb6\u5df2\u7d93\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u5632\u5f04\u6cd5\u5f8b\u754c\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b83\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u70ba\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u3002\u9019\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u7a2e\u904e\u65bc\u9806\u5f9e\u3001\u81ea\u66b4\u81ea\u68c4\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u6070\u5982\u90a3\u7a2e\u904e\u65bc\u81ea\u6211\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u4e00\u6a23\u5730\u5931\u53bb\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5728\u65e9\u4e9b\u6642\u5019\u7684\u8457\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c17\u300118\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u5c0d\u6b63\u7576\u5408\u7406\u7684\u81ea\u5229(legitimate self-concern) \u4e4b\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u70ba19\u4e16\u7d00\u548c20\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u7684\u6b0a\u5229\u8a71\u8a9e\u92ea\u5e73\u9053\u8def\u300218<\/a><\/sup>\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b20\u4e16\u7d00\u65e9\u671f\u652f\u6301\u201c\u6b0a\u5229\u610f\u8b58\u201d\u7684\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\uff0c\u6240\u63a1\u53d6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e26\u975e\u5805\u6301\u6b0a\u5229\u8207\u5112\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5c0d\u7acb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5438\u6536\u548c\u5229\u7528\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u89c0\u300219<\/a><\/sup>\u6211\u5f9e\u4f86\u4e0d\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5b78\u6703\u5e73\u8861\u5176\u502b\u7406\u7684\u3001\u6cd5\u7684\u548c\u79ae\u7684\u95dc\u5207\u4e4b\u8af8\u610f\u8b58\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff1a\u6211\u5df2\u5728\u300a\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u300b\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u548c\u7b2c6\u7ae0\u88e1\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u60c5\u6cc1\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u7a2e\u56f0\u96e3\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u771f\u6b63\u8981\u6307\u63a7\u90a3\u7a2e\u5fc3\u4e0d\u5728\u7109\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u70ba\u76dc\u8cca\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u5920\u5341\u5206\u9806\u7576\u5730\u8655\u7406\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

\u56db\u3001\u4e00\u500b\u201c\u904a\u9b42\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u95dc\u65bc\u5112\u5bb6\u201c\u5fb7\u6027\u2014\u79ae\u2014\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\u662f\uff1a\u95dc\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u88fd\u5ea6\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u7f3a\u4e4f\u3002\u72c4\u767e\u745e(Theodore deBary) \u5728\u300a\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u56f0\u5883\u300b(The Trouble With Confucianism) \u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\u5c0d\u6b64\u6709\u96c4\u8faf\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u6f22\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u5112\u5bb6\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u7684\u8870\u843d\u770b\u4f86\u4e26\u4e0d\u5728\u65bc\u5176\u9f13\u5439\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5931\u6557\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u6c92\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5efa\u7acb\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6b0a\u529b\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u201d\u95dc\u65bc\u5510\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u201c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5112\u5bb6\u58eb\u5927\u592b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53ea\u597d\u53c3\u8207\u7576\u6642\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u8a72\u5236\u5ea6\u5728\u904b\u7528\u4ed6\u5011\u8a13\u7df4\u6709\u7d20\u7684\u624d\u5e79\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u8457\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6975\u5ea6\u4f9d\u9644\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u548c\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u3002\u201d20<\/a><\/sup>\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5b54\u5edf\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u63d0\u4f9b\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7acb\u57fa\u790e\u800c\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u5178\u79ae\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u500b\u5834\u5730\u3002\u79ae\u5100\u672c\u8eab\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u78ba\u5be6\u5145\u7576\u8457\u5c0d\u7687\u6b0a\u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\uff0c\u4f46\u8ce6\u4e88\u5b83\u5011\u4ee5\u4e00\u7a2e\u201c\u61b2\u6cd5\u7684\u201d\u5730\u4f4d\u5247\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a87\u5927\u5176\u8a5e\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u201c\u61b2\u6cd5\u201d\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u7684\u610f\u8b02\u662f\u725f\u5b97\u4e09\u548c\u6211\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u7528\u6cd5\u7684\u6642\u5019\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u300221<\/a><\/sup>\u72c4\u767e\u745e\u5df2\u6307\u51fa\u4e8617\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u9ec3\u5b97\u7fb2\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u4e86\u5112\u5bb6\u66f8\u9662\u5145\u7576\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u88fd\u5ea6\u767c\u6e90\u5730\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u6b0a\u529b\u4e4b\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\u7684\u6f5b\u80fd\uff1b\u4e26\u5728\u5225\u8655\u88dc\u5145\u8aaa\uff0c\u665a\u660e\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u66f8\u9662\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u78ba\u5be6\u4fc3\u9032\u4e86\u201c\u516c\u5171\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7a4d\u6975\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u201d\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u72c4\u767e\u745e\u88dc\u5145\u9053\uff1a\u201c16\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u7684\u9019\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u6279\u8a55,\u5728\u906d\u5230\u5b98\u65b9\u58d3\u5236\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c(\u66f8\u9662\u7684) \u9019\u7a2e\u4f5c\u70ba\u516c\u5171\u8ad6\u58c7\u800c\u884c\u4f7f\u7684\u8077\u80fd\uff0c\u5c31\u5f71\u97ff\u6df1\u9060\u5730\u505c\u6b62\u4e86\u3002\u201d22<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f59\u82f1\u6642\u66fe\u5c07\u59cb\u65bc20\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u63cf\u7e6a\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u6c92\u6709\u88fd\u5ea6\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u201c\u904a\u9b42\u201d\u300223<\/a><\/sup>\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\uff0c\u9019\u7576\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7368\u7acb\u6216\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u751a\u81f3\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u8b1b\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u88fd\u5ea6\u5efa\u69cb\u4e5f\u6709\u4e86\u5112\u5bb6\u89c0\u5ff5\u7684\u8868\u9054\u3001\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u7576\u4eca\u4e16\u754c\u5c07\u6703\u5b58\u5728\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u88fd\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u9078\u64c7\uff1f\u5c0d\u65bc\u8523\u6176\u548c\u5eb7\u66c9\u5149\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7b54\u6848\u5c31\u662f\u5112\u5bb6\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u5176\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e14\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u57fa\u65bc\u201c\u5112\u6559\u201d(Confucian reilgion) \u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7d93\u6309\u7167\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u201c\u5b97\u6559\u201d(religion) \u7bc4\u7587\u800c\u88ab\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u300224<\/a><\/sup>\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u61f7\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u7684\u3001\u9084\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u4eca\u65e5\u4e2d\u570b\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u5bc4\u5e0c\u671b\u65bc\u5404\u7a2e\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u8907\u8208\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u548c\u7db2\u7ad9\u3002\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff0c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5eb7\u5fb7\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u9084\u662f\u6279\u8a55\u6027\u7684\u7a2e\u985e\u7e41\u591a\u7684\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\uff0c\u90fd\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u751a\u5fae\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u5112\u5bb6\u6559\u5802\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u7684\u79ae\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u4e3b\u7fa9(ritual minimalism)\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u5c0b\u6c42\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u88fd\u5ea6\u7368\u7acb\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u5728\u8207\u6c11\u9593\u5718\u9ad4\u3001\u8349\u6839\u548c\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u8655\u3002\u5728\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u5f37\u6709\u529b\u7684\u793e\u6703\u201d\u653f\u6cbb\u201d\u54f2\u5b78\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u548c\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u8b8a\u6210\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u5c31\u7e41\u69ae\u8d77\u4f86\u4e86\uff1b\u9019\u4e9b\u985e\u6bd4\u4e5f\u8a31\u6703\u8b93\u6211\u9580\u8003\u616e\u4e00\u500b\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u9ee8\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u5be6\u5247\uff0c\u9810\u8a00\u672a\u4f86\u5112\u5bb6\u5c07\u63a1\u53d6\u4f55\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u5112\u5bb6\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0b\u5c07\u6703\u63a1\u53d6\u4f55\u7a2e\u653f\u9ad4\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u4e26\u4e14\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u6a23\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u300a\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u300b\u4e00\u8cab\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u904e\u4e00\u500b\u5112\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u624d\u662f\u7576\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5207\u5be6\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u51fa\u8def\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u9032\u5165\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u6642\u4ee3\uff1a\u690d\u6839\u65bc\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u975e\u6b50\u6d32\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u5c07\u6703\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u5145\u6eff\u6d3b\u529b\u3001\u5f15\u8d77\u8a0e\u8ad6\u548c\u767c\u63ee\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u3002\u9019\u5c0d\u65bc\u6240\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u6a02\u65bc\u5f9e\u4e00\u7a2e\u6709\u6839\u7684\u7136\u800c\u53c8\u662f\u5168\u7403\u7684\u7acb\u5834\u4f86\u901a\u9054\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u90fd\u61c9\u7576\u662f\u4ee4\u4eba\u632f\u596e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1. \u672c\u6587\u57fa\u65bc\u5b89\u9756\u5982\u300a\u8d70\u5411\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u7ae0\uff0c\u539f\u984c\u70ba\u201cConclusion: The Shape of Confucian Virtue \u2013 Ritual \u2013 Politics\u201d\u3002 Stephen Angle: Contemporary Confucian Political Philosophy Toward Progressive Confucianism. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2012, pp.136 \u2013 146.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u53c3\u898b\u4e7e\u6625\u677e: \u300a\u5236\u5ea6\u5112\u5b78\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e16\u7d00\u51fa\u7248\u96c6\u5718,2006 \u5e74\u3002\u5e79\u6625\u677e\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u8207\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u50b3\u4eba\u5289\u8ff0\u5148\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4ee5\u201c\u7406\u4e00\u5206\u6b8a\u201d\u53e3\u865f\u6240\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u985e\u4f3c\u3002\u9808\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u7121\u8ad6\u675c\u7dad\u660e\u9084\u662f\u5289\u8ff0\u5148\u90fd\u5805\u6301\u5112\u5b78\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u800c\u666e\u904d\u9069\u7528\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u4e7e\u6625\u9b06\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u9084\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff1a\u4ed6\u5011\u95dc\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u771f\u7406\u4e4b\u9069\u7528\u6027\u8207\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4e4b\u96c4\u5fc3\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u9060\u905c\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u65b0\u5112\u5bb6\u524d\u8f29\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u53c3\u898b\u8523\u6176\uff1a\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u5112\u5b78\uff1a\u7576\u4ee3\u5112\u5b78\u7684\u8f49\u5411\u3001\u7279\u8cea\u8207\u767c\u5c55\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e09\u806f\u66f8\u5e97\u201c\u54c8\u4f5b\u71d5\u4eac\u5b78\u8853\u53e2\u66f8\u201d\uff0c2003 \u5e74\uff1b\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u5112\u5b78\u7e8c\u7de8\u2014\u2014\u2014\u738b\u9053\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u5112\u6559\u61b2\u653f\uff1a\u672a\u4f86\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u6cbb\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5112\u5b78\u601d\u8003\u300b\uff0c2010 \u5e74\uff0c\u672a\u520a\uff1b\u5eb7\u66c9\u5149\uff1a\u300a\u4ec1\u653f: \u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u6cbb\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u689d\u9053\u8def\u300b\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\uff1a\u5168\u7403\u51fa\u7248\u516c\u53f8,2005 \u5e74\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u8303\u745e\u5e73\u70ba\u5176\u66f8\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u526f\u6a19\u984c\u662f\u201c\u897f\u65b9\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u518d\u601d\u8003\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u91cd\u9ede\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u662f\u653e\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u89c0\u5ff5\u4e0a\uff1a\u6771\u4e9e\u570b\u5bb6\u61c9\u7576\u63a5\u53d7\u96d6\u6709\u554f\u984c\u4f46\u7d93\u904e\u4ed6\u5011\u6de8\u5316\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u897f\u65b9\u610f\u8b58\u5f62\u614b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u653e\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u4eba\u61c9\u7576\u63a5\u53d7\u5112\u5b78\u9019\u7a2e\u8ad6\u8b49\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u8207\u6b64\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u662f\u6211\u7684 Contemporary Confucian Political Philosophy Toward Progressive Confucianism<\/em> \u4e00\u66f8\u7b2c 1 \u7ae0\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u767d\u5f64\u6771\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u666e\u904d\u958b\u653e\u6027\u8207\u7531\u8523\u6176\u7684\u5112\u5b78( \u4ea6\u5373\u201c\u5112\u6559\u201d) \u89c0\u9ede\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u901a\u904e\u5b97\u6559\u900f\u93e1\u9032\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u805a\u7126\u7684\u5340\u5206\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u767d\u5f64\u6771\uff1a\u300a\u5fc3\u6027\u5112\u5b78\u9084\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u5112\u5b78\uff1f\u65b0\u90a6\u820a\u547d\u9084\u662f\u820a\u90a6\u65b0\u547d\uff1f \u2014\u2014\u2014\u95dc\u65bc\u5112\u5b78\u5fa9\u8208\u7684\u5e7e\u9ede\u601d\u8003\u300b\uff0c\u672a\u520a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. \u611f\u8b1d\u99ac\u6137\u4e4b\u5411\u6211\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. \u8523\u6176\uff1a\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u5112\u5b78\u7e8c\u7de8\u2014\u2014\u2014\u738b\u9053\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u5112\u6559\u61b2\u653f\uff1a\u672a\u4f86\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u6cbb\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u5112\u5b78\u601d\u8003\u300b\uff0c2010 \u5e74\uff0c\u672a\u520a\uff1b\u5eb7\u66c9\u5149\uff1a\u300a\u4ec1\u653f\uff1a\u4e2d\u570b\u653f\u6cbb\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u689d\u9053\u8def\u300b\uff0c\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\uff1a\u5168\u7403\u51fa\u7248\u516c\u53f8\uff0c2005 \u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. \u6258\u99ac\u65af\u00b7\u5a01\u723e\u905c( Thomas Wilson) \u8ad6\u5b54\u5edf\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u7279\u5225\u6709\u555f\u767c\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u570b\u5bb6\u5b54\u5edf\u7684\u5178\u79ae\u548c\u66f2\u961c\u5b54\u5e9c\u5b97\u5edf\u7684\u5178\u79ae\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5340\u5225\u548c\u6df7\u540c\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff0c\u5230 15 \u4e16\u7d00,\u570b\u5bb6\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6559\u990a\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u4f46\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u9084\u8aaa\uff0c\u201c\u56e0\u70ba\u53ea\u6709\u570b\u5b50\u76e3\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u548c\u79d1\u8003\u7684\u5b78\u4f4d\u7372\u5f97\u8005\u624d\u88ab\u5141\u8a31\u89c0\u79ae\u6216\u53c3\u8207\u5178\u79ae\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u5b54\u5edf\u5728\u5100\u5f0f\u4e0a\u8207\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5bfa\u5edf\u7684\u819c\u62dc\u5340\u5225\u958b\u4f86\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u5c07\u5112\u5bb6\u7d33\u58eb\u51dd\u805a\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u5171\u540c\u9ad4\uff0c\u5b83\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u662f\u4ee5\u7cbe\u901a\u7d93\u5178\u7684\u8056\u4eba\u4e4b\u8a00\u70ba\u6587\u5316\u6a19\u8a18\u7684\u3002\u201d( Thomas Wilson: The Ritual Formation of Confucian Orthodoxy and the Descendants of the Sage. Journal of Asian Studies, 55(3), 559 \u2013 84. 1996,564.) \u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u7136\u6c7a\u4e0d\u5728\u795e\u8077\u4eba\u54e1\u6216\u6559\u5802\u6703\u773e\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8ac7\u8ad6\u5b54\u201c\u5edf\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. \u5728\u8ad6\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u9673\u7956\u70ba\u7684\u8ad6\u6587 Legitimacy, Unanimity, And Perfectionism<\/em> (Philosophy and Public Affairs, 29: 1,5 \u2013 42) \u548c George Sher \u7684\u8457\u4f5c Beyond Neutrality: Perfectionism And Politics <\/em>(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1997) \u3002\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u53c3\u898b\u5b89\u9756\u5982: Sagehood: The Contemporary Significance of Neo-Confucian Philosophy<\/em>. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009, section 11. 3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. \u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50,\u53c3\u898b Thaddeus Metz \u5728\u5176\u8ad6\u6587 Respect for Persons and Perfectionist Politics <\/em>\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u8ad6\u9ede\uff1a\u9673\u7956\u70ba\u7684\u9069\u5ea6\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u662f\u5c0d\u5eb7\u5fb7\u5c0d\u500b\u4eba\u4e4b\u5c0a\u91cd\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u9055\u80cc\u3002 (Thaddeus Metz: Respect For Persons And Perfectionist Politics, Philosophy and Public Affairs<\/em>, 30(4), 417 – 42.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. \u725f\u5b97\u4e09\uff1a\u300a\u653f\u9053\u8207\u6cbb\u9053\u300b\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u5b78\u751f\u66f8\u5c40\uff0c1991 \u5e74\uff0c\u7b2c 179\u3001126 \u9801\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. \u53c3\u898b George Sher: Beyond Neutrality: Perfectionism and Politics <\/em>( \u8d85\u8d8a\u4e2d\u7acb\uff1a\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u5b78) , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1997, ch. 5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. Thomas Metzger (\u58a8\u5b50\u523b): A Cloud Across the Pacific: Essays on the Clash Between Chinese and Western Political Theories Today<\/em>. Hong Kong: Chinese University of Hong Kong Press, 2005, 255 – 61.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13. \u53c3\u898b Stephen Angle: Contemporary Confucian Political Philosophy Toward Progressive Confucianism<\/em>. p.132. \u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u656c\u754f\u3001\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u3001\u958b\u653e\u6027\u3001\u5c0d\u8a71\u3001\u6613\u8b2c\u6027\u548c\u5c0a\u656c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14. \u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u300b\u66f8\u4e2d\u8f09\u6709\u95dc\u65bc\u53e4\u4ee3\u8056\u4eba\u821c\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u821c\u5c0d\u7236\u89aa\u61f7\u6709\u59cb\u7d42\u4e0d\u6e1d\u7684\u611b\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u4ed6\u90a3\u6975\u7aef\u5351\u52a3\u7684\u7236\u89aa\u4e00\u518d\u8a66\u5716\u50b7\u5bb3\u65bc\u4ed6\u3002\u6839\u64da\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\uff0c\u821c\u5982\u679c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u627f\u8a8d\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u201d\u548c\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u88e1\uff0c\u5176\u5883\u6cc1\u61c9\u8a72\u597d\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u7136\u5247\u9019\u7a2e\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u9019\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e26\u4e0d\u8207\u4ed6\u5c0d\u7236\u89aa\u7684\u611b\u548c\u5b5d\u5fc3\u76f8\u885d\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

15. \u5728\u5617\u8a66\u7d50\u5408\u9019\u4e9b\u50f9\u503c\u6642,\u5112\u5b78\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7368\u7684,\u4f46\u6211\u5728\u9019\u88e1\u8981\u805a\u7126\u65bc\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u56de\u61c9: \u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u80fd\u5920\u61c9\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u6311\u6230\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

16. Stephen Angle (\u5b89\u9756\u5982): Sagehood: The Contemporary Significance of Neo-Confucian Philosophy<\/em>. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009, 216 – 21. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

17. \u6211\u5728\u4e0a\u6587\u8aaa\u904e\uff0c\u5728\u5510\u541b\u6bc5\u90a3\u7a2e\u901a\u904e\u5bec\u5bb9\u4f86\u7bc0\u5236\u5176\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u4e00\u4e9b\u60b2\u60c5\uff1b\u73fe\u5728\u61c9\u4e88\u6f84\u6e05\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u6240\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u5e36\u8457\u59a5\u5354\u610f\u5473\u7684\u60b2\u60c5\u3002\u9019\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207 Martha Nussbaum \u901a\u5f80\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7684\u4e9e\u91cc\u58eb\u591a\u5fb7\u65b9\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u7a2e\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\uff0c\u5c0d Nussbaum \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7531\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6240\u5efa\u69cb\u7684\u516c\u5171\u9818\u57df\u4ecd\u662f\u67d0\u7a2e\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u90aa\u60e1\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u6211\u5728 Sagehood: The Contemporary Significance of Neo-Confucian Philosophy<\/em> \u88e1\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

18. \u5b89\u9756\u5982: \u300a\u4eba\u6b0a\u8207\u4e2d\u570b\u601d\u60f3: \u4e00\u7a2e\u8de8\u6587\u5316\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2011\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

19. \u53c3\u898b\u6881\u555f\u8d85\u300a\u8ad6\u6b0a\u5229\u601d\u60f3\u300b( Liang Qichao: On Rights Consciousness<\/em>, Chinese Human Rights Reader, Armonk, New York, 2001, M. E. Sharpe, 5 \u2013 15) \u4ee5\u53ca\u5b89\u9756\u5982\u300a\u4eba\u6b0a\u8207\u4e2d\u570b\u601d\u60f3\u300b\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0( \u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u570b\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e, 2011 \u5e74) \u4e2d\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u6c92\u6709\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u574e\u9677\u201d\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u6881\u555f\u8d85\u4ecd\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u5c07\u6b0a\u5229\u610f\u8b58\u8207\u502b\u7406\u610f\u8b58\u5408\u4f75\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6881\u555f\u8d85\u7576\u7136\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u50b3\u7d71\u6587\u5316\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u548c\u5112\u5b78\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u91cd\u8981\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20. Theodore deBary (\u72c4\u767e\u745e) : The Trouble With Confucianism<\/em>, Cambridge: Harvard University Press,1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

21. \u53c3\u898b Ron Guey Chu \u7684\u8ad6\u6587 Rites and Rights in Ming China (In DeBary, Wm. Theodore, & Wei \u2013 ming,Tu (eds), Confucianism and Human Rights<\/em>. New York: Columbia University Press,1998,169 \u2013 78) \u548c Chaihark Hahm \u7684\u8ad6\u6587 Confucianism, Confucian Civic Virtue, and Ritual Propriety (In Bell, Daniel A, & Hahm, Chaibong (eds), Confucianism for the Modern World<\/em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, 31 \u2013 53)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u5728\u300a\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u300b\u7b2c 6 \u7ae0\u548c\u300a\u8056\u5883\uff1a\u5b8b\u660e\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u610f\u7fa9\u300b\u88e1\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

22. Theodore deBary (\u72c4\u767e\u745e): The Trouble With Confucianism<\/em>, Cambridge: Harvard University Press,1991, p. 54. \u72c4\u767e\u745e\u751a\u81f3\u8aaa\uff0c\u9ec3\u5b97\u7fb2\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u201c\u5b78\u8005\u8b70\u6703\u201d(parliament of scholars) \uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u5920\u201c\u767c\u63ee\u4e00\u7a2e\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u62b5\u6d88\u5176\u4ed6\u6b0a\u529b\u4e4b\u5f37\u5ea6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u201d( Ibid. ,83) \u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

23. \u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\u548c\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u898b John Makeham: Lost Soul: \u201cConfucianism\u201d in Contemporary Chinese Academic Discourse<\/em>. Cambridge: Harvard University Asian Center, 2008, 2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

24.\u5e79\u6625\u677e\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u88fd\u5ea6\u5112\u5bb6\u6703\u5f9e\u5eb7\u6709\u70ba\u548c 20 \u4e16\u7d00\u5176\u4ed6\u8f03\u65e9\u5efa\u7acb\u5112\u5bb6\u6559\u5802\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u5931\u6557\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2\u3002\u53c3\u898b\u4e7e\u6625\u677e\u300a\u5236\u5ea6\u5112\u5b78\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e16\u7d00\u51fa\u7248\u96c6\u5718,2006 \u5e74\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5112\u5bb6\u54f2\u5b78\u61c9\u7576\u662f\u201c\u6709\u6839\u7684\u5168\u7403\u54f2\u5b78\u201d\uff1a\u690d\u6839\u65bc\u5112\u5bb6\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u4e26\u5f9e\u5168\u7403\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u54f2\u5b78\u50b3\u7d71\u53d7\u5230\u6fc0\u52f5\u3002\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u5373\u662f\u901a\u5f80\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u689d\u9032\u8def\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8ad6\u7d50\u69cb\u50cf\u4e00\u96bb\u4e09\u8173\u51f3\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u5fb7\u6027\u2014\u79ae\u2014\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u7dad\u5ea6\u7686\u690d\u6839\u65bc\u50b3\u7d71\uff0c\u4f46\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u7dad\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u4e9b\u7dad\u5ea6\u76f8\u4e92\u806f\u7e6b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u537b\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u56de\u61c9\u65b0\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u8207\u6311\u6230\u4e2d\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u502b\u7406\u7684\u5fb7\u6027\u662f\u9032\u6b65\u5112\u5b78\u6700\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u4f7f\u5fb7\u6027\u7684\u7372\u5f97\u6210\u70ba\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5fb7\u6027\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u574e\u9677\u81ea\u8eab\uff0c\u4e26\u9075\u5f9e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u898f\u5247( \u4f8b\u5982\u6cd5\u5f8b) \u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u502b\u7406\u898f\u7bc4\u8207\u653f\u6cbb\u898f\u7bc4\u4e4b\u5be6\u73fe\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u79ae\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\u4e5f\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u500b\u7dad\u5ea6\u90fd\u662f\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u5112\u5bb6\u653f\u6cbb\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[213,237,236,207,221,210,211],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6071"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6071"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6071\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6096,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6071\/revisions\/6096"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6071"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jinburuxue.com\/zh_tw\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}